Transcript This is Where You Type the Slide Title

personality disorders
CLUSTER A
odd & eccentric
CLUSTER B
CLUSTER C
dramatic,
emotional, erratic
anxious & fearful
personality disorders
• pervasive, enduring, inflexible patterns of thinking,
feeling, behaving
• differs from what is expected of people
• recognizable in adolescence or early adulthood
• leads to social & occupational problems
• difficult to treat
• no insight; fails to link their problems w/ their
inflexible personality
• 10% prevalence
(not like the sudden change of Axis I disorders)
paranoid PD
Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric
Distrust & suspiciousness of others. 4+:
• suspects others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving her/him
• preoccupied w/ doubts of loyalty or trustworthiness
• reluctant to confide in others for fear info will be used maliciously
against her/him
• reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings in remarks or
events
• bears grudges
• perceives attacks on reputation & quick to counter attack
• suspicions of fidelity of spouse or sex partner
paranoid PD
Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric
MISC
• “on guard”
• excessively self-sufficient & autonomous
• blames other for her/his shortcomings
• may engage in frequent lawsuits
• during high stress, brief psychosis possible
schizoid PD
Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric
Detachment from social relationships & restricted emotion. 4+:
• does not enjoy close relationships (including family)
• chooses solitary activities
• little interest in sex w/ another person
• takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
• indifferent to praise or criticism
• shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flat affect
schizoid PD
Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric
MISC
• parents of autistic children have elevated % of
schizoid PD
• prefers mechanical or abstract tasks (e.g.
computer or math games)
• rarely reciprocates gestures (e.g. smiles, nods)
• seeks jobs w/ little or no contact w/ others
schizotypal PD
Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric
Social/interpersonal deficits, cognitive or perceptual distortions, &
eccentricities of behavior. 5+:
• ideas of reference
• odd beliefs or magical thinking
• unusual perceptual experiences
• odd thinking & speech
• paranoid ideas
• inappropriate or constricted affect
• odd behavior
• lacks close friends
• social anxiety based on paranoid fears
antisocial PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Disregard for & violation of rights of others. 3+:
• repeated unlawful behavior
• deceitfulness (i.e. lying, aliases, conning for profit or pleasure)
• impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• irritability or aggressiveness (repeated physical fights)
• reckless disregard for safety of self or others
• irresponsibility (can’t sustain work or honor debts)
• lack of remorse for hurting, mistreating, or stealing from others
antisocial PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
MISC
• ASPD dx criteria focuses on overt behavior
rather than personality traits of PSYCHOPATHY
• experiences reduced anxiety…does not learn
from punishments
antisocial PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
TRAITS OF PSYCHOPATHY
• superficial charm
• grandiose sense of self-worth
• need for stimulation
• conning & manipulative
• lack of empathy, remorse, guilt
• pathological lying
borderline PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Instability of relationships, self-image, & emotion + impulsivity. 5+:
• frantic efforts to avoid real or imaged abandonment
• unstable & intense relationships (idealization vs. devaluation)
• unstable self-image
• impulsivity
• suicidal behavior, gestures, threats or self-mutilation
• emotional instability
• feelings of emptiness
• intense anger
• stress-related paranoia or dissociative symptoms
histrionic PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Excessive emotionality & attn seeking. 5+:
• uncomfortable in situations when s/he isn’t center of attention
• inappropriate seductive or provocative behavior
• rapidly shifting expression of emotions
• uses physical appearance to draw attn to self
• speech is excessively impressionistic but lacks detail
• dramatic, theatrical, exaggerated emotion
• changes appearance, opinions, beliefs due to others
• considers relationships more intimate than really is
narcissistic PD
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy. 5+:
• grandiose sense of importance
• preoccupied w/ fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance,
beauty, or ideal love
• believes s/he is special & should only associate w/ high-status
• requires excessive admiration
• has sense of entitlement
• exploitative
• lacks empathy
• envious of others & believes others or envious of her/him
• arrogant
dependent PD
Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful
Needs to be taken care of, submissive & clinging, fear of
separation. 5+:
• can’t make everyday decisions w/o advice from others
• needs others to assume responsibility for most areas of her/his life
• can’t disagree for fear of loss of support or approval
• can’t initiate projects or do things on own
• goes to excessive lengths to obtain support to point of
volunteering to do unpleasant things
• feels helpless when alone
• urgently seeks replacement relationship when one ends
• preoccupied w/ fears of being left to care for self
obsessive-compulsive PD
Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful
Preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism, & mental/social
control at expense of flexibility, openness, & efficiency. 4+:
• preoccupied w/ details, rules, lists, order, organization, or
schedules to extent that point of activity is lost
• perfectionism that interferes w/ task completion
• excessively devoted to work to exclusion of leisure & friends
• overconscientious & inflexible about morals, ethics, values
• unable to discard worn-out objects w/ no sentimental value
• adopts miserly spending style
• rigidity or stubborness
avoidant PD
Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful
Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to
negative evaluation. 4+:
• avoids occupational activities that involve significant contact
because fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection
• unwilling to get involved w/ people unless certain of being liked
• restrained in intimate relationships for fear of being shamed
• preoccupied w/ being criticized or rejected in social situations
• inhibited in new interpersonal situations due to feelings of
inadequacy
• views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to
others
• reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities
because may be embarrassing