Transcript IE 2030 Lecture 5: Project Management Drawing Gantt Charts

IE 2030 Lecture 5: Project Management
Drawing Gantt Charts
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Time on horizontal axis,
Activities on vertical axis. 1 bar per activity
Length of bar = required activity time
Left end of bar at ES=Earliest Start Time
Concepts:
– Slack Time
– Earliest Start Time
IE 2030 Lecture 5: Gantt Charts
Slack time example
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The first 2-time-unit activity has slack 0, and the
second has a slack of 1. Either (but not both) could be
delayed without delaying the project
IE 2030 Lecture 5: Gantt Charts
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• Gantt Chart Pros and Cons
Easy to understand, visual
Can show how large a staff is needed
Good for small projects
Poor at showing precedence relations
Poor at showing ``practical’’ slack
Doesn’t deal with variability or uncertainty
IE 2030 Lecture 5: PERT/CPM
• How to draw PERT/CPM networks
• Concepts: Critical Path, Early Time, Late
Time
• How to compute values. Why a good
algorithmic method is needed.
• A model for dealing with uncertainty:
PERT, Beta distribution, central limit
theorem. Formulas that make assumptions.
IE 2030 Lecture 5: PERT/CPM
How to Draw Networks
• Each activity is represented by a unique arc
(branch)
• Start node, Finish node
• Parallel arcs not permitted: 2 arcs may not
share both head and tail nodes
• Use dummy arcs as needed for precedence
• Nodes may be thought of as events such as
the end of an activity
B
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C
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A
F
12
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D
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Critical Path: A,D,F. Early start time of D,F = Late time = 12
Early start time of B,C = 4; Late start time=5
B
10
C
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A
F
12
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D
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E
Critical Paths: A,D,F; A,B,C,F; A,D,E,F.
Earliest Start Times -- Forward Computation
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10
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9
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Earliest Start Times -- Forward Computation
Note: Early Finish Time = Early Start Time +
Activity Time
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10
0
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Latest Finish Times -- Backward Computation
Note: Late Start Time = Late Finish Time Activity Time
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0
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15
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38
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39
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Early S (F) Time = Late S (F) Time for critical path arcs
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