Transcript Consciousness - Home - Airport High School

Consciousness
Chapter 4 (5)
Objectives
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Define consciousness, stream of consciousness, level of awareness, and alternate states of
consciousness.
List the four characteristics of ASCs (124-129)
Discuss why ASCs have been of strong interest throughout history and across cultures
Explain the three major functions that are served by ASCs for all cultures (129-130)
Define chronobiology and circadian rhythms
Discuss the ill effects of disruptions in circadian rhythms
Explain how EEGs are used to study sleep
Describe what happens in a typical night’s sleep: include REM, non-REM, stages 1-4 (133-135)
Discuss, analyze, synthesize possible biological cause of sleep (136)
Compare the repair/restoration theory of sleep and the evolutionary/circadian theory
Explain problems associated with sleep deprivation (137-138)
List and describe the five major sleep disorders; insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmares,
and night terrors (140-143)
Describe how drugs act as agonists or antagonists to neurotransmitters
Describe the four steps of drug action on neural transmission (145-147)
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EQ Are you awake?
•Define consciousness, stream of
consciousness, level of awareness, and
alternate states of consciousness.
•List the four characteristics of ASCs (124129)
• Before the Bell: You are now responsible
for the board.
• 1 min. bullet Type 1: brainstorm as many
other things that are associated with
altered states of consciousness.
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Lab 1
• Sleep deprivation experiment – explain the
large unit lab
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/neuroscienti
st-sees-proof-heaven-week-longcoma/story?id=17555207#.UIkYHLXvwVA
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I.
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The Study of Consciousness
A. Consciousness as a Construct
1. Consciousness – the awareness of things that
are both inside and outside ourselves.
2. Psychologists have not always thought it existed.
3. John Watson (Behaviorist) did not believe
because he wanted to focus on only observable
behavior.
4. As a construct – is both intelligence and emotion.
Cannot be touched but are known by their effects
on behavior.
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B. Meanings of Consciousness (awareness)
-term is used in a varieties of ways
1. Consciousness as Sensory Awareness
a. aware of things around you
b. selective attention – focusing on a
particular stimulus - you screen out the other
things – makes your senses keener
c. we tend to be more conscious of some
things than others.
2. Consciousness as a Direct Inner Awareness
a. being aware of your emotions and why you
are feeling the way you feel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpBuCclfFbE&feature=related
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B. Meanings of Consciousness (awareness)
3. Consciousness as Sense of Self
a. as you grow older you become more aware
of yourself and the role you play in the world
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C. Different Levels of Consciousness
1. Conscious Level- ideas are not in your
awareness now, but you could recall them.
(memories, stored knowledge)
2. Unconscious Level – (sometimes called
subconscious) is unavailable to awareness under
most circumstances (i.e. – Freud thought certain memories are
painful and that some of our impulses like aggressiveness are unacceptable.
We use mental strategies to push away painful or unacceptable ideas .
Protect ourselves from anxiety, guilt, and shame.)
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C. Different Levels of Consciousness
3. Nonconscious Level – our basic biological
functions exist here. (in theory) – i.e. cannot sense
fingernails growing, cannot feel exchange of CO2
and O2 as breathing
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Type 2 What are the three
levels of consciousness and
describe them?
:
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• Freud’s Levels of Consciousness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mkin1F
hojCo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWMEnkyL_qA&playnext=1&list=PL539502A7D9B64F0C
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Type 1
What was your most memorable dream.
Describe it in as much detail as possible.
After we write be ready to share.
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C. Different Levels of Consciousness
4. Altered States of Consciousness – change a
person’s sense of self or sense of the world changes
– dozing off
a. sleep
b. meditation
c. biofeedback
d. hypnosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXbGjkV0UYU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcJZmzhEST0&feature=related
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II. Sleep and Dreams
A. Sleep Cycle
(we spend about 1/3 of our lives sleeping)
1. Circadian Rhythms – sequence of bodily changes
that occurs every 24 hours, the most studied is sleep
2. Usually thought connected to rotation of the earth.
However when people are removed from cues their
cycle tends to expand to 25 hours. ???not sure
why?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17L5S7Kk7Cc
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2. Stages of Sleep
(defined by brain wave patterns which are
measured by EEG. Beta, alpha, theta, and
delta waves)
a. Beta waves – awake and alert – short and
quick waves
b. Alpha waves – little slower – relaxed state,
can experience visual images like flashes of
color or sensations like if we are falling. Then
follows stages of sleep.
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Non REM
2. Stages of Sleep http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giKIFuw5fyc
c. Stage 1 – (theta waves) lightest sleep –
may be accompanied by brief images that
resemble vivid photographs. Probably will
remember images because we were almost
awake. (generally 30-40 mins)
d. Move into 2-4 (delta waves) slowest of
patterns
e. REM – after ½ hour of stage 4 we begin to
go back to 3 , 2, 1…(about 90 mins) begins
irregular breathing, bp rises,
f. During typical 8 hours we cycle through
these stages about five times)
g. as night goes on periods of REM are
longer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvDrOXygV0w&p=36E091E1B0502CAE&playnext=1&index=29
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B. Importance of Sleep and Dreams
1. Why sleep/dreams are important
a. revive tired body and build up resistance to
infection
b. recover from stress
c. consolidate memories from day
2. Dreams
a. dreams are a mystery about which many
have theorized for centuries.
b. We may dream every time we are in REM
c. Can dream when in NREM
d. we dream in “real time” if it seemed like 10
mins. it probably was
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhTjnzlcIeI
3. Freudian View of Dreams
a. Freud believed the Disney song – he
believed dreams reflect a person’s
unconscious wishes and urges.
https://www.you
tube.com/watch
b. Some unconscious wishes may be
?v=Mkin1FhojC
unacceptable, and painful – Freud believed
o&feature=relat
ed
these would appear in dreams but no always
in direct or obvious forms.
c. Manifest content - symbols in dreams –
give way to deal with painful material they
can’t deal with.
d. Latent content – true unconscious meaning
of a dream
Pass out dream survey
http://www.you
tube.com/watc
h?v=OikoLaR
Evck
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Using the following list of common dream themes, please place a check mark next to each
one you have ever dreamed about:
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_83%___1. Falling
_77%___2. Being attacked or pursued
_71%___3. Trying repeatedly to do something
71%____4. School, teachers, studying
_66%___5. Sexual experiences
_64%___6. Arriving too late
_62%___7. Eating
58%___8. Being frozen with fright
_57%___9. Death of a loved person
_56%__10. Being locked up
_56%__11. Finding money
_52%__12. Swimming
_49%__13. Snakes
_46%__14. Being dressed inappropriately
_44%__15. Being smothered
_43%__16. Being naked in public
_41%__17. Fire
_39%__18. Failing an examination
_34%__19. Flying
_33%__20. Seeing yourself as dead
•
http://www.guidetopsychology.com/dreams.htm
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4. The Bio psychological Approach
a. some psychologists believe dreams begin
with biological activity.
b. neurons fire in part of brain that controls
vision and movement. These burst are
random and the brain tries to make sense of
them. It does be weaving a story.
c. explains why people dream about events
that took place earlier.
d. Most psychologist caution there are not
hard and fast rules for interpreting dreams.
http://www.youtube.co
/watch?v=OikoLaREvck
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Before the Bell:
Type 1 What kind of sleeper are You?
Do you have any problems with sleep?
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C. Sleep Problems
1. Insomnia
a. racing minds a bedtime – can be brought
on by stress/anxiety
b. made worse when TRYing to sleep –
increases stress
c. can only “set the stage for sleep”;
d. many psychologist believe medication is
not the best solution.
e. See sheet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrsCl_h
naWc
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C. Sleep Problems
2. Nightmares and Night Terrors
a. products of REM sleep.
b. studies (average of 2 a month)
c. anxious or depressed persons more likely
to have
d. night terrors are similar, but more severe.
1.Can wake up gasping for air.
2.May wake up feeling disturbed.
3. Tend to occur during stages 3 & 4,
4. happen during the first couple of
sleep cycles (nightmares more toward
morning)
5. Most common in children
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW8EtHKsmRU
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C. Sleep Problems
3. Sleepwalking
a. occurs during deep sleep.
b. may talk and respond to questions
c. common not to remember anything
d. no evidence that if you wake a sleep
walker they will be violent or upset.
e. could accidentally hurt themselves.
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C. Sleep Problems
4. Sleep Apnea
a. Interruptions in breathing – we all do it, but
people with sleep apnea do not automatically
start breathing again until the sit up and gasp
for air.
b. may not be fully conscious when the do it.
c. air passages are blocked
d. 10 million Americans have it. Associated
with obesity and snoring can lead to high
blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes.
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C. Sleep Problems
5. Narcolepsy
a. rare – suddenly fall asleep with no warning
no matter time of day or where the person is
b. one minute awake, next minute in REM
sleep
c. Feel refreshed when the awake, but
extremely dangerous
d. no known causes (for sure) many believed
a genetic component
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siYsh2gp_0E&feature=related
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Type 1: How do drugs alter my
consciousness?
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III. Altered States of Consciousness
A. Meditation and Biofeedback
1. Meditation
a. many techniques - stare into flame, look at
pleasant images, repeat phrases like om or
sheereem
b. common thread- focus on peaceful
repetitive stimulus.
c. important part of some religions
(Buddhism)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/v
p/45007876#44988699
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2. Biofeedback
a. a system that provides or feeds back
b. people learn to control bodily functions
(heart rate)
c. control alpha waves to cope with tension,
BP, ADHD
d. only attempted with direct supervision of
medical professional
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfhynczIsiw
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III. Altered States of Consciousness
B. Hypnosis: Myths and Realities
1. History – began with German physician Franx
Mesmer (1700s)
a. thought all universe connected by forms of
magnetism – passed magnets over bodies –
fall into a trance
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Myths
Facts
You can be hypnotized against your
will.
No one can be hypnotized unless he
or she is willing to be.
When hypnotized, you can’t open your
eyes.
Being hypnotized dulls but does not
fundamentally affect the normal
function of all the senses.
You cannot remember your own name. You can remember everything you
normally remember.
You act out scenes from childhood.
You don’t typically act out scenes at
all.
You behave in unusual ways.
You usually behave quite normally.
You will do anything.
You are unlikely to do anything you
wouldn’t normally do.
You go into a sleep state.
You stay conscious and relatively alert.
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III. Altered States of Consciousness
B. Hypnosis: Myths and Realities
1. History – began with German physician Franx
Mesmer (1700s)
a. thought all universe connected by forms of
magnetism – passed magnets over bodies –
fall into a trance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxVvYQTw2k
2. Uses
a. memory – jog memories of witnesses
(not hypnotized just as likely to remember)
b. pain prevention – dentist
c. quitting bad habits – posthypnotic
suggestion
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4LzTS4ejfw
IV. Drugs and Consciousness
*Addiction – after taking a drug for a while the body
craves it just to feel normal.
A. Depressants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xH97OBRwC-A
1. drugs that slow the activity of the nervous system (sense of
relaxation but can have negative effects.
a. alcohol – is also an intoxicant (root means poison)
liver, heart problems and cancer
b. Narcotics – addictive used to relieve pain and induce
sleep – (morphine, heroin, codeine –forms of opium)
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IV. Drugs and Consciousness
B. Stimulants – increase activity of the nervous system
– speed up heart, breathing
1. Nicotine –
a. release adrenaline – may make a
person feel more alert and attentive – but does not
improve ability to perform complex tasks
b. some studies show as addictive as heroine
c. health risks – lung cancer, heart disease,
chronic lung and respiratory disease, miscarriage,
premature birth, birth defects
d. secondhand smoke just as bad
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IV. Drugs and Consciousness
2. Amphetamines –
a. helping people stay awake and reducing
appetite
b. first used by soldiers in WWI & WWII to
help them stay awake at night (speed,
uppers) pleasure
c. Usually “crash” when done – some people
have even committed suicide because of a
crash
d. high doses – restlessness, insomnia, loss
of appetite, irritability, hallucinations, delusion
e. methamphetamine
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IV. Drugs and Consciousness
3. Cocaine
a. produces feelings of pleasure, reduces
hunger, deadens pain, and boosts confidence
b. raises blood pressure and decreases O2
supply - can lead to death
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IV. Drugs and Consciousness
B. Hallucinogens
*cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure or panic
1. Marijuana http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuIROUabuLY
a. impairs perception, coordination, should
not operate machines
b. impairs memory and learning
c. can cause anxiety and confusion
d. increases heart rate 140-150
e. time warping (usually slows)
f. confusion and lose sense of self
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2. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
a. acid – much stronger than weed
b. intense hallucinations
c. effects not predictable – panic, confusion,
inure themselves, commit suicide,
d. long term effects – memory lass, violent
outbursts, nightmares, and panic
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3. Other Hallucinogens
a. mushrooms – eaten raw or w/food – sight,
sound, taste, smell and touch, confusion,
anxiety, and panic, flashbacks
b. Peyote – cactus plants Mexico – religious
rituals of Indian in southwestern US
c. Ecstasy – hallucinations, energy, loss of
judgment, nausea, high blood pressure.
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