Transcript Canada 1946 to 2000

A Middle Power:
Canada and
International Involvement
PLO: assess Canada’s participation in world affairs
Cold War: U.S.A (capitalism) vs.
U.S.S.R (communism), each seeking to
extend its sphere of influence (nuclear
arms race, espionage and ‘proxy wars’
Remember, WWII is
over. What ended
WWII?
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
• P 131
• Gouzenko
• A spy ring in
Canada, you say?
• I’m not sure whether
to be scared or
flattered.
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
• P 133
• NATO (1949) vs.
Warsaw Pact (1955)
 (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization vs. Eastern Block
Countries)
Which side did Canada pick?
Why?
Note: Berlin Wall 1961
Can you see the iron curtain?
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
• P 136
• NORAD (1957) (North
American Air Defence
Agreement)
• DEW Line (1950-57)
(Distant Early
Warning)
Sovereignty or Security?
Canada: The United Nations , but
also International Involvement
• P 137
• U.N. created in 1945
for collective
security
• Since start of
peacekeeping (1956
- 1999) CDN’s
involved in every
mission
So does this means the world sees us as a peaceful nation?
Can you name this
degree of latitude\
parallel?
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
• P 138 1950 Korean War
• A U.N. force, largely
American, try to force
back North Koreans
• Urged by Americans,
Cdn’s send 1000’s of
troops
Can you say proxy war? I knew you could. So whose side we on?
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
• P 139 1956 Suez
Crisis
• Pearson suggests
U.N. emergency
force
(PEACEKEEPERS)
and later wins Nobel
Egyptian President Nassar
Peace Prize
2 Thoughts:
1. Britain attacked Egypt, U.S.A. no like. What did we do?
2. If a CDN thought of the idea, why no CDN troops sent? And
what connection does this have to the CDN flag (1965?)
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
How do you think CDN - US
Relations are now?
• P 140 1962 Cuban
Misslie Crisis
• U.S.A. expects
unconditional support
• Diefenbaker does not
put CDN NORAD forces
on alert or allow U.S.
planes with nuclear
weapons to land at
CDN bases
• Dief believes he’s
defending Canada\s
independencece, but
80% of CDN’s thought
he was wrong.
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
P 142
Q. Bomarc missiles - to nuke or not
To nuke, that is the question.
A. 1963 Pearson elected, hello
nukes. Why wouldn’t we say
yes?
• P 141 Avro Arrow
Canada: The Cold War, but
also International Involvement
8 June 1972: Kim Phúc, center left,
running down a road near Trang Bang
after a VNAF napalm attack (© Nick
Út/Associated Press).
• P 145 196? - 1973
Vietnam War
• P 145 1965
• Title match Pearson
Vs.Johnson
• ‘Criticize operation
‘Rolling Thunder’ in my
house? Why I
oughta…”
Sure we made money off the war, but we didn\t kill anybody…
Canada: a Middle Power
Prime Minister Trudeau with leader Mao
Zedong, of the People's Republic of China,
Beijing, October 13,1973
• P 146 1968 Trudeau,
“Living next to you is in
some ways like
sleeping with an
elephant. No matter
how friendly and
eventempered is the
beast, one is affected
by every twitch an
grunt.”(1969).
• P 149 ‘Trade and Aid’
• 1984 Canada nuke-free
THE BOTTOM LINE: Whatever our involvement in international affairs,
how doe it affect our involvement with the U.S.A.?
How cozy with the U.S.A.
should we be?
• Trudeau says not
too close
• P 150 Mulroney
• 1992 NAFTA (North
American Free
Trade Agreement)
The End of the Cold War
• P 152
• 1989 the wall comes
down
• 1989 Tiananmen
Square
• 1989 I graduate from
SRSS
• Perestroika
(reconstruction) and
glasnost (openess)
• 1991 Soviet Union
dissolves - end of cold
war.
‘A New World Order’
U.N. led world peace,
enforced by U.S.A
•
•
•
•
•
•
P 153
1991 Gulf War
1992 Somalia
– Can you say “Blackhawk
Down?’
1994 Rwanda
– Ever heard of Romeo
Delaire?
1992 CDN’s first U.N.
peacekeepers into Bosnia: NO
PEACE
1995 NATO (hence Canada) air
strikes vs. Serbia.
Tutsi Refugee
A Middle Power:
Canada and
International Involvement
PLO: assess Canada’s participation in world affairs
Despite worries about Canadian sovereignty, the first two
decades of the cold war saw Canada closely aligned with
the U.S.A. xxx. However, the turmoil of the Viet Nam
War xxx and the attitude of Trudeau xxx saw Canada try
to distance itself from the U.S. while still participating in
world affairs. Through it all however, Canada continued to
involve itself with the U.N. in world affairs and to push for
Human Rights xxx. We had become, and are a Middle
Power.
Note: where you see an xxx, can you provide an
example?
PLO: asses Canada’s participation in world affairs
• 1914 - WWI - Britain all the way
• 1920 & 1930’s - away from Britain towards
U.S.A.
• 1939 - WWII - with Britain, but on our own
terms
• 1945 - 2000 - Cold War & New World Order goodbye Britain, hello U.S.A?, we are
sovereign? Middle Power!
International Developments
A. The United Nations
-Created by 50 countries
including Canada; April, 1945
4 Goals
-encourage cooperation among nations
-keep world peace/prevent war
-defend human rights/promote equality
-improve standard of living for all nations
Structure of the United Nations
Trusteeship Council
Security Council
-responsible for administering
self-governing territories
-responsible for world peace
-5 permanent members with VETO
(China, Russia, U.S.A., Britain, France)
-10 other members for 2 year terms
Economic & Social Council
General Assembly
Eg// WHO,UNESCO
One country = one vote
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