Transcript Appendix C - Ladder Safety Training/Powerpoint

Ladder Safety Training
Date:
Suzanne Reister – Workers’ Comp
Program Manager
Paula Vanderpool – Workers’ Comp
Program Assistant
Ladder Safety
• WAC 296-876 – Portable Ladders
– Training
– Ladder Care
– Composition/Materials
Ladder Safety
• Ladders manufactured before January 1,
2006 must meet the design and construction
requirements of ANSI (American National
Standards Institute).
• Your ladder should have a label indicating it
meets these requirements.
Portable Ladder Safety Introduction
• Ladders are important and essential tools that are
used widely in a variety of industries.
• They help us move up and down and work at
different heights.
• Portable ladders, in particular, are useful tools
because they can be readily moved or carried.
• They are simply built and come in many sizes,
shapes, and styles.
Ladder Safety – Condition/Inspection
• Condition and inspection
– Keep portable ladders in good, usable
condition.
• Joints between steps or rungs and side rails
are tight
• Rungs, cleats, or steps are not bent, broken or
split
• All bolts and rivets are in place and secure
• Hardware, fittings and accessories are
securely attached and working properly
• Ropes are not frayed or badly worn
Ladder Safety – Condition/Inspection
• Moveable parts operate freely without grinding or
excessive play
• Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment are not
excessively worn
• Metal components are not corroded
• There are no other faulty or defective
components
Ladder Safety
• Ladders need to be inspected as follows:
WHEN THE LADDER IS:
DO THE FOLLOWING:
First placed into service and
periodically while in service
Inspect the ladder for visible defects,
including, but not limited to:
-Working parts
and
-Rung or step connections to the side rails
Damaged by impact
or tips over
•Visually inspect the ladder for dents,
bends, cracks or splits
•Check:
•Rung or step connection to the side rails
•Hardware connections
•Rivets for shear damage
•All other components
Ladder Safety
• Ladders need to be inspected as follows:
Exposed to excessive
Heat such as a fire
•Visually inspect the ladder for
damage
•Test for deflection and strength
characteristics
•Using the “in-service use tests”
contained in the appropriate ANSI
•Exemption:
Job-made ladders……
Storage
• Ladder Storage
• DO
• Store ladders in dry, well ventilated areas with moderate
temperatures.
• Store ladders either vertically or horizontally with supports at
each end and in the middle.
• Identify unsafe ladders with tags.
• Remove defective or unsafe ladders from service immediately.
• DON'T
• Don't store anything on a ladder.
• Don't paint wooden ladders with paint, only with clear
preservatives, as paint can hide wear on the ladder.
Portable Ladders – Use/Abuse
• Although they are easy to use, they are
often misused or abused, causing
serious injuries and deaths. These
deaths and injuries could have been
significantly reduced or eliminated
with proper care and use.
At least one of these per year, is a fatality.
Varieties of Ladders
• To prevent injuries while using
portable ladders, you need to know
what kinds of ladders there are and
how to use them properly.
• There are various types, shapes, and
sizes of ladders to help you accomplish
your tasks.
Varieties of Ladders
Two Way Step Ladder
Platform Ladder
Extension Ladder – 2 person job
Orchard Ladder
Combination Ladder
Self-Supporting Ladders
• Portable self-supporting ladders can stand up
on their own.
• Standard stepladders have a front section
with steps for climbing and a back section
with two rear legs, which give them their
stability.
• They must be set up on firm, level
surfaces such as floors, platforms, and
slabs.
Self-Supporting Ladders
• The standard stepladder is non-adjustable
and has flat steps and a hinged back.
• It must have a metal spreader or locking
device strong enough to securely hold the
front and back sections in the open
position.
• The back section is cross-braced and you
must not use it for climbing.
Self - Supporting
• The ladder may also have a bucket
shelf which must be able to support a
load of 25 pounds.
• Standard stepladders are usually
intended for use by only one worker at
a time, unless otherwise specified on
the manufacturers' or other labels.
Non Self-Supporting
• Non-self-supporting ladders must be leaned
against a stable structure strong enough to
support the weight of the ladder, user, tools,
and materials being used by the worker on
the ladder.
• They are intended for use by only one
worker at a time.
• Commonly used non-self-supporting ladders
include single ladders and extension ladders.
Non Self– Supporting
• Single ladders are nonadjustable and
must never be tied or fastened
together to form a longer ladder.
• Sectional ladders, which consist of two
or more sections, are designed to be
combined together to function as a
single ladder
Portable Ladders - Falls
• You don't have to fall far to get
hurt. Workers injured in falls from
ladders are usually less than 10 feet
above the ladder's base of support.
Reasons for Falls
• Why do people fall from ladders if they are so
easy to use?
Setting up on an unstable or slippery base surface is
a primary reason ladders fall over.
Falls involve portable ladders that move, tilt, or
shift while a worker is climbing, descending, or
performing a task.
Standing on the top two rungs, which explicitly has
a warning label DANGER, do not do!
More Reasons for Falls
•
improperly getting onto or off of the ladder
•
loss of balance
•
setting up the ladder improperly
•
overreaching by the user
•
misstepping or a slipping of the foot while
climbing or descending
More Reasons for Falls
• Being bumped by a Cart or other
object
• Having a vehicle run into or bump you.
• People not paying attention to where
they're walking.
Ladder Safety - Prevention
• Make sure the ladder is not placed on ice,
snow, or other slippery surface unless the
ladder is prevented from accidental
displacement by:
– Securing it
– Providing the ladder with slip-resistant feet
•Make sure ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable
bases to obtain additional height
Ladder Safety - Prevention
• Protect ladders that are set–up in a location
where they could be displaced by workplace
activities or traffic by either:
– Securing the ladder to prevent accidental
displacement
– Or
– Using a barricade to keep the activities or
traffic away from the ladder
Ladder Safety - Prevention
• Protect ladders that are set-up in front of
doors that open towards the ladder by doing
at least one of the following:
– Block the door open
– Lock the door
– Guard the door to keep it from opening
into the ladder
Ladder Safety - Prevention
• Make sure ladders are not placed on boxes,
barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain
additional height
• Place a straight ladder so the side rails are
equally supported by the top support, unless
the ladder is equipped with a single support
attachment
• Make sure the top support of the ladder is
reasonably rigid and able to support the load
Ladder Safety - Prevention
• Climbing and descending:
– Have both hands free to hold on to the ladder, or at
least one hand.
– Face the ladder when climbing or descending
– Keep ladders free from oil, grease, or other slippery
materials
– Keep the area around the top and bottom of ladders
clear.
– Remove all items from ladder before moving it
– Make sure single-rail ladders are not used
Ladder Safety – Composition/Materials
• Fiberglass
• Aluminum/Metal
• Wood
– Besides having different ratings or load
capacities, ladders may be constructed of
various kinds of materials. Each material
has specific care, maintenance, and
storage requirements and may be
preferred for specific uses, or under
certain conditions.
Types of Composition
• WOOD
Stability
better because it is heavier
Durability
less – wears out faster
Strength to Weight Ratio good
Weather Resistance
not as good
Conductivity
non-conductive when
clean and dry
Types of Composition
• FIBERGLASS
Stability
less because it is lighter
Durability
better – material lasts longer
Strength to Weight Ratio high
Weather Resistance
better (not same conditions as wood)
Conductivity
non-conductive when clean and dry
(PREFERRED)
Types of Composition
• ALUMINUM
Stability
less – lightest of all
Durability
better
Strength to Weight Ratio high
Weather Resistance
better
Conductivity
conductive – do NOT use near
exposed electrical sources/in a storm
Composition - Aluminum
•
•
•
•
Electrocution Hazard
This Ladder Conducts Electricity
Do Not Use Around Electrical Equipment
or other equivalent wording
Do not use a metal ladder when working
around energy sources. Metal ladders must
be labeled with a DANGER warning sticker
indicating:
What NOT to do:
Wood, metal, and fiberglass ladders may also
have some specific construction requirements.
For example:
• Metal or Fiberglass
– must have slip or skid-resistant feet AND
steps or rungs that are corrugated, knurled,
dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or
treated to minimize possible slipping
Ratings
Duty Rating Ladder Type
Use
Maximum
intended
load
(pounds)
Extra Heavy –
Duty
IA
Industry,
utilities,
contractors
300
Heavy-Duty
I
Industry,
utilities,
contractors
250
Medium-Duty
II
Painters, offices,
light
maintenance
225
Light-Duty
III
General
household use
200
Ratings and Labels
• Although there are many different kinds of portable ladders, they all
receive a rating based on their maximum intended or working load the total weight that they can safely support. This includes the
weight of the worker, tools, and materials.
• Type I-AA - 375 lbs.
–
Special duty industrial use, such as CATV, utilities, contractors, and higher
capacity needs
• Type I-A -300 lbs.
–
Extra-heavy-duty industrial use, such as utilities and contractors
• Type I - 250 lbs.
–
Heavy-duty industrial use, such as utilities and contractors
• Type II - 225 lbs.
–
Medium-duty work, such as painting, offices for building maintenance,
and light industrial use
• Type III - 200 lbs.
–
Light duty work, such as household use
Ratings and Labels
• These ratings must meet certain
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) standards and they must be
indicated on the duty rating sticker or
manufacturer's label.
• ANSI requires that every ladder be
labeled with this information so users
can determine if they have the correct
type ladder for the task/job.
Information Contained on Labels
• Besides their ratings, labels and markings
found on manufactured ladders contain
product information, such as:
• Manufacturer's Name
• Ladder's Model Number/Name
• Month and Year of Manufacture
• Ladder's Size/Length, Maximum Working
Length, and
• Highest Standing Level
Help Yourself & Others
• Before you use a ladder, check its rating to
see if you have the right ladder for the
job. Be sure not to subject the ladder to a
work load greater than its rated
capacity. And, always read manufacturers'
labels and follow their recommendations.
Do yourself a favor and avoid a fall and
injury to yourself. If you see someone doing
it wrong, say something!
Warning labels
• Manufactured ladders have warning
markings and labels, such as "CAUTION"
and "DANGER," which are usually in red
or yellow.
• They often also have "SAFETY" labels
which give information on how to use
the ladders safely.
What NOT to do:
QUIZ
Ladder Safety Quiz
• You have to fall more than 15 feet
from a ladder before you get hurt.
Portable Ladder Safety
True
False
Workers injured in falls from ladders are usually
less than 10 feet above the ladder's base of support.
Portable Ladder Safety
Injuries involving falls from ladders
might be:
A) Reaching too far out away from the
ladder.
B) Misstep or slip of the foot while
climbing.
C) Setting up the ladder on an
unstable or slippery surface.
D) All of the above.
A ladder is rated according to
• A) its size
• B) how it is to be used
• C) the total weight that it can safely
support
• D) the kind of material it is made of
Labels
You don't need to read any of the
labels on a ladder for information other
than to find out the ladder's Type.
True
False