Transcript スライド 1 - ГУИМЦ

FIFTEEN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF THE YOUNG RESEARHERS
“Step into the future, Moscow”
Conference-hall BMSTU - CAD/CAM Room NTUT
March, 19, 2013
Modeling Production of Gear Pump
Using 3D CAD & 3D RP Modeling
「ギヤポンプの3Dモデルの設計を通して」
Aoki Sumiya
Tsukuba University of Technology
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Process Course
1
Self-introduction
Name：Sumiya Aoki
Date of birth：Feb.18,1991
Affiliation:
Faculty of Industrial Technology,
Mechanical Design and Manufacturing
Process Course,
Tsukuba University of Technology,
4rd Year Student
１．Research Background
①The research was done to achieve “High
Precision”( Fit Precision for assembling the
structure ) by minimizing dimensional errors
in the use of 3D Modeling Machine.
②It was revealed in the past lectures that there
are dimensional differences between CAD
drawings and the models produced.
③Hence, due consideration was given to the
precision of 3D structural models production.
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２．Objectives
①Participate in research regarding the
precision as the most important thing.
Understanding of precision and improvement
of CAD skills are indispensable for
mechanical engineers in future.
②Acquire knowledge required for competent
mechanical engineers.
③Understand and resolve current issues.
Improve the ability to cope with problems,
whenever they are recognized, and resolve
them.
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３．Gear Pump
Use：Pumping of oil like
kerosene, fuel oil A, etc.
Gear pump is driven by motor
with V-belt.
IN
OUT
モーターで駆動
Driven by motor
Fuel Oil
A重油
A
Helical Gear
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４．Methodology
■Measurement (Sketch) of Real Gear Pump
Real clearances were measured at the points of
fits, gear contacts, etc. 3D Coordinate Measuring
Machine and Surface Roughness Measuring
Instrument were used for measurement.
⇓
Clearance
■Design
IN drawings, while
The measurement results were reflected in 2D CAD
the dimensions were adjusted in 3D CAD drawings to improve the
precision of models produced by 3D Modeling Machine.
Feedback
■Evaluation in Design
Fit tolerances of models were evaluated by using the coordinate
measuring machine.
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OU
５．Result
Measurement Result of Surface Roughness
Ra 0.4
Ra 0.8
Ra 1.6
Ra 3.2
Ra 0.4
Ra 1.6～3.2
Ra 0.8
It was confirmed that the finished surface of drive shaft is smooth.
Ra 1.6
The surface roughness is Ra 0.2 to 0.6 in general.
（⑩：Surface roughness affects the performance of oil seals.Ra 3.2
Excessively smooth surface causes leakage while excessively
Ra 1.6～
rough surface causes friction. ）
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・Drive Shaft
Φ15.9483
Φ16.0109
Fit Tolerance
0.0626
Clearance
0.0045
35.9764mm
35.9809mm
Φ 50.0416
Φ 49.8274
・Gear
Fit Tolerance
0.2142
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Indication of Surface Roughness/Geometrical Tolerance
Surface Roughness
Roundness
Measurement Result
by Coordinate
Measuring Machine
Flatness
Geometrical tolerance is indispensable to improve the
precision of design drawing.
システム工学特別研究
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Issues on 3D Drawings ※
Dimensional Indications for 3D Models
It is hard to understand
internal dimensions.
※『The 19th Design Forum 「Manufacturing Using 3D Model Dataset (3D Drawing) ～ From R & D to
After Services ～」』（Public Corporation） Japan Society of Design Engineering、2012
①It is a common way to start from 2D design and move to 3D drawing
to develop 3D design. Particularly, it is preferable to prepare drawings
with appropriate indications of model dimensions through which
complicated structures are easily understandable.
②The more complicated is the structure, the more increased is the
dimensional information. Thus, it gets hard to understand the drawing.
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Gear Pump 2D Data of All 16 Components
Making of 3D Model
based on 2D Data
システム工学特別研究
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Definition of Fits
“Fits” means a state that a hole
and a shaft fit together.
Tight Fit
Transition
Fit
Free Fit
Example of Clearance
・Min. AD of Hole ＞ Max. AD of Shaft
（Allows: Insertion & Pulling-out and Rotation）
0.000mm～
0.034mm
・Intermediate between Free Fit and Tight Fit
（Allows: Insertion & Pulling-out only）
―0.015mm～
0.019mm
・Max. AD of Hole ＜ Min. AD of Shaft
（Allows: No Pulling-out once inserted）
―0.048mm～
―0.014mm
AD: Allowable Dimension
『New Edition JIS Mechanical
Drawing （The 4th Edition）』
Morikita Publisher & Co.12
Ltd.
Takeo Yoshizawa 2009
Features of 3D Modeling Machine
①Finished Dimension of Shaft and Hole
There is a tendency that finished dimensions
are bigger for Shaft and smaller for Hole than
design figures.
Support Material
②Installed Direction of Model
Roundness is better for Vertical Type
than that for Horizontal Type.
③With/Without Support Material
Without Support
☛
Attached Support Material
With Support
○（Small）
×（Big）
Attachment
△（Partially）
×（Totally）
Deformation
△（Rarely）
○（None）
Error
Plate
☛
システム工学特別研究
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Measurement Result of Modeling Error
6
5
軸/穴の直径グラフ
Vertical Type縦置き
: Diameter
of Shaft/Hole
4
3
20.400
＋0.4
2
1
20.300
＋0.3
20.200
＋0.2
1回目
【Error Range for Φ20.0】
Shaft・・・＋0.2～＋0.4
Hole・・・－0.3～－0.2
20.100
＋0.1
20.000
Φ20.0） 0
19.900
－0.1
2回目
3回目
4回目
＊Number of Times : 5 each
of 5回目
Measurement
＊各5回測定
19.800
－0.2
Average
平均
19.700
－0.3
S 10
H
軸
穴
五
番
目
S 12
H穴
軸
六
番
目
Sixth
S H
軸
穴
8
四
番
目
Fifth
S H
軸
穴
6
三
番
目
Fourth
H
軸S 穴
4
二
番
目
Third
S: Shaft
H: Hole
S H
軸
穴2
一
番
目
Second
0
First
19.600
－0.4
14
The dispersion of
data is wider and the
value of error is
smaller than those
for Horizontal Type.
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軸/穴の直径グラフ
Horizontal Type 横置き
: Diameter
of Shaft/Hole
20.400
＋0.4
20.300
＋0.3
20.200
＋0.2
1回目
20.100
＋0.1
2回目
【Error Range for Φ20.0】
Shaft・・・＋0.1～＋0.3
Hole・・・－0.4～－0.2
20.000
（Φ20.0） 0
19.900
－0.1
3回目
4回目
＊Number of Times : 5 each
of
Measurement
5回目
＊各5回測定
19.800
－0.2
平均
Average
19.700
－0.3
S 10
H
軸
穴
五
番
目
S
H穴
軸 12
六
番
目
Sixth
S H
軸
穴
8
四
番
目
Fifth
S 穴
H6
軸
三
番
目
Fourth
S 穴
H
軸
4
二
番
目
Third
S 穴
H2
軸
一
番
目
Second
S: Shaft
H: Hole
0
First
19.600
－0.4
The dispersion of
data is narrower and
14 the value of error is
bigger than those for
Vertical Type.
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【 Totalized Error Range 】
Shaft： ＋0.1～＋0.4
Hole： －0.4～－0.2
The above figures were adopted as the tolerance.
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Remodeling of Shafts and Holes
with Various Diameters
Based on the previous measurement results, modeling
was improved to optimize the fits of shaft and hole.
Diameter Measurement by 3D CAD
（6 Shafts and 6 Holes）
①Shaft φ19.9、φ19.8、φ19.7、φ19.6、φ19.5、φ19.4
②Hole φ20.2、φ20.3、φ20.4、φ20.5、φ20.6、φ20.7
Remodeling
Tests of fit tolerance were conducted for all
combinations of shafts and holes.
（Fits were confirmed by hand.）
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Test Result of Fit Tolerance
Difference between Diameters of Hole and Shaft
in 3D Design
＜With Trial Matching＞
Free Fit
す
き
間
ば
め
Transition
Fit
中
間
ば
め
Tight Fit
し
ま
り
ば
め
0.7mm or over
0.5（0.4）mm or over
0.5mm～0.6mm
0.3mm～0.4mm
0.3mm～0.4mm
0.1mm～0.2mm
Note）The above tolerances are
for a diameter of approx.Φ20.
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Pros and Cons
Pros
Cons
Vertical Type
Horizontal Type
・Good roundness
・No deformation
・Smooth finished surface
・Small value of error
・Easy cleaning of supports
・Time consuming for
supports cleaning
・Big value of error
・Wrinkles appear on the
surface to prevent the
fits.（※Trial matching is
needed.）
・Bad roundness
・Deformation occurs rarely.
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Modeling was done, after the fit
tolerance was considered in 3D
design.
xample＞
ase of a drive shaft with a diameter of
5.94, a half of fit tolerance (0.4mm)
reduced from the design diameter.
deling was done with a diameter of
5.74.
システム工学特別研究
20 20
Fits of Drive Shaft（Free Fit）
Φ15.9483
Φ16.0109
Φ15.7484
Real Object
Fit Tolerance
0.0626
Model
Fit Tolerance
0.1684
Φ15.9168
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Coordinate Measuring
Machine（XYZAX 600A）
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3D Scanner（PICZA）
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システム工学特別研究
Real Object (Grey)
during Measurement
Comparison Result (Subject)
between 3D CAD Data（Red）and
Real Object Scan Data （Grey）
Measurement by 3D Scanner 『COMET ５』
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６．Summary
①Optimum dimensional tolerances were
obtained to produce structural models by
3D Modeling Machine.
②Models of gear pump were produced
within the tolerances obtained.
③Further knowledge and skills on the use of
3D CAD and Coordinate Measuring Machine
were acquired through this research.
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