Transcript Slide 1

Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Canada
Robert Holmberg
Centre for Science
Athabasca University
Athabasca, Alberta
T9S 3A3, Canada
E-mail:
[email protected]
17th International Congress of Arachnology,
Brazil, 2007
Harvestmen as They Appear to Most People
Characteristics of Opiliones
• prosoma and
opisthosoma
broadly fused
• no venom nor
silk glands
• no extra-oral
digestion
• tracheal
respiration
• 3rd largest
arachnid order
Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Rilaena triangularis
from Hillyard & Sankey 1989
Characteristics of Opiliones
• 2 medial eyes
• palps leg-like,
swollen, or
raptorial
• chelate chelicerae
Palpatores, Sabaconidae:
Sabacon #1 by Nadine Duperre
Characteristics of Opiliones
• pair of scent glands
Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Phalangium opilio;
from Holmberg 1970
Characteristics of Opiliones
• sperm transfer by
penis
• females with
ovipositor
Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Oligolophus tridens
from V. Silhavy 1956
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains
Opiliones
BC AB
Triaenonychidae
Paranonychus brunneus
+
Sclerobunus robustus
+
Laniatores
Ischyropsalidae
Hesperonemastoma
modesta
+
Taracus sp.
+
+
Taracus sp. – very large chelicerae
Photo: D.J. Buckle
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains
(continued)
Opiliones
BC AB
Leptobunidae
Leptobunus parvulus
+
Leuronycus pacificus
+
Nemostomatidae
Dendrolasma mirabilis
+
Ortholasma pictipes
+
Dendrolasma mirabilis – hood area
Photo by Aldo Pelegrin
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains
(continued)
Opiliones
BC AB
Phalangiidae
Liopilio glaber
+
+
Odiellus pictus
+
+
Oligolophus tridens
+
Opilio parietinus
+
+
Paroligolophus agrestis
+
+
Phalangium opilio
+
+
Rilaena triangularis
+
Kakwa Wildland Park, Alberta, July 2006
Liopilio glaber and habitat
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains
(concluded)
Opiliones
BC AB
Sabaconidae
Sabacon occidentalis
+
Sabacon #1
+
+
Sclerosomatidae
Hadrobunus grandis
?
Leiobunum aldrichi
?
Leiobunum exilipes
?
Nelima paessleri
+
+
Togwoteeus biceps
+
+
19+
9
Totals (7 families)
Nelima
paessleri –
overwintering
behaviour
From Holmberg et al., 1984.
Opiliones of Canada – Central Plains
Opiliones
SK
MB
Odiellus pictus
+
+
Opilio parietinus
+
+
Phalangium opilio
+
+
+
+
Phalangiidae
Sclerosomatidae
Leiobunum calcar
Leiobunum
crassipalpe
+
Leiobunum vitattum
+
Togwoteeus biceps
+
Totals (2 families)
6
+
6
Distributions
& Habitats:
patchy
knowledge for
most species
Palpatores, Sclerosomatidae
Togwoteeus biceps; from
Holmberg & Cokendolpher, 1997
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East
Opiliones
ON
QC
Acropsopilio boopis
+
+
Caddo agilis
+
+
Caddidae
+
Caddo pepperella
Ceratolasmatidae
Crosbycus dasycnemus
+
Nemostomatidae
Nemastoma bimaculatum
+
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East
(continued)
Opiliones
ON QC
Phalangiidae
+
Mitopus morio
Odiellus pictus
+
+
Oligolophus tridens
+
Opilio parietinus
+
+
Phalangium opilio
+
+
+
+
Sabaconidae
Sabacon cavicolens
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East
(continued)
Opiliones
ON QC
Sclerosomatidae
Hadrobunus maculosus
+
Leiobunum aldrichi
+
+
Leiobunum bracchiolum
Leiobunum calcar
+
+
Leiobunum crassipalpe
Leiobunum elegans
+
Leiobunum flavum
Leiobunum formosum
+
+
+
+
+
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East
(concluded)
Opiliones
ON QC
Sclerosomatidae
Leiobunum nigripes
?
Leiobunum politum
+
+
Leiobunum ventricosum
+
+
Leiobunum verrucosum
+
Leiobunum vitattum
+
+
Totals (6 families)
17
18
Opiliones of Canada – Maritimes
Opiliones
NB NS PE NF
Caddidae
Acropsopilio boopis
Caddo agilis
+
+
+
+
Nemostomatidae
Nemastoma bimaculatum
+
Phalangiidae
Mitopus morio
+
+
Odiellus pictus
+
+
+
+
Oligolophus tridens
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Paraoligolophus agrestis
Phalangium opilio
+
+
+
Species
Introductions
to Canada
Female (above) and male (to
the right) of Phalangium opilio
Photo; D.J. Buckle
Introductions from Europe
Opiliones
Date
Location
Nemastoma bimaculatum <1977 Quebec
Oligolophus tridens
<1947 East & west coasts
Paroligolophus agrestis
<1950 East & west coasts
Rilaena triangularis
<1953 West & east coasts
Opilio parietinus
<1868 Across NA
Phalangium opilio
<1890 Across NA
Opilio parietinus female
Opiliones of Canada – Maritimes (concluded)
Opiliones
NB NS PE NF
Sabaconidae
Sabacon cavicolens
+
Sclerosomatidae
Leiobunum calcar
+
+
+
Leiobunum elegans
+
+
+
+
Leiobunum politum
Leiobunum ventricosum
+
Totals (5 families)
9
10
3
8
Opiliones of Canada – Northern Territories
Opiliones
YK NT NU
Phalangiidae
Liopilio yukon
+
Mitopus morio
+
Phalangium opilio
+
+
Totals (1 family)
2
1
1
Distribution of
Mitopus morio
Known Species of Opiliones
from Canada
Family
Species
Caddidae
3
Ceratolasmatidae
1
Ischyropsalidae
2
Leptobunidae
2
Nemostomatidae
3
Phalangiidae
10
Sabaconidae
3
Sclerosomatidae
16
Triaenonychidae
2
Total (9 families)
42+
Questions?
“Daddylonglegs of the Evening” by Salvador Dali