Transcript Ramayana: The Life of and Ancient Text in Modern India

Living in E & SE Asia
Ch. 28.1 & 31.1
Reminders!!!
 Monday:
 Environment
Terms due!
 Economics quiz
 Wednesday, 4/29: E & SE Asia Test
 Next Unit: Australia, Oceania & Antarctica!
Systems of Economics
Command Economy
Market System
 Everything controlled by
 Based on private
government
 No private ownership
(government owns all
businesses, etc.)
 North Korea, communist
nation
ownership—people can own
their own businesses
 Little to no government
interference
 Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
(democracies)
Mixed System: mix of both
 Some private ownership, but also government interference
 China (communist) & Mongolia (democracy) went from command
to mixed
Agriculture
Most countries: rural-based ag. urban-based industry
 China: communist changes since 1949
 Great Leap Forward organized farmers into large
farming communities (communes), but gov’t decided
which methods to use
  famine!
 Reversed in 1980s (smaller farms, profits) & farming
became more productive
Agriculture
 South Korea
Agriculture force = 12% of population
 Most work on small family farms
 Farm labor shortage because of movement to urban areas
  use of modern machinery, more efficient farming practices
 North Korea
 Agriculture = 25% of economy, 40% of workforce
 Organized into cooperatives, or farms jointly operated by
households
 Government-controlled crop production & distribution  short
supply

Agriculture
 Japan & Taiwan
 Largely industrialized, but
agriculture is still important
 Challenges:



Mountainous terrains (4/5 of
Japan!)
Income inequality (rural vs.
urban workers)
Adaptations





Terracing
Use of modern machinery
Fertilizers
Irrigation
Farmers receive financial
support from government
Industry
Level of
Development
Goods
Challenges
Japan
Post-industrial
Ships, cars, cameras, Global eco trouble
computers, consumer Lowering industrial
goods
prod, higher
unemployment
S. Korea
Post-industrial
Ships, steel
equipment, motor
vehicles
Econ. Problems
N. Korea
Falls behind competitors
Chemicals, heavy
machinery, military
equipment
Forced to trade with
non-Communist
countries
Taiwan
Fully industrialized
Textiles, plastics,
electronics
Global eco trouble
China
Continuing to rapidly
industrialize
Textiles, clothing,
footwear, toys,
plastics
Wealth gap, rise of
pollution &
unemployment
Industry
 Hong Kong & Macau



Hong Kong to China in
1997 (from British)
Macau to China in 1999
(from Portugal)
Effects:
 Both are major industrial
& trading centers 
wealth to China  China
prospers!!
 **Both Hong Kong &
Macau maintain a market
economy**
 Trading port in Hong Kong
Trade
Recently: more INTERDEPENDENCE (rely on one another)
 APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation


Goal: Fair trading among member counties is efficient & fair
Cannot achieve goals because there are still issues among
countries
 Trade
disputes
 Political differences (communism vs. democracy, ex.)
 China


Trade stumbling block: treatment of dissidents, or people who
speak out against the government
Harsh treatment of citizens  China improving on human rights
Qinghai-Tibet Railway
A way to connect Tibet to the
rest of China
 Response

China: it will lessen
Tibet’s isolation, boost
economy

Tibet: it will draw more
Chinese to Tibet and
dilute Tibet’s culture
Communications: Comparison
North Korea & China:
Communist!!
Japan, South Korea & Taiwan:
democracies
 Governments control
 Free press!
communications, news
media, and citizens’ access
to the internet
 In short…control &
censorship!
 Most own radios, TVs &
telephones
 Wide variety of information
available (via newspapers,
magazines & books)
Southeast Asia
Agriculture
Fertile river valleys & plains = source of livelihood.
GOOD FOR CROPS!
 Rice = major crop in Southeast Asia
 Good climate (warm & wet)+ fertile soil + H2O from irrigation
+ stored H2O = multiple crops each year!
 Done by hand because many people here do not have
machinery

Use knives, called “sickles”
Agriculture
Subsistence Farming
(small-scale)
 Farming just enough for
family, maybe a village—not
for export or profit!
 In this region…




Veggies
Pigs
Poultry
Cassava (edible root)
Cash Crops
(large-scale)
 Farming (or extracting
natural resources) with
profits/exporting in mind
 In this region…





Rubber
Coconuts
Coffee
Palm oil
Spices
Resources: Forestry & “Black Gold”
 Forestry (logging, etc.) is a major industry in SE Asia
 Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia & Philippines depend on lumber for
their economy
 Natural resources abundant, especially OIL
 Malaysia: petroleum & natural gas reserves
 Brunei: High GDP because of crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum
products; accounts for 95% exports!
 Indonesia: largest producer of petroleum


Was a part of OPEC until 2008
Islands developing because of building pipelines, which carry oil from
drilling sites to the coasts for shipping (export = $$)
Industry
Most countries in Southeast Asia are going from being
agricultural to fully industrialized
Others: not so much….why??






Wars in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia
Political changes in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia; instability in
Indonesia
Physical location: Laos is landlocked & must use agriculture—
hard to industrialize
Economic isolation in Myanmar  slow economic growth
Rapid population growth in Vietnam
Lack of skills/skilled workers in Indonesia & Cambodia
Interdependence: Most countries rely on each
other
ADB: Asian Development
Bank
ASEAN: Association of
Southeast Asian Nations
 Goal: support agriculture,
 Goals:
transportation, and
industrial development
projects


Promote economic growth
Encourage cultural exchanges
among member countries
 Provides cooperation for
 Provides international loans
to the economies of Asian
member countries
countries formerly @ odds
 (there is no full-on economic
or political unity, though!)
Strait of Malacca: shipping port!
Most shipping between Europe & East Asia passes
through here—near Singapore!
 This “choke point”
(strategic location) allows
Singapore to prosper as a
“free port”
 Place where goods can be
unloaded, stored, and
reshipped free of import
duties
Communication services
This newspaper is one of
the few available in
Cambodia
Rural areas are improving
because of satellites
TV & radio are
controlled by the
government in many
urban centers, but are
abundant (and free of
government!!) in
Singapore, Brunei &
the Philippines