Transcript Slide 1

School Funding: Facts and Figures
A library of PowerPoint slides compiled by
the Association of Metropolitan School Districts
Kevin Sampers, Research Director
651-999-7327
[email protected]
Research Library
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Section 1: General Education Funding Trends
Section 2: Special Education
Section 3: ELL/LEP/Language Diversity
Section 4: Child Poverty and Mobility
Section 5: Referenda
Research Library
Section 1: General Education Funding Trends
Return to Index Page
5,500
Basic Formula Allowance is Lagging Behind Inflation
5,000
Formula Gap
Net Formula Allowance
1,087
890
738
4,500
690
588
4,000
407
244
250
244
4,265
4,315
2007-08
2008-09
3,792
3,688
2004-05
3,105
1996-97
3,792
3,105
1995-96
2003-04
3,050
1994-95
3,792
3,050
1993-94
2002-03
3,050
1992-93
3,181
3,050
1991-92
3,000
3,427
138
3,260
62
329
3,584
255
221
3,974
297
318
4,165
235
3,500
2006-07
2005-06
2001-02
2000-01
1999-2000
1998-99
1997-98
2,500
School Year
Source: Minnesota House Research, "Education Funding: A History of Funding Increases and Reductions," March 2006, session documents, 2007.
Inflation measure used is the implicit price deflator (“IPD”), from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The formula gap represents the difference between the
net formula allowance and the 1991-2 funding levels adjusted for inflation.
Minnesota Per-Pupil Revenue Trends, FY1984-2006
Adjusted for Inflation
$5,500
$5,402
General Education Formula History 2008
$5,155
$5,000
$4,903
Net Formula Allowance
$4,736
(IPD) Inflation-Adjusted 1991-92 Funding Level
$4,664
$4,641
$4,532
(CPI) Inflation-Adjusted 1991-92 Funding Level
$4,500
$4,380
$4,238
$4,148
$4,199
19
98
-9
9
19
99
-2
00
0
20
00
-0
1
20
01
-0
2
20
02
-0
3
20
03
-0
4
20
04
-0
5
20
05
-0
6
20
06
-0
7
20
07
-0
8
20
08
-0
9
19
97
-9
8
19
96
-9
7
19
95
-9
6
19
94
-9
5
19
93
-9
4
19
92
-9
3
19
91
-9
2
$3,000
Source: Minnesota House Research, “School District Revenue History,” July 2007; AMSD analysis.
$4,315
$4,265
$4,165
$3,974
$3,792
$3,792
$4,058
$3,792
$3,584
$3,427
$3,260
$3,181
$3,050
$3,105
$3,500
$3,688
$4,036
$4,000
$4,366
2009 General Education Revenue per AMCPU
(Without Basic Education Aid)
3,500
REFERENDUM
OPER CAPITAL
TRANSITION
EQUITY
TRN & EXP
TRANSP SPAR
SPARSITY
LEP TOTAL
COMPENSATORY
EXTENDED TIME
GIFTED & TALENT
ONE TIME
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Greater MN
Districts < 500
AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts 500-1000
AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts 10002000 AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts >2000
AMCPU
Metro Districts Not
Mpls or St. Paul
Source: AMSD Analysis of Department of Education 2009 What If Report. AMCPU = Adjusted Marginal Cost Pupil Unit
Mpls & St. Paul
2009 General Education Revenue per AMCPU
(Without Basic Education Aid and Referendum Revenue)
2,500
OPER CAPITAL
TRANSITION
EQUITY
TRN & EXP
TRANSP SPAR
SPARSITY
LEP TOTAL
COMPENSATORY
EXTENDED TIME
GIFTED & TALENT
ONE TIME
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Greater MN
Districts < 500
AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts 500-1000
AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts 10002000 AMCPU
Greater MN
Districts >2000
AMCPU
Metro Districts Not
Mpls or St. Paul
Source: AMSD Analysis of Department of Education 2009 What If Report. AMCPU = Adjusted Marginal Cost Pupil Unit
Mpls & St. Paul
FY 2009 General Ed Funding for AMSD Districts Per AMCPU: Aid and Levy
(Ranked Among Minnesota’s 343 School Districts)
Num
271
286
191
112
272
273
728
14
270
199
832
1.2
276
621
622
278
280
281
196
623
720
6
16
282
283
625
284
197
District
BLOOMINGTON
BROOKLYN CENTER
BURNSVILLE
CHASKA
EDEN PRAIRIE
EDINA
ELK RIVER
FRIDLEY
HOPKINS
INVER GROVE
MAHTOMEDI
MINNEAPOLIS
MINNETONKA
MOUNDS VIEW
NORTH ST. PAUL-M
ORONO
RICHFIELD
ROBBINSDALE
ROSEMOUNT-APPLE
ROSEVILLE
SHAKOPEE
SOUTH ST. PAUL
SPRING LAKE PARK
ST. ANTHONY-NEW
ST. LOUIS PARK
ST. PAUL
WAYZATA
WEST ST. PAUL
Aid / AMPCU
$
5,534
$
6,737
$
5,736
$
5,426
$
5,465
$
5,206
$
5,509
$
6,067
$
5,571
$
5,397
$
5,288
$
7,143
$
5,358
$
5,611
$
5,746
$
5,215
$
6,239
$
5,695
$
5,389
$
5,590
$
5,624
$
5,891
$
5,569
$
5,718
$
5,647
$
7,178
$
5,411
$
5,553
Aid Rank
292
61
244
318
312
338
301
162
282
324
333
33
330
275
239
337
127
252
326
278
271
205
285
247
265
31
320
289
Levy /
AMPCU
$
1,313
$
448
$
1,804
$
1,284
$
1,531
$
1,787
$
802
$
1,100
$
1,841
$
1,133
$
1,201
$
1,222
$
2,029
$
1,790
$
1,192
$
1,500
$
1,378
$
1,119
$
1,263
$
1,806
$
836
$
1,001
$
1,098
$
1,147
$
1,884
$
954
$
1,711
$
1,446
Levy Rank
28
219
11
30
17
13
103
49
9
46
40
37
5
12
41
20
26
47
32
10
95
61
50
44
6
67
14
21
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, WhatIf 2009, AMSD analysis.
Total Rev /
AMPCU
$
6,848
$
7,185
$
7,540
$
6,711
$
6,997
$
6,993
$
6,312
$
7,168
$
7,412
$
6,529
$
6,489
$
8,365
$
7,387
$
7,401
$
6,938
$
6,715
$
7,618
$
6,814
$
6,651
$
7,396
$
6,460
$
6,893
$
6,667
$
6,865
$
7,532
$
8,132
$
7,122
$
6,999
Total Rank
138
95
57
165
117
118
264
98
66
208
221
18
70
68
124
164
52
142
181
69
227
127
177
136
59
27
102
116
Minnesota Per-Pupil Revenue Trends, FY1984-2006
Adjusted for Inflation
$12,000
$11,000
$10,000
$9,000
Total Revenue
$8,000
$7,000
Without Building Debt Service
and Special Education
$6,000
Inflation Adjusted
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
$2,000
Source: Minnesota House Research, “School District Revenue History,” July 2007; AMSD analysis.
Since State “Takeover” in 2002,
Local Share of Total Revenue Has Increased
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
Local
State
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
Source: Minnesota House Research, January 2007.
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
1999-2000
1998-9
1997-8
1996-7
1995-6
1994-5
0.0%
Minnesota’s Rank in Education Spending Relative
to $1,000 of Personal Income Has Plunged Since 1992
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
0
10
20
30
Total Spending
Total Instruction
General Admin
School Admin
40
50
Source: U.S Census Bureau: Public Education Finances Reports, fiscal years 1992-2005. 2005 is the most recent available.
Minnesota’s Spending Per $1,000 of Personal Income
Has Plunged Since 1992
Spending Per $1,000 Personal
Income
$35.0
$30.0
Total
Instruction
$25.0
Salaries Only
$20.0
Benefits Only
$15.0
$10.0
General
Administration
$5.0
School
Administration
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
$0.0
Fiscal Year
Source: U.S Census Bureau: Public Education Finances Reports, fiscal years 1992-2005. 2005 is the most recent available.
Minnesota Property Tax Rank Now Close to Average
1995
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
0
5
Rank Among 50 States
10
15
20
25
Homestead $150K
Commercial $1 Million
Industrial $1 Million
Apartments $600K
30
35
40
45
Source: Minnesota Taxpayers Association, “50-State Property Tax Comparison Study, Payable Year 2006,” viii.
Example of How Declining Enrollment Affects a Metro School
District: Revenue Change Due to Enrollment Decline
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
10,734
73,049,744
10,466
73,823,339
1.0%
10,256
75,197,234
1.9%
10,734
73,049,744
10,734
75,166,698
2.8%
10,734
78,219,810
4.0%
-1,343,359
-3,022,576
Projection
Enrollment Est.
General Ed. Rev.
% Change
Simulation
Enrollment
General Ed. Rev.
% Change
Revenue Change
Example of How Declining Enrollment Affects a Metro School
District: Expenditure Reductions due to Enrollment Decline
2005-06
Enrollment Est.
Change
Student/Teacher Ratio
Staff Reduction
Beginning Teacher Compensation
Cost Savings (10.5 x $45,000)
Revenue Loss
Net Loss
10,734
2006-07
10,466
-268
25:1
10.7
$45,000
$481,500
$1,343,359
$858,359
Truth in Funding: The 2008 Legislature
Total Funding Increase from Prior Year
7.00%
6.29%
6.00%
One time Funding
Special Education
General Education
0.77%
5.00%
2.38%
4.00%
3.00%
2.44%
0.68%
2.00%
3.14%
0.62%
0.52%
1.14%
0.00%
0.66%
-0.14%
1.00%
-1.37%
-1.57%
-3.00%
Source: Minnesota House Research; AMSD analysis.
FY
20
10
FY
20
09
FY
20
08
-2.00%
FY
-1.00%
20
11
0.21%
-0.41%
0.00%
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Section 2: Special Education
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Special Education Cross Subsidy was Reduced,
but, is Still Significant and Growing
$550
$ Millions
$500
$450
$400
$350
$300
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Fiscal Year
Source: Dr. Tom Melcher, “2007 Education Act, Finance Provisions,” address to MASBO legislative conference, June 7, 2007. The cross subsidy
represents the funding districts devote to meeting state and federal special education mandates, using general education (core program) dollars.
Special Education Enrollments Are Increasing
State K-12 Special Education
110,000
13.5%
Special Education
% Special Education
13.0%
105,000
12.5%
100,000
106,637
105,336
103,911
103,516
101,923
100,630
99,727
98,089
96,322
90,000
93,362
95,000
102,952
12.0%
11.5%
11.0%
10.5%
85,000
10.0%
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
06-07
07-08
Special Education Cross-Subsidy FY 2007 (Latest Available)
(Amount shifted from District’s General fund to cover Special Education costs not covered by the State)
District District
Number Name
271 Bloomington
286 Brooklyn Center
Adjusted Net
District District
Cross Subsidy* Per WADM
$6,243,328
$514
Adjusted Net
Number Name
Cross Subsidy* Per WADM
1,483,311
413
832 Mahtomedi
885,064
440
1 Minneapolis
44,408,735
1,092
191 Burnsville
9,407,235
782
276 Minnetonka
4,573,989
508
112 Chaska
5,154,224
510
621 Mounds View
6,553,667
554
272 Eden Prairie
6,222,641
548
622 North St. Paul-Maplewood
6,276,617
456
273 Edina
4,608,124
529
278 Orono
1,424,526
472
728 Elk River
8,022,734
594
280 Richfield
2,765,795
574
14 Fridley
1,642,316
549
281 Robbinsdale
6,837,734
439
270 Hopkins
4,392,151
471
196 Rosemount-Apple Valley - Eagan
21,184,278
659
199 Inver Grove
9,407,235
782
623 Roseville
3,713,126
490
720 Shakopee
3,697,057
544
1,537,254
403
2,198,707
417
489,995
244
2,702,484
544
* Calculation of Adjusted Net Cross-Subsidy:
6 South St. Paul
16 Spring Lake Park
Special education expenditures
282 St. Anthony-New Brighton
Less: Categorical revenues
283 St. Louis Park
Less: General ed revenue attributable to special ed students
625 St. Paul
43,046,042
935
284 Wayzata
4,637,549
402
197 West St. Paul
3,613,703
684
served more than 60% outside of regular classroom.
= Adjusted Net Cross-Subsidy
AMSD Total
$217,129,621
State Total
$548,363,835
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Special Education Cross-Subsidy Report by District, February 2007. The cross subsidy represents the funding
districts devote to meeting state and federal special education mandates, using general education (core program) dollars.
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Section 3: English Language Learners (“ELL”)
and Language Diversity
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The Number of ELL Students Statewide Has Increased Over 131% Since 1998
State K-12 Limited English Proficiency
70,000
8.0%
Limited English Proficiency
% Limited English Proficiency
60,000
7.0%
6.0%
50,000
5.0%
10,000
31,576
26,936
62,626
61,709
57,665
56,829
51,275
47,963
44,360
20,000
35,810
30,000
53,507
40,000
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
-
0.0%
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
06-07
07-08
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Fall Population data, 2006-7 school year (latest available).
06-07
05-06
04-05
03-04
18,382
19,803
21,102
30,646
29,920
29,146
29,791
24,020
22,571
16,698
31,122
29,776
14,834
13,037
31,064
30,641
11,409
10,266
48,433
47,246
46,652
46,211
45,464
44,986
43,769
41,394
40,485
39,429
37,088
34,196
80,000
02-03
01-02
00-01
99-00
29,421
27,782
9,163
8,025
31,748
29,281
26,724
185,891
98-99
97-98
25,393
23,558
7,082
6,287
5,611
24,303
60,000
96-97
95-96
21,919
20,474
18,918
5,028
17,618
23,446
21,569
Black
Hispanic
Asian Pacific Islander
American Indian
White
94-95
93-94
92-93
91-92
4,710
16,981
4,360
20,171
100,000
90-91
15,775
3,981
40,000
89-90
13,993
20,000
88-89
ELL Students Growing as Percentage of Total Enrollment,
Particularly in Metropolitan Area
120,000
AMSD Districts - Demographics
210,000
206,284
200,000
190,000
180,000
170,000
160,000
150,000
Number of Languages Spoken at Home
by Minnesota’s Students Continues to Rise
100
94
95
Languages Spoken
90
85
85
80
75
70
65
97
68
68
1998
1999
70
76
76
77
2002
2003
2004
73
65
60
55
50
1997
2000
2001
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, analysis of MARSS data, 1996-7 to 2006-7.
2005
2006
2007
ELL Funding Outpaced By ELL Enrollment
70,000
60,000,000
60,000
50,000,000
40,000,000
40,000
30,000,000
30,000
LEP Funding
LEP Enrollment
50,000
ELL Enrollments
ELL Funding
20,000,000
20,000
10,000,000
10,000
0
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Fiscal Year
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, WhatIf Interactive School Funding Model, 1999-2007; Fall Population Counts, 1998-9 to 2006-7.
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Section 4: Poverty and Mobility
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Between 1998 and 2007, the Number of Students Receiving Free and ReducedPrice Lunch Increased by 17.5%
State K-12 Free & Reduced Lunch
300,000
35.0%
Reduced Lunch
Free Lunch
62,537
60,920
61,437
60,464
62,041
62,889
63,540
63,633
62,805
59,137
200,000
% Free & Reduced Lunch
62,870
30.0%
250,000
25.0%
20.0%
150,000
199,186
194,656
190,900
184,201
176,133
161,124
154,665
156,407
160,547
163,147
100,000
168,181
15.0%
50,000
10.0%
5.0%
-
0.0%
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
Source: MDE Fall Enrollment Reports, K-12, 1997-8 through 2006-7 school years.
06-07
07-08
Number of Schools Statewide
With Specified Levels of Mobility, 2006-7
700
596
600
500
384
400
276
300
227
200
166
109
100
0
0-5%
5-10%
10-15%
15-20%
20-30%
Source: Minnesota Department of Education. Students are counted as mobile if they are counted in MDE categories 1-3
(summer transfers in, mid-year transfers in, mid-year in-district transfers). Charter schools not included.
30%+
AMSD Schools Experiencing Continued Increases in Mobile Students as a
Proportion of Enrollment
6.0%
14.67%
7.26%
8.0%
12.80%
10.30%
10.0%
12.50%
12.0%
12.00%
14.0%
13.87%
16.00%
16.0%
17.97%
18.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
1997-98 1998-99
19992000
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-6
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, Mobility Reports by District.
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Section 5: Referenda
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The Percent of Districts with Operating Referendum has Grown Significantly
100.0%
Percent of Districts with Levies
89.2%
90.0%
90.0%
80.0%
78.1%
68.1%
70.0%
65.0%
60.0%
50.0%
47.1%
40.0%
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Note: The dip in 2003 was caused by a conversion of $415 in referendum authority to $415 in the basic formula.
Sources: 1) Crowe, Greg “A History of the School Operating Levy Referendum,” Money Matters, December 2002. Fiscal Analysis Department, Minnesota House of Representatives.
2) Minnesota Department of Education, department of Program Finance.
Operating Referenda Passage Rates Ebb and Flow
250
80.0%
Districts Holding
Referenda
70.0%
Districts Passing at
Least One
Referendum
200
50.0%
Districts
150
40.0%
100
30.0%
20.0%
50
10.0%
0
0.0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Election Year
Source: Minnesota Department of Education, department of program finance.
Passage Rate
60.0%
School Funding: Facts and Figures
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the Association of Metropolitan School Districts
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