Transcript Sedentary Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk

Sedentary Lifestyle
Are We So Lazy That It’s Killing Us?
Outline
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Recommended activity levels
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Some statistics & facts
Overview of Health Consequences
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Benefits & risks
The Evidence
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What is “sedentary?”
Sedentary Lifestyle is an Independent Risk Factor
for Cardiovascular Disease & Mortality
What Can Be Done?
Center for Disease Control and
American College of Sports Medicine
Recommend:
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30 min/day of moderate intensity
exercise 5 days per week
 Or, vigorous intensity for minimum
of 20 min/day on 3 days per week
Look Familiar?
Sedentary lifestyle or physical
inactivity is a lack of meeting these
recommended levels
Population
Group
National Statistics
(Health People 2010)
Adults
40% do not participate in
any leisure activity
Adults
High School
Students
61% are obese or
overweight
35% do not participate in
vigorous physical activity
Children (2-18
years old)
Average 4 hours/day being
sedentary (TV, computers)
US households
Take 12 auto trips/day; 1/4
are less than a mile
2005 Prevalence of Recommended Physical Activity
It’s Crazy to be Lazy…
“Physical inactivity contributes substantially
to the global burden of disease, death and
disability.”
 WHO:
~ 2 million deaths per year
Positive Health Effects
Cardiovascular disease
 Overweight & obesity
 Diabetes
 Cancer
 Musculoskeletal health
 Psychological well-being
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Reduction of CVD Risk
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Greatest benefit of physical activity
Inactive people have 2x risk vs active
Prevents stroke
Improves CVD associated
risk factors
Sedentary Lifestyle and
Cardiovascular Fitness
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Most reliable index of physical activity
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Define “Cardiorespiratory Fitness”
Decrease in Cardiorespiratory Fitness
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Powerful Predictor
Cardiovascular Disease
 Mortality
 Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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Overweight & Obesity
“Ex-Ur-Size!”
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Dramatic increase in prevalence over last
20 years (Remember last week?)
Energy intake>>>total energy expenditure
Physical activity  weight loss
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Decreases risks of obesity
Health benefits independent of weight
loss!!
Diabetes
Increasing prevalence in U.S.
 Usual onset after age 40
 Emerging in children…
 Evidence: 30% lower risk in active
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Moderate and vigorous activity levels
Cancer
 Physical
 Colon
activity 
cancer risk
 Breast cancer
 Prostate cancer?
Musculoskeletal Health
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Regular physical activity
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Reduces age decline
Strength and flexibility
Reduces risk of falls & hip fractures
Weight-bearing activities
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Prevents osteoporosis
Psychological Well-Being
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Physical activity
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Reduces symptoms of
depression, and possibly
stress, & anxiety
Positive self image and selfesteem
Increases social interaction
Builds social skills among
children
Improves quality of life
THE EVIDENCE FOR
EXERCISE…
The European Youth Heart
Study
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Cross-sectional
1732 randomly chosen 9 and 15 year olds
Physical activity on cardiovascular risk
factors in children
4 levels of physical activity
Results:
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OR of 3.29
Independent of weight status!!!
The Health and Retirement
Study
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Pre-retirement aged U.S. adults
Relationship between physical activity and
mortality across socioeconomic and CVD
risk groups
Results:
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OR = 0.62
Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, obesity,
cancer, health status, income, and CVD risk
Kuopio Ischemic Heart
Disease Risk Factor Study
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1069 Finnish men
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Increased risk of “Metabolic
Syndrome”
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Strong predictor of cardiovascular
mortality
Study conclusion:
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Sedentary lifestyle is actually a
“feature” of MS
Summary
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Physical activity:
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Many benefits…
Decreases cardiovascular risk factors
Independent of weight loss
Physical activity is an independent predictor
of mortality…
Leanness ≠ invincible
Focus for Change
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Individual attitudes
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Micro environment
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Belief in abilities
Conduciveness of activity at work &
home
Macro environment
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Socioeconomic culture & environment
How to Avoid Death
(Or At Least Postpone It)
Daily walks
 Take the stairs
 Gardening
 Cycling, swimming, sports
 You get the idea…
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REFERENCES
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Kahlmeier et al. Physical actvity and health in Europe:
evidence for action, World Health Oranization, 2006
Lakka, et al. Sedentary Lifestyle, Poor Cardiorespiratory
Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome, Medicine &
Science in Sports & Exercise, March 2003
Richardson, et al. Physical Activity and Mortality across
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Groups
WHO website
CDC website