Transcript Titolo - Leonardo Energy

Transformer Population &
Efficiency Levels
in the Italian Market
Francesco Colla
ANIE Federazione Nazionale Imprese
Elettrotecniche ed Elettroniche
The Distribution Transformer Sector is part of the largest
industrial compartment of investment goods and its market
is roughly split in two equal parts as follows :
•Utilities (ENEL, Local utilities..)
•Private market (Industries, Public services..)
The utilities privilege the concept of quality whereas the
private market is exclusively oriented on low prices and
short delivery terms.
Due to the decrease in the ENEL demand in the past 3
years (-30%)
The Italian manufacturers are approximately 70 (about 15 are
homologated ENEL suppliers) and they cover quite
completely the national need.
The total number of employers are about 2500 (including
sub-suppliers), with a consolidated revenue of 300 Billion
Itl/year.
Due to the decrease in the ENEL demand in the past 3 years
(-30%) they are compensating by expanding towards the
foreign market and, regardless of this, we register a loss in
occupation of 30 % (about 800 people)
Distribution transformers are among the most important
components of distribution network and have high influence on
the continuity and quality of service.
The power of Distribution Transformers ranges from
50 to 2500 kVA.
The transformer active part is composed by:
•Magnetic core
•Copper or aluminium windings
•Insulating medium (oil or resin)
The percentage of oil immersed Distribution Transformer over
the total population today, is about 80 %.
Primary
winding
Secondary
winding
Magnetic
core
Production System
The transformer type production range (power and
efficiency) is very vast. Therefore is not convenient for
the manufacturers to invest in standard automation.
Consequently manufacturers possess equipment and
machinery necessary to produce the many types of
transformers.
This construction implies a high number of qualified
workmanship.
Distribution Transformers Population Analysis
At present Distribution Transformer population in
Italy implies about 600.000 units as indicated in the
below table
Utilities
standard losses
Utilities
reduced losses
Private
high losses
Total
Transformers
N°
170.000
Average unit power
kVA
250
Total Power
MVA
42.500
170.000
630
42.500
260.000
163.800
600.000
248.800
Presently about 430.000 transformers (260.000
Private plus 170.000 Utilities) have higher losses than
that indicated on Standard CEI 14-13 Table B
Reduced Losses.
Besides a part of them is polluted by PCB
Rated
Power
kVA
50
100
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
2000
2500
CEI 14-13 Table A
Standard losses
No load Load
Sound
losses
losses
level
W
W
dB(A)
List A’ List A
190
1100
55
320
1750
59
460
2350
62
650
3250
65
930
4600
68
1300
6500
70
1700
10500
73
2600
17000
76
3200
22000
79
3800
26500
81
CEI 14-13 Table B
Reduced losses
No load Load
Sound
losses
losses
level
W
W
dB(A)
List B’ List C
150
850
46
250
1400
48
360
1850
50
520
2600
52
740
3650
54
900
5600
56
1330
9000
58
2090
13000
60
2400
16000
62
3040
21000
64
List A’, A, B’ and C, are in line with the losses indicated in
the tables of CENELEC Document HD 428.1 S1
In particular the List C of load losses has the lowest values,
and for no-load losses exist the List C’ with values reduced by
about 20% in comparison with List B’
Taking in to account the recommendation of the Kyoto
protocol, ANIE evaluated among others the possible
opportunities that the transformer manufacturers may
achieve.
By substituting the above 430.000 transformers having
standard and high losses with transformer with reduced
losses, the energy saving is about 2.000.000 MWh that,
taking into account a ratio coefficient between energy and
mass of about 0,5, means 1.000.000 t of CO2 , with a
reduction of about 0,23% of the total emission calculated
in Italy in 1990 (438 Mt).
Since the market is price-oriented and unfortunately not
yet total cost-oriented.
It is necessary to give incentives to the market, and
impose by law adequate regulations.
The lack of economic incentives to the market will render
the substitution of the present population very slow
(about 30/40 years).
Otherwise the efficiency improvement is useless in the
near future.