George Büttner et al.: Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing (FÖMI) Remote Sensing Centre Budapest, Hungary

[email protected]

Construction of a large scale (1:50k) land cover database in Hungary

Contents: The EU CORINE Land Cover in Hungary Applications, the need for a better national database Technical solutions Results

GSDI 6 Conference "From Global to local" September 16-19, 2002 Budapest, Hungary

Why Land Cover is needed?

• Quantitative basis to develop a sustainable land use systems • A basic data layer in any environmental modelling: hydrology, flood protection soil erosion agriculture regional development, integrated environmental assessment telecommunication …..

• There is a need for standardised data sets in order to model trans boundary phenomena and foster international cooperation

Why to use Remote Sensing?

Topographic map (1975)

Tuzla (B-H)

IRS-1C & SPOT Pan (1998)

CORINE Land Cover

CORINE = Co-ordination of Information on the Environment

Land cover: biophysical coverage of the Earth’s surface (changes > 1 year)

• project initiated by the European Commission • working scale - 1 : 100 000 • minimum mapping unit: 25 ha • 28 countries are involved, 4.43 million km 2 Purpose: To provide quantitative, consistent and comparable information on land cover CLC in Europe: • Support from various European programmes • 26 countries (1985-1998) • an update has started (CLC2000)

CORINE Land Cover - methodology

Input : Landsat TM satellite image photomaps (scale 1 : 100 000) Method: Visual interpretation with computer assistance, use of ancillary information (maps, air-photos), field checking Output: Digital database including 44 categories in five groups: - artificial surfaces - agriculture - forest and semi-natural vegetation - wetlands - water bodies The “BIBLE”: CORINE Land Cover Technical Guide (1994)

Major applications of CORINE Land Cover

Support: CLC100:1993-1997 CLC50: MoARD and ???? (1999-????) •

Crop mapping and yield forecast (FÖMI)

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Regional planning (VÁTI)

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Development of EU-conform land-use strategy (U. Gödöllő)

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Catchment based environment modelling (FÖMI-Vituki Consult)

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Flood protection planning (VITUKI Consult)

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Nature protection (MoE)

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Telecommunication network panning (Mannessmann, Ericsson)

CORINE Land Cover - Hungary

Application in regional crop monitoring

Aims: • identification of crops based on high resolution, multitemporal satellite imagery • providing thematic crop maps • crop area measurement Nográd Győr-Moson-Sopron Vas Zala      Komárom-Esztergom Veszprém       Fejér    Budapest Pest                        Baranya          Bács-Kiskun   Heves     Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén  Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg                  Hajdú-Bihar     Jász-Nagykun-Szolno    k                        

Partial data of the farms Additional ground survey

Contractor: Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Development (an operational activity) Implemented by: FÖMI Method: supervised classification of satellite images The CORINE Land Cover database is used to mask non-arable land areas out of the classification

NEEDS FOR DETAILED LAND COVER

To support Hungary’s accession to the EU:

• Planning sustainable land use (e.g. converting arable land to grassland and forest land) • Integrated landuse management for landscape, soil and hydrological conservation areas • Network of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (agri-environment protection) • Rural development • Habitats Directive (nature protection) Legal background: 2339/1996.(XII.6) Government Resolution

CLC50 preparations

• Acquisition of SPOT-4 imagery for the entire country, summer 1998-99 • High precision orthorectification: RMSE<10 méter • Nomenclature development (national needs, EU compatibility) • Development of a computer assisted photointerpretation tool (ArcView/ InterView)

Comparison of CLC100 and CLC50

Eger NE Hungary 1 : 100 000 •Better geometrical resolution •Better thematic resolution •More precise delineation •Actual (1998/99)

1 : 50 000

CLC50 processing chain

Data preparations (FÖMI) Photointerpretation (team) Internal quality control (FÖMI) Field work (team) External quality control (nature protection, agricultural inspectorate) Data integration (FÖMI)

CLC50 - NOMENCLATURE

1. Artificial surfaces (26 items):

Residential, industrial, commercial, traffic, mines, dumps, construction, parks, cemeteries, sport, leisure, recreation

2. Agriculture (21 items):

Arable land (small / large fields), irrigated arable land, greenhouses, rice fields, vineyards, orchards, berries, hop plantations, intensive pastures with / without trees and shrubs, agricultural mosaics, farmsteads, agriculture with natural formations (5 types)

3. Forests and semi-natural vegetation (22 items)

Broadleaved / coniferous / mixed forests with continuous / discontinous canopy; on dry / wet area; forest plantations; natural grassland with / without trees and shrubs; young stands and clearcuts; bushy woodlands; nurseries, damaged forests, bare rocks, sparse vegetation on sand/ rocks/ salines; burnt areas

4. Wetlands (4)

Fresh water marshes, saline-alkaline marshes; explored / unexplored peat bogs

5. Water bodies (6)

Rivers, channels, permanent lakes, salt affected lakes; reservoirs, fish ponds

COMPUTER ASSISTED PHOTOINTERPRETATION

Aims: optimal combination of capabilities of human expert and computer

• easy zoom of imagery • application of multitemporal imagery • precise delineation of polygons • easy corrections • automatic checking of polygon codes • automatic checking of polygon geometry (area, average width) • possibility to use comments and remarks on polygon level (a tool for „discussion”) • on-line nomenclature • controlled conversion into polygon topology • data exchange via e-mail

Realisation: ArcView 3.1/3.2 macro package (InterView)

PHOTOINTERPRETATION - an example

PHOTOINTERPRETATION example of a multitemporal imagery

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Separation of annual crops and plantations

Multitemporal imagery - an example

SPOT-4: 1998 Temporal dynamics supports identification Landsat TM: 1990

INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL

• Remarks on polygon level in file (errors, uniform understanding of nomenclature) • Printed protocol

Status of CLC50 (December 2002)

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RESULTS

Budapest

RESULTS

Balaton

Thanks for your attention !

Aggtelek National Park