Transcript We are children of the galaxy

THE UNIVERSE AND THE SPACE
INDUSTRY
The presentation is made by students of the 10 V grade
Teacher of economics in English:
Rafalskaya Irina Vladimirovna
Galaxy… Planets, stars,
satellites, asteroids. A lot to
discover, a lot to understand.
GOD created the Universe. And
HE allows us to investigate the
Space: planets, stars and
satellites.
The Earth is the only one planet
where a man can live. But an
unknown world of the Space is
very attractive for researches
and investigations.
Sergey Korolev, the most famous
Soviet space scientist, the
developer of the Soviet space
vehicles and devices.
The first manned spacecraft was
sent to the Space on the
4/12/1961 from the Soviet Union
territory. And it was successful. It
managed to orbit our planet. And
it was called Vostok. It was
launched from spaceport
Baikonur. And everybody on the
Earth understood that the Soviet
Union held a victory in the Space
race between the United States
of America and the USSR.
And he said: Poekhaly!
Yuri Gagarin is the first man who
saw the Earth and told how
beautiful it looked from Cosmos.
Yuri became a national hero in the
Soviet Union. He was chosen
among several perfect
cosmonauts. Not only because of
his professional skills but because
he was smart , handsome and cute
as well. According to the
marketing strategy of the USSR
government: the first man in the
Space, consequently, the national
hero had to be good-looking and
intelligent to be interviewed by
foreign journalists and politicians.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umY92y25DrA
After the decline of the USSR
Russia lost the spaceport
Baikonur. Today this territory
belongs to Kazakhstan.
It was opened in1955. Manned
and unmanned space crafts
were launched from there. Now
Russia pays for its rent 115mln
dollars every year. From 2018
Kazakhstan plans to utilize it as
their own facility in a
cooperation with the EU and
Israel. Russia has the second
spaceport called Plesetsk, but it
is used only for launching
unmanned space vehicles.
Roscosmos is the government
space agency responsible for the
Russian space science program
and general aerospace research.
The Russian government and our
Federal Space Agency
“Roscosmos” plan to construct a
new modern spaceport
Vostochniy in the Amur oblast
(the Far East) in 2018 and leave
Baikonur forever. Vostochniy will
be used for manned and
unmanned space expeditions.
Russian Federation will spend on
its construction and development
300 bln dollars.
Roscosmos head office is located
in Moscow. Main mission control
space flight operations is located
in a nearby city of Korolev.
Cosmonauts training center in Star
City.
Roscosmos is currently involved
in several major space programs
now: Moon program and LunaGlob space device construction;
Venus program and Venera D
space complex construction; ExoMars program in cooperation with
NASA. Our space devices are
used on Mars-Odyssey space
vehicle (USA). Our scientists
participate in researches of
Venus and Mars with American
and European colleagues.
Russian cosmonauts plan to
investigate the Sun and take
ground probes from Mars.
Unluckily, the first attempt to do it
with Fobos-Grunt space device
was unsuccessful. Nevertheless,
our scientists and cosmonauts do
not give up. Also Roscosmos
constructs a system of space
monitoring of environment and
space system for fixed
broadcasting and communication.
Russian Construction Company
Energy and Roscosmos
construct a modern spaceship
of a new generation. The
project is strictly classified and
information about it is
unavailable. The first manned
flight on this spaceship will
hopefully take place in 2018.
Russia plans to spend on all
these researches and space
vehicles constructions around
900 bln rubles until 2015.
NASA and ROSCOSMOS are
not enemies now but also not
the best friends.
National Aeronautic Space
Administration was established in
1958. Annual budget of this
organization consists of almost
18 bln dollars. The most
successful NASA program is
Apollo program (1961-1972).
After the Soviet success the US
decided to be the first on the
Moon. Apollo 11 expedition in
1969 enabled Neil Armstrong to
be the first person to stand on
Moon surface. And after him Buzz
Aldrin made the same. The total
investments into this program
was 202 bln dollars.
Since 1981 The USA has been
developed and constructed their
famous spaceships Shuttles. This
program was terminated in 2011.
And from 4/19/2012 shuttle is
concerned as a museum exhibit.
The Soviet Union and the USA
cooperated in the field of
planetary investigation. Russian
cosmonauts used Soyuz space
vehicles. If we compare
budgets we can say the USA
spent much more money on
shuttles’ construction than the
USSR on Soyuz (manned
flights) and Progress
(unmanned flights). Each
shuttle start was costing 500
mln dollars.
Russia also had an experience of
multiple flight space ship usage. It
was called Energy-Buran. But it
was used only once.
We still use Soyuz (manned) and
Progress (unmanned space flight)
space vehicles to fly to the Space.
The American cosmonauts are sent
to the ISS on these space crafts.
By statistics, they are more safe
than shuttles.
Skylab was another major program
of NASA. It lasted only for 6 years
(1973-1979) but contributed a lot to
the American space science. And it
was the first space station which
was constructed. Skylab was
unexpectedly crashed into Western
Australia.
The first commercial space vehicle
is called Dragon. It is constructed by
Constructional Corporation Space X.
It will start to service the ISS on the
30th of April, 2012.
The duration of the flight will be 20
days . It will take 1 day to go to the
Space and 1 day to be back to the
Earth and 18 days Dragon will
spend on the Orbit next to the ISS.
BUT THE FIRST PERMANENTLY MANNED SPACE STATION WAS THE RUSSIAN
MIR WHICH WAS IN ORBIT OF THE EARTH FROM 1986 UNTIL 2001. IT WAS THE
JEWEL OF OUR SPACE PROGRAM FOR MORE THAN 15 YEARS.
The ISS is an international
space project.
The International Space Station
combines the Soviet/Russian space
station MIR-2, the American Freedom,
the European Columbus and the
Japanese Kibo.
The construction began in 1998 and
the operations on are expected to
continue until at least 2020.
On February 2010 the American
Commercial Crew development
program was initiated. They started
construction of the commercial
spaceports and spaceships.
Commercial spaceships will be
capable to deliver cargo to the ISS.
The list of space countries is getting
longer in our days. Russia and the US
are not the only representatives in the
Space. China, India, Israel, Japan,
Canada, the EU countries are trying to
develop and improve their space
science and constructional skills.
Japanese Space Agency JAXA
constructed a space ship which will
operate only from the solar energy. Its
called IKAROS.
India had a successful start of its
space missions. In 2012, April, its
space vehicle was successfully sent
to the Space.
This year the Chinese aeronauts
are going to start using their own
space orbital station.
Not so long ago the NASA managing
director Charles Bolden told that in 15
years the USA would compete not with
Russia but with China. Its space
industry is going forward with
modernization and construction of the
new space ships and space science. In
10 years they plan to build a base on
the Moon.
But China doesn’t have its own
technologies. It invites the European
consults to work in its Space National
Administration to exchange their
knowledge and skills. If on their
constructors they spend 500mln dollars
but on the European advisors they
spend 1,5 bln dollars annually.
The next chapter of space
discovery is a space tourism.
With the era of space tourism
getting under way in earnest plans
for commercial space ports and
space ships are beginning to take
shape in the US and around the
world.
60mln dollars the USA pays for each
astronaut whom they sent to the ISS
by Soyuz – much less comparing to
shuttle times. Money which is left
they spend on commercial space
port and ships construction. In a
period from 2012 until 2014 they
plan to spent on this program 1,6 bln
dollars.
Mars… Another Space Race
starts.
The major program for America now
is Mars investigation. NASA closed
the program Constellation which
had to lead to the colony building
on Moon. Now they want to
discover Mars. And NASA is
preparing space expedition there.
Russia decided to send
cosmonauts to the Moon and step
on its surface. Mars investigation is
only on plans with a cooperation of
the European Space Agency. They
want to install and utilize there an
automatic station.
GPS is a start of navigation
systems.
The USA was the first country which
developed Global Positioning System.
The first global navigation satellite
system. It took place in 1973. It has
been set in orbit in 1994. It provides
location and time information anywhere
on or near the Earth.
It was materialized by Department of
Defense.
Russian Federation made its own
navigation satellite system Glonass.
It’s a great project for us and therefore
a lot financial investments have been
allocated to this project.
Its development began in the
USSR in 1976. It’s the most
expensive program of Roscosmos.
It consumes a third of its budget.
24 satellites are restored, enabling
full global coverage.
Europe is working on its own navigation
satellite system as well. Its not ready yet.
Its called Galileo. Its not connected with
the defense as in America and Russia. Its
a pure navigation system. European Space
Agency plans to spend on this project 4,9
bln dollars.
IT’S DIFFICULT TIME FOR THE RUSSIAN SPACE SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY NOW.
A LOT OF COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO BE THE FIRST AND THE BEST.
BUT WE HAVE OUR HISTORY, OUR EXPERIENCE, OUR SKILLS, OUR TARGETS
AND OUR DREAMS.
ITS TIME TO CAPITALIZE ON THESE FACTORS AND WITH DEDICATION AND
IMPROVEMENT TO TURN THEM INTO A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE
SPACE INNOVATION.
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!