Transcript Sustainable Berlin – transport system – economic and

German-Japanese Cooperation
DESD
Decade of Education for Sustainable
Development
2006 ACCU International Exchange Programme
under the UNESCO-Japan Funds-in-Trust for
the Promotion of International Cooperation
and Mutual Understanding
Sustainable Berlin
Transport SystemEconomic and
Ecological Implications
1. Sustainable Education
1.1 Curriculum for geography in Berlin´s
secondary schools
•Education for Sustainable Development
plays an important role
• for a deeper understanding the strategies of
sustainability should be put into action by pupils
• Learning about sustainability is practical
learning
- positive examples
- experiences
- environment - friendly
• practical learning in everyday life – learning
process becomes more plausible
• That means for our students:
- active participation in and organization of
school life
- responsible consumption
- acting in solidarity towards the disadvantaged
- asking questions concerning the future
1.1.1 Geography Grade 11: Mobility and
Transport
• geography projects in 11th grade – study of the
future capabilities of the Berlin public transport
system
• understand sustainability in traffic
• sustainable development – economic, ecological
and social system are coordinated in a way that
the natural basis of life is preserved for future
generations
• sustainability in traffic
-minimize damages and risks for the environment
• a long-term preservation of the natural basis of
living is ensured
• protection of flora and fauna
• economically, traffic should contribute to
guaranteeing jobs and economic success
• shortage of natural and financial resources –
consistently improve efficiency
• resources have to be used more efficiently
2. Mobility and Transport in
Berlin
2.1 Transport situation in Berlin
• until 1939 an efficient transport system of
trains, subways,trams and buses developed
• separation of transport system in 1949 –
different development in both parts of the city
• 1990 – Berlin became the capital city – two
transport systems had to be joined together
• big economic and technical challenge – the
opportunity to mind a sustainable development
of transport in Berlin and its surroundings
2.2 Change of traffic parameters
• Most local authorities of metropolises are
confronted with increasing problems of
congestion and pollution due to the steady growth
of urban motorized traffic.
• emissions of carbon dioxide, air pollution and noise
- carbon dioxide emissions increased from
17.2 to 22.9% between the years 1990 and 2000
• by 2010 transport will be the largest single
contributor to greenhouse gas emissions
organization of world of
employment
population and homes
urban structure
technical
development
Traffic
global economic
network
budget
possibilities of
transport and costs
2.2.1 Dilemma of traffic policy
• wrong reaction to the increase in traffic –
extension and improvement of the road network
• declining demand for public transportation
would set off a downward spiral leading to a
greater volume of motorized traffic and therefore a higher burden on the environment
Decreasing attractiveness of public transport and decreasing
demand
less cost-coverance, higher
deficits
higher fares, less stops, less
frequent trains and buses,
stoppage of ancillary railways
decreasing attractiveness of
public transport, because it
seems to be too expensive, slow,
rare connections, bad condition
of vehicles, unsafe at night
increasing volume of traffic,
increasing demand of parking
space, car-friendly shopping
areas and workplaces
need for further investments
in roads, introduction of
„intelligent guidance systems“
increasing attractiveness of
cars, because it seems to be
cheap, independent, flexible,
safer and faster
Extension and improvement of road network, removal of
bottlenecks
2.3 Transport development planning
2.3.1 mobil2010
• Berlin´s new urban transport development plan
• integrated strategy aims to fulfil future mobility
needs of inhabitants
• meet ambitious standards set for sustainable
urban transport by
- putting priorities on the maintenance of the
existing infrastructure instead of expansion
- using infrastructure more efficiently
- promoting public transport, walking and cycling
- 32% in Berlin of all trips are made on foot or
by bicycle
- 27% by public transport
- 41% by cars or motorcycles
• city´s budget is limited – confronting the city´s
government with a major challenge
• mobil2010 aims to achieve its goals in the
following areas:
- form and keep compact urban structures
- free the inner city from through-traffic
- extend local public transport system
and parking management
Cycling in Berlin
• bicycle route network - 800 kilometers
• mobil2010 - the city will promote cycling and will
increase the potential for bicycle use
• for instance by making it possible to transport
bicycles on both regional and suburban trains
and on the underground
• the target is to increase the modal split for
cycling from now 10% to 20% in the year 2015
Public Transport
• modernisation of public transport vehicles has
been carried out continuously since reunification
- BVG has introduced soot filters for 1000 of
1400 buses
- new buses which already fulfil Euro V standards
are now in service
- trams have been refurbished
- new low-floor trams have been introduced
- tram tracks have been renewed
- infrastructure measures in the tram network
focus on links with other forms of public
transport
- new ticket ideas will replace the
paper ticket
- the metrocard will combine the BVG ticket
with a car sharing concept
- lifts have been installed in many train stations
to give better access for people with
disabilities and elderly people
Traffic Calming and Parking
• 70% of Berlin´s road network – speed limit
of 30 km/h
• main roads – 50 km/h
• in residential areas speed reductions have been
extended
• traffic calming areas are being enlarged
continuously
• on-street parking charges have been introduced
in selected inner city and shopping areas
2.3.2 Agenda 21
• What is Agenda 21?
workplan for the 21st century – signed by 178
countries at the UN Conference for Environment
and Development in Rio in 1992
• goals are:
- enough jobs
- healthy environment
- social teamwork
- use the earth‘s resources efficiently
• Agenda Forum – combination of representatives
from social groups and organisations
The Action Areas in Berlin are:
• transport/ mobility
• climate protection
• social urban development/ social cohesion
• participation of citizens
• future work, sustainable regional development
potential
• structural change toward an information society
• education
• Berlin in One World
• gender fairness
My main Topic:
Sustainable development in public transport
• vision of Berlin as a city of sustainable mobility
- city of minimized transport needs
- people and goods reach their everyday
destinations without problems
• equal opportunities are available to all genders
and social groups
Public and non-motorized transit is attractive,
comfortable, simple to use and is well-adapted to
the routines of everyday life.
The Local Agenda 21 names the following measures:
• increase attractiveness and safety for
pedestrians and cyclists
• increase attractiveness of public transport
systems
• support environmentally-friendly freight
transport
• traffic calming
• reduction of air traffic
2.4 Berlin public transport
• Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB) –
system of collaboration between the various
public transport providers
• 3.3 million passengers in Berlin
• 1.7 million passengers in Brandenburg
• Berlin – S-Bahn and BVG
2.4.1 S-Bahn – Urban Trains
• biggest part of the S-Bahn network has
existed for 100 years
• now existing 331 km have been refurbished
during the last decade
- S-Bahn serves the city area of Berlin
- connects it with the surrounding region
- rapid city transport system provides high
transport capacities
- is able to move large flows of traffic over
large distances at high speeds
• about 1 million passengers use the 16 lines
every day
2.4.2 BVG – Berlin Transport Company
The BVG provides subways, buses, trams
and ferries.
U – Bahn (Subway)
• started in 1902 – one of the most modern
subway systems in all of Europe
- well-known for its high levels of performance
- emphasis on environmental responsibility
• nine subway lines – 152 kilometers
Buses
• January 1847 – first bus company with 20
carriages and 120 horses serving 5 lines
• 1929 – more than 620 buses
• today:
- 150 daytime bus lines
- 54 night lines
- length of the Berlin bus network amounts to
1626 kilometers during the day
• in the inner city are special bus lanes –
can only be used by buses, taxis and bicycles
1898
Trams
2005
• Trams are a major feature of the landscape
in many parts of the city
• 187.7 km of tram tracks in Berlin
• Trams feature
- outstanding speed
- safety
- punctuality
- reliability
The environmental friendliness of the trams is
especially important for the highly polluted
inner city.
2.4.3 Umweltkarte – Environment Ticket
• the VBB offers the Umweltkarte (Environment
Ticket) available as a monthly or yearly pass
• you can use buses, trams, subways, urban trains
and ferries
• the Environment Ticket is very cheap, compared
to buying day tickets, can used around the clock
• pass is transferrable
• on weekdays from 8 pm to 3 am and on weekends
you can take along one adult or three children
free of charge
• for a small charge you can take along your bike
2.5 Conclusion
• The share of motorized individual
transport in Berlin is still too high.
Especially the inner city area must be
relieved from burdens of traffic
conditions such as noise and exhaust
fumes. The City Administration has
developed different plans supporting
non-motorized transport.
Some of the measures are:
- „bike + ride“ facilities at rail and subway
stations
- „park + ride“ facilities
- transport of bikes on trams and trains
- priority signaling for trams …
The catalogue of measures must still be
developed further with respect of
sustainability.
2.6 Impressions of transport in the
inner city of Berlin
YOU CAN BE A HERO
WITHOUT
DEVASTATING THE
EARTH.
Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux