Transcript Slide 1
EMPHO training – day 5 Presenting data Natalie Cantillon & Verity Bellamy If the statistics are boring, then you've got the wrong numbers Edward Tufte http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/salon_0310 There are two goals when presenting data: establish credibility and convey your story. Edward Tufte Junk Charts Trifecta Check-up What is the practical question trying to be answered? (taken from the Junk Charts blog by Kaiser Fung) What does the data say? Is this the best data to answer the question? . What does the chart say? Is this the best chart to answer the question? Visualisation Indicator Life expectancy at birth Age Group All ages Period 2006-2008 Code ENG E 17UB 17UC 17UD 17UF 17UG 17UH 17UJ 17UK Area ENGLAND EAST MIDLANDS Amber Valley CD Bolsover CD Chesterfield CD Derbyshire Dales CD Erewash CD High Peak CD North East Derbyshire CD South Derbyshire CD MALES Life expectancy at birth 77.93 77.80 78.2 76.2 77.2 79.5 77.5 78.7 78.4 78.0 MALES MALES 95% CI LL UL 77.90 77.96 77.70 77.90 77.5 78.8 75.4 76.9 76.6 77.9 78.7 80.3 76.8 78.2 78.0 79.5 77.7 79.0 77.3 78.7 FEMALES FEMALES FEMALES Code Area Life expectancy 95% CI at birth LL UL ENG ENGLAND 82.02 82.00 82.05 E EAST MIDLANDS 81.80 81.70 81.90 17UB Amber Valley CD 82.0 81.5 82.6 17UC Bolsover CD 80.5 79.7 81.2 17UD Chesterfield CD 82.1 81.5 82.6 17UF Derbyshire Dales CD 83.0 82.2 83.7 17UG Erewash CD 81.6 81.0 82.2 17UH High Peak CD 81.9 81.1 82.6 17UJ North East Derbyshire CD 81.6 81.0 82.2 17UK South Derbyshire CD 81.8 81.1 82.5 Source of data: National Statistics/NCHOD Notes LA figures are presented for new boundaries as of April 2009. Released December 2009 Data will not speak for itself A picture is worth a thousand words (or numbers?) Task 1 Draw a chart/s to answer the question.. How does life expectancy vary between males and females? Think about chart type, colours/shading and the key comparisons you need to make Crayons and rulers available at the front… Visualisation & good presentation Keep it simple Do not present unnecessary information • ‘Chart junk’ • Decimal places on axis labels • Repeated information All graphs must have • • • • Titles Labelled axis Timeframe Source ll Fo r 5 0 0 48.4 43.2 40 40 35 36.8 25 21.9 35.2 37.2 31.7 30 23.9 20 20 Sources: Office for National Statistics and Teenage Pregnancy Unit Local authority Su W rrSurrey es ey tB er ks W hiForest Bracknell W re in es ds tS or us an se d Wokingham M x ai de nh ea West Berkshire d W ok in Windsor gh and am Maidenhead 60 60 55 Sl ou So Oxfordshire gh ut ha m pt on Buckinghamshire Rate per 1000 females aged 16-17 years Rate per 1000 females aged 16-17 years 50 50 45 Ke nt Milton Keynes M ed w M ay ilt Kent on Ke yn es OEast Sussex xf or ds h e ofirWight PIsle or ts m ou th Hampshire R ea di ng West Sussex es t oPortsmouth n & Bu H ck ov in e gh Reading am sh ire Ea st Southampton Su ss ex H Medway am ps hi re Is le Slough of W ig h Brighton & tHove ht ck ne Br ig Br a Sorting data Teen conceptions in the South East Teenage conceptions in the South East, females aged 16-17 years, 2007 (provisional data) 70 65 57.7 51.6 49.0 43.5 39.1 29.6 30.0 23.4 19.8 18.6 20.3 15 10 10 Presenting charts in juxtaposition Directly excluding non-melanoma non-melanomaskin skin Directlystandardised standardised mortality mortality rate, rate, all all cancers cancers excluding (ICD10 C44), 2005 2005 (ICD10 C00-C97 C00-C97 exc exc C44), 500 500 250 450 450 400 400 200 Rate per 100,000 popualtion Rate per 100,000 popualtion Rate per 100,000 popualtion Directly standardised incidence rate all cancers exc non-melanoma skin (ICD10 C00-C97, exc C44) 2005 350 350 300 300 150 250 250 200 100 200 150 150 100 10050 50 50 00 0 England South East Coast SHA Medway PCT Brighton and Surrey PCT West East Sussex Hastings Hove City Sussex PCT Downs and and Rother PCT Weald PCT PCT West Kent Eastern and PCT Coastal Kent PCT England England SouthEast East South CoastSHA SHA Coast Medway Medway PCT PCT Brighton and and Surrey Surrey PCT PCT West East Brighton West East Sussex Sussex Hastings Hastings West WestKent Kent Eastern Easternand and Hove City City Sussex PCT Coastal Hove Sussex PCT PCT Downs Downsand and and andRother Rother PCT CoastalKent Kent PCT Weald PCT PCT PCT WealdPCT PCT PCT PCT Health area Health area Health area Source: National Cancer Information System • Multiple graphs, use consistent colours, order, keep axes the same • Use colours to highlight patterns outliers or comparators Percentage of children immunised not immunised by their by their second second birthday, birthday, by Strategic by Strategic Health Health Authority Authority 2010-11 2010-11 Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis (whooping cough) and Hib North London East 97.4 7.1 South WestEast Midlands Coast 97.3 4.9 East East ofMidlands England 97.1 3.7 South South Central West 97.0 3.3 Yorkshire and the North Humber West 96.8 3.2 Yorkshire and the North Humber West 96.8 3.2 South South Central West 96.7 3.0 East East ofMidlands England 96.3 2.9 South WestEast Midlands Coast 95.1 2.7 North London East 92.9 2.6 9090 00 9191 1 20 92922 9393 40 3 9494 4 9595 5 60 9696 80 6 9797 7 98 100 98 8 Source: Information centre for health and social care 2012 Bar charts are the most commonly used chart Percentage of children immunised by their second birthday for Yorkshire and the Humber SHA Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis (whooping cough) and Hib 100 100.0% Yorkshire and the Yorkshire Humberand Humber 99.0% 98.0% 80 98 97.0% England 96.0% 60 96 95.0% England 94.0% 40 94 93.0% 92.0% 91.0% 20 92 90.0% 90 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Source: Information centre for health and social care 2012 Line charts are usually used to show time series “The only worst design than a pie chart is several of them” (Tufte); discuss. The only worst design than a pie chart is a 3D pie chart…. • The inclination and distortion of the 3D effect make it difficult to interpret the data • In the 3D chart, the Hazelnuts (4%) and the Cashews (8%) look the same “The only worst design than a pie chart is several of them” (Tufte); discuss. Mortality from cancers 2010, all females in Yorkshire and the Humber Mortality from cancers 2010, all females in Yorkshire and the Humber Mortality from cancers 2010, all females in England Proportion of all cancer mortalities Proportion of all cancer mortalities Directly standardised rate per 100,000 women Proportion of all cancer mortalities 2.0 1.6 4.3Lung Other Other Lung 4.3 12.4 Breast Other Lung Lung Lung Other Breast Breast Breast Colorectal Colorectal Colorectal Oesophageal Other Oesophageal Stomach Stomach Cervical Cervical Melanoma Lung Breast Breast Melanoma Colorectal Colorectal Source: ONS 2012 36.8 23.0 Source: ONS 2012 Colorectal Source: ONS 2012 “The only worst design than a pie chart is several of them” (Tufte). Discuss. Mortality from cancers 2010, all females in Yorkshire and the Humber Proportion of all cancer mortalities Yorkshire and the Humber Lung England Breast Colorectal Other 0% Source: ONS 2012 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Ways to present confidence intervals Other ways to present confidence intervals Other kinds of charts….. Health Profiles – Spine charts Quadrant analysis TARTAN RUGS Area: East Midlands. Source: Health Profiles 2009; www.healthprofiles.info FUNNEL PLOTS Funnel Plot Tool: www.apho.org.uk Does your chart: Make data easier to understand Reveal relationships in the data Add impact to the data Convert raw data into useful information If not do you really need to use a chart? are like jokes: if you have to “Graphs explain them they have failed.” Edward Tufte www.edwardtufte.com Stephen Few www.perceptualedge.com Jon Peltier http://peltiertech.com Jorge Camoes www.excelcharts.com Junk Charts http://junkcharts.typepad.com Is this an affective chart? Men’s health 2010 Are these improvements? Calorie burning ratings by type of exercise (source: Men's Health 2010) Number of calories burnt per hour Running Stationary bike Skipping Stairmaster Rowing Circuit training 900 859 818 735 695 654 Running Stationary bike Skipping Stairmaster Rowing Circuit training (source: Men's Health 2010) 0 200 400 600 800 Number of calories burnt per hour The Calorie Burning Ratings 900.0 850.0 800.0 750.0 700.0 650.0 600.0 550.0 500.0 L Calorie burning ratings Running 900 859 Stationary bike 818 Skipping 735 Stairmaster J 695 Rowing 654 Circuit training Number of calories burnt per hour (source: Men's Health 2010) 1000 Remember, your audience is there to look at you and listen to your story, the chart is just an enabler. Highlight information that is crucial, leave the rest. (Purna Duggirala - chandoo.org)