Transcript Citation Sandwich

HOW TO INSERT IN-TEXT CITATIONS
MRHS English
The Two Types of Citations
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References Page Citation (MLA References Citation)
In-Paper Citation (MLA Parenthetical In-Text Citation)
A MLA References Citation goes in your References page at
the end of your essay. For example:
 Coffin,
Ignatious. Read This, Francis. New York: Pendant Publishing
House, 2008.
MLA Parenthetical In-Text Citation
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An in-text citation is used as a direct quote, paraphrase,
summary, or statistic that you are using in your essay.
In-Text Citations always refer to a source that will be listed in
your References page. For Example:
 As
stated by noted educator, Ignatious Coffin, in his study of
teenage readers entitled, Read This, Francis, “Once they find a book
they like, students will read…go figure”. (Coffin 34-35). Generally,
if a student likes his/her subject matter, it will be much easier
coercing him/her to read.
Parenthetical In-Text Citations
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In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is
done by using what's known as parenthetical citation (in
brackets).
Immediately following a quotation, summary, or a paraphrase of
a source's ideas, you place the author's name followed by a
space and the relevant page number(s).
The same rules apply for books, encyclopedias, Internet sites,
and other online sources.
Parenthetical In-Text Citations

You know how to make a References page, but it's also
important to know that parenthetical in-text citations and
references pages allow readers to know which sources you
consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either:
 verify
your interpretation of the sources; or
 use them in their own scholarly work.
Example: Parenthetical Citation From a Book

Let’s say we’re using information from a book written by
Kenneth Burke and our subject is language use:
From
McDonald’s golden arches to the Nike
swoosh, “human beings have been described as
"symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). In fact, the
middle finger is a universal symbol, common
worldwide.
References Page

Your in-text citation will correspond with an entry in your
References page, which, for our example, will look something
like this:
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life,
Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966.
When Citation is Unneccessary

Common sense and ethics should determine your need for
documenting sources.
 You
do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known
quotations or common knowledge.

Basically, any information gained through research is NOT
common knowledge and, as a result, needs to be cited.
A
good rule of thumb is this: if you were asked to recall the
information in a month and you could not, then it should be cited
in your paper.
Why do We Use Researched Evidence?
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Strengthens the argument.
 You
aren’t a proven expert in the topic you’ve chosen. Having an
expert support what you’ve written makes the writing stronger.

Provides primary source information.
 Shows
your reader how you’ve interpreted the author and your
reasoning for doing so.

Gives you evidence to analyze.
 And

then demonstrates your analysis skills.
Allows you to address and acknowledge the author who
actually spent some time researching and working in the field.
Using Researched Material in Your Essay

Ensure that you introduce the source (person, web author,
encyclopedia entry, etc.) whose material you’re using:
 Statistics
Canada, in its 2008 population report, claimed there were
more Marys than Margarets born in 2007. (www.statscan.ca)

Tell the reader the author and title
Belushi, in his 1977 autobiography, Food Fight, claimed, “I didn’t
even like eggs, but I ate them for my art.” (Belushi 99) Belushi’s
egg-inspired food fight scene is now a part of film legend.
 John
Remember the Three Steps to In-Text
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Local historian and gravedigger, Ignatious Coffin, in his
worst-selling novel, Read This, Francis, names the tendency to
come to terms with difficult experiences a "purification
process" whereby “covering your head, hiding under your bed
sucking your thumb is a valid method of dealing with the
madness and uncertainty in today’s world" (11). Coffin
argues that humans need to “purify” their past trauma
through a systematic head-covering method of recapturing
the worst childhood fears.
FROM ‘DALMATIAN DEATH ROW’
Looking at In-Text Citations
Dalmatian Death Row
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Is 102 Dalmatians to Blame for Unwanted Pets?
Disney's new movie 102 Dalmatians promises to be fun, heartwarming, and
great entertainment. But this sequel, which features 102 adorable puppies,
may mean trouble for thousands of real-life dogs. After 101 Dalmatians was
released in 1996, many fans of the movie bought Dalmatian puppies of
their own. But dogs of this breed don't always make the best family pets.
A large number ended up at animal shelters.
According to the U.S. Humane Society, pet shelters across the country took
in as many as seven times the usual number of abandoned Dalmatian
puppies that year. Many had to be euthanized -- killed with a lethal
injection -- because homes could not be found for them. Now, animal
activists fear the same thing will happen with 102 Dalmatians.
Dalmatian Death Row
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Last summer, activists from three groups -- Media Partners for Pets, In
Defense of Animals, and the Amanda Foundation -- demanded that Disney
take responsibility for the unwanted dogs that are likely to be
abandoned after the movie.
They said that Disney should donate one percent of their profits from
the movie and merchandise to animal shelters.
Bud Disney says that's not its responsibility. The company says the
movie portrays animal shelters as a great place to find a pet, and in no
way encourages people to buy and abandon dogs. What do you think
about 102 Dalmatians? Is Disney responsible for abandoned pets?
Summary
 According
to a recent article in Scope, animal activists are
demanding that Disney should donate one percent of the profits
from ‘102 Dalmatians’ to animal shelters to care for abandoned dogs
(Scope 5).
 Animal
activists are demanding that Disney donate one percent of
profits from ‘102 Dalmatians’ to animal shelters (Scope 5)
Inserting Research (3 lines or less)
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Whether it is summarized, paraphrased, quoted, or statistical
evidence, it must be inserted (using the Three Steps to In-Text)
and properly cited. If your material is three lines or less:
 An
article in Scope reported that concern over abandoned
Dalmatian dogs produced by the movie ‘102 Dalmatians’ led animal
activists to demand “that Disney should donate one percent of their
profits from the movie and merchandise to animal shelters” (5).

It is combined with the regular text, double-spaced and
properly-cited.
Incorporating Quotes Over 4 Lines
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If you research is four lines or more, then single-space it and
indent it from both margins (apart from the regular text):
 Scope
reported that concern over abandoned Dalmatian dogs
caused:
…activists from three groups – Media
Partners for Pets, In Defense of Animals, and
the Amanda Foundation – to demand that
Disney…donate one percent of their profits
from the movie and merchandise to animal
shelters. (5)
In-Text Activity
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Using three separate research index cards for the upcoming
essay, create the following:
A
quote incorporated into a sentence (use the 3 Steps with proper
MLA parenthetical in-text citation).
 A summary of the content of the source (approximately 50 words
with MLA parenthetical in-text citation – using the 3 Steps).
 A paraphrase of one paragraph of the source (with proper MLA
parenthetical in-text citation – using the 3 Steps).
 Also include the source’s MLA References Citation.
 This
will have three proper entries in MLA format.