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Citation in Paper Writing
Jun Li and Jinxia An
Outline
1.
Introduction
2.
Number System
3.
Name and Year System
4.
Footnote System
5.
Recommended Software
2
1.Introduction
General Function of citation
 Showing Respect to the previous works
• Making the statements more convincing
• Expressing appreciation of the originality of the authors
 Faciliating the literature research
 courtesy and honesty, protecting the
intelligence properties.
Format and Style systems
 The number system★
 The name and year system
 Footnotes system
Introduction
3
2. the Number System
 Used in the applied sciences (chemistry, computer
science, engineering, mathematics, and physics)
and in the medical sciences (bio-medicine, health,
medicine, and nursing).
 In-Text Citation
 in-text number
• the order of references appear in the text
 List of References
 Numbered to correspond to the in-text citations
The Number system
4
2. In-Text citation Rules & Examples
 Placing the number within parentheses or brackets alone or with
the names of the source:
 e.g., Hershel,Hobbs, and Thomason(1) has raised many interesting….
 e.g., Finn et al. [3] attempted to do on a set of articles spidered from the
web.
 e.g., However, most of the related work on sentiment analysis to date [12,4-5,7,11-14] has focused on ….
 Insert both name and number:
 e.g. Additional observations include alterations in carbonhydrate
metabolism (Evans,3), changes in …
 Add specific data
 e.g., “The use of photosynthesis in this application is crucial to the
environment”(Skelton,8 p.732)
 e.g., the results of the respiration experiment published by Jones(3,Table
6,p. 412) had been predicted earlier by Smith(5,Proposition 8).
Note: An alternative, use a raised superscript number( several disciplines and their journals)
The Number system
5
2.List of References Rules & example
 Label the list as “Works Cited”
or “References”
 Number the references
according to their appearance
in the text, not by alphabetic
order.
 For books or proceedings, titles
are italicized or underscored
 For journals, the title of the
article is provided within
quotation marks; the title of the
journal and volume number are
italicized or underscored…..
 …
References In proceedings of www 2003
The Number system
6
2. Reference Format of 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
 In-Text Citation
 in-text raised superscript numerals or numbers in brackets and
then number them in consecutive order by appearance in the
paper.
 Number the references sequentially by order of appearance not
alphabetically.
 Refer simply to the reference number, as [3] or [5]-[8]. Do not use
“Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of sentence:
“Reference [3] shows….”.
 Provide up to five authors’ names; replace the others by “et al.”

List of References
 Number the reference according to their appearance in the text.
Use the following as the guide for references:
[1] Author's Last name, First initial, Middle initial, "Title", Journal or book
(italics), Vol, No #., date, pp.
[2] Author's Last name, First initial, Middle initial, "Title", Journal or book
(italics), Vol, No #., date, pp.
The Number system
7
3. Name and Year System
used in the social sciences, biological and
earth sciences, education, linguistics, and
business.
In-Text Citation
 Providing the name, year and other additional
information
List of References
 label the list "References" and alphabetize the
entries.
The Name and Year System
8
3.In-Text Citation Rules and examples
 Year after authority’s name
 e.g., Smith(1997) ascribes no species-specific …
 Insert information
 e.g., … evidence for a portion of the questionable data
(Marr & Brown, 1997,pp.23-32) through ….
 Two or more published in the same year
 e.g., Thompson[1994a] and Thompson[1994b]
 Quotation
 e.g., Jones(1998) found that “these data of pspchological
development suggest that retarded … growth”(p. 215)
 e.g., “These data of psychological developemtn suggest
that …. Growth”(Jones,1998,p. 215), but he failed to clarify
wich data were examined.
The Name and Year System
9
3. List of reference examples
 Every reference used in
your text should appear in
your alphabetic list of
references at the end of
the paper.
The Name and Year System
10
4.Footnote System
used in the fine arts (art, theater, and music)
and humanities (history, philosophy, and
religion, but excluding language and
literature)
also may be used for various purposes.




identify the source of a quotation
acknowledge indebtedness for facts or ideas
cite authority for some statements
indicate sources for additional information
The Footnote System
11
4. In-Text Citation Rules and Example:
In-Text Citation

Superscript Numerals


e.g., Hershel, Hobbs, and Thomason1 has raised
many interesting….
Place this superscript numeral at the end of
quotations or paraphrases

e.g., “Hershel, Hobbs, and Thomason has raised
many interesting” 3
The Footnote System
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4. Footnotes Rules and Examples
Placed at the bottom of pages to correspond
with superscript numerals

For a Book
e.g., 1.James K.Greer, Texas Ranger:Jacks Have in the Frontier
Southwest (Bryan:Texas A &MUniversity Press,1994),28.

Electronic Sources( Online Journal, CD-ROM
etc.)
e.g., 1.E.B.Banning,”Herders or Homesteaders?...,”in Biblical
Archaeologist,par.6[online journal] (vol.58.1,March 1995[cited
9April 1997] ); available from World Wide Web
@http://scholar.cc.emory.edu/scripts/Ba/Banning.html
The Footnote System
13
5. Recommended Relevant Software
 JabRef is an open source reference manager.
 http://jabref.sourceforge.net/
 JabRef runs on the Java VM , and should work well
on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.
 Features:





Detailed editing of bibtex entries.
Import of various formats
Built-in and custom export formats
Search a pattern in the whole references.
……
Recommended Relevant Software
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5. ScreenShots
Recommended Relevant Software
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5. ScreenShots
Recommended Relevant Software
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Note

The style of citation varies, depending on individual
journals, and detailed stipulations(约定) are required
by different journals, proceedings, etc.

The most direct way :


conforming to the specific requirement of journal or
proceeding!
searching some papers from the journal and
referring to the format and style of these papers’
citations, and simulating!
Note
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