Transcript WELCOME [www.assindar.it]

PRESENTATION BY
SHRI CHANDRA SHEKHAR PRASAD
DIRECTOR GENERAL
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
ON
QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR,
QUALITY CONTROL AND
SUSTAINABILITY IN INFRASTRUCTURES
QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTORS
Performance in creating an infrastructure
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An outcome of relentless effort made in procuring material
of right type and of quality.
Another important factor is workmanship.
In turn the workmanship depends on the qualification of the
man power behind the construction activity.
There are other factors as well like
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time management
financial management and
technical management including machinery, T&P
coordination and team work amongst various disciplines involved in
creating infrastructure and so on.
Engagement of a contractor without proper and adequate
experience and qualifications normally fail to deliver the outputs
in assigned cost & time. There are other negative results in terms
of
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Lack of quality
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Accuracy
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Wasteful & time consuming efforts
A contractor should have adequate and positive experience of
execution of almost similar work.
The quantum of experience is important as it indicates the
capability of contractor of having executed a similar work with
necessary and adequate machinery and T&P, manpower of required
capability and engineering make of mind.
There are three different methods of assessing
qualification of contractors in practice in
CPWD
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Pre-qualification
Registered contractor who have been assigned
different categories & classes.
Post-qualification
Pre-qualification:
Pre-qualification of contractor is done as per the set guidelines in
the form of written documents and which are being followed
uniformly through out CPWD. The guidelines are that:For works for which technical specification is finalized & defined
clearly in NIT, tenderers shall be required to submit the bids in two
envelopes.
Envelope -1 :- Documents related to eligibility criteria.
Envelope - 2 :- Financial bid.
Envelope-1 of all tenderers shall be opened first. Eligibility related
documents shall be evaluated and parties qualified/disqualified by the
competent authority.
Envelop-2 Financial bid of qualified tenderers shall then be opened at
notified time, date and place in presence of tenderers or their representative.
Registered contractors:
Different categories and classes of contractors
according to their qualification :Civil – Class I to V
 Civil Road – Class I & II
 Electrical – Class I to IV
 Horticultural – Class I to III
 Furniture – Class I to IV
 Nursery – Class I
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The criterion for experience shall be
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The completion of requisite number of works of
prescribed nature and magnitude during last 5 years
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The works should have been executed in the same name
and style in which the enlistment is sought
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Enlistment of an individual in corresponding category is
possible based on his technical qualification in lieu of
experience
The financial soundness shall be
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The Banker’s Certificate or working capital certificate issued
by the bankers of the contractor on the format prescribed in
the rules
Such certificate shall be issued by a scheduled bank
The contractor shall have to pay
 A non-refundable processing fee along with application form
The contractors of electrical category shall have to
 Produce valid electrical license from the competent authority
in the name of the contractor
Post Qualification:
Works for which technical specification has not been
finalized and the same is to be finalized on receipt of the
details from the tenderers. The tenderers shall be required
to submit the bids in three envelopes
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Envelope - 1 Documents related to eligibility criterion
Envelope - 2 Technical bid
Envelope - 3 financial bid
Pre-bid conference in which the doubts of the intending
tenderer shall be clarified besides discussions on any
additional suggestions proposed by the tenderer
e-Tendering
e-Tendering in CPWD
 e-Tendering is mandatory for all categories
of works irrespective of their cost
 e-Tendering platform to be used by
CPWD Divisions has been decided to be
hosted by M/s. ITI Ltd
M/s ITI Ltd. are to provide
 Logistic
support including supply of
documentation covering ‘User Manual’ and
‘Vendor Manual’
For the training of contractors
 Contractors interested in tendering in CPWD
Divisions to get the digital signatures and
needed training through M/s ITI Ltd
QUALITY CONTROL
Pre-requisites for Quality Control
1) In built provision in the contract for a system
of continuous check on quality by the field staff
and the contractor for ensuring quality of work
2) Availability of adequately manned and equipped
agency for overseeing the quality aspects
3) Periodical appraisal of quality and
4) A system of feed back for effecting possible
improvements
Quality Control Plan
A ‘Quality Control Plan’ has to be part of the tender
documents. This shall indicate
i.
All the required tests to be done during the
construction stage
ii.
All the relevant and applicable codes specifications
and standards as well as the acceptable criteria for
each of the relevant items of work
iii. Materials used
iv. The processes employed
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Methods Statement
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Applicable for works costing more than rupees 10 crores
Approval to be taken by Contractor from Competent
Authority
The construction procedure for important activities of
construction are stated, checked, and approved.
The ‘Methods Statement’ should have a
• description of the item with elaborate procedure in steps
to implement the same
• the specification of the material involved, their testing
• and acceptance criteria
• equipments to be used
• precautions to be taken
• mode of measurements etc
Quality Control set-up in CPWD
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Independent Quality Control set up which keeps a
watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of quality
control measures at site and also provides guidance
to the field engineers comprises of the following
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QA Wings in each region under the Addl. Director
General of the region
Core Wing at the Directorate under the Chief
Engineer (CSQ)
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Organizational set-up of Quality Control Unit:
 The implementation of Quality Control in the
field require close co-operation among the three
agencies
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Field Engineers
the construction agency &
the Quality Control team at circle level
Components for Quality Control
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Quality control on input material
Quality Control on workmanship
Tests for Ensuring Quality of Work:
Quality of Brick Masonry:
For common burnt clay bricks, fly ash lime bricks etc. tests for
Dimension
ii.
Compressive strength
iii.
Water absorption
iv.
Efflorescence
Common burnt clay bricks shall conform to IS-1077 and fly ash lime
bricks shall conform to IS-12894
i.
Other checks on workmanship
i.
Adequate soaking of bricks
ii.
Use of proper mortar
iii.
Raking of joints and then fully filling with mortar
iv.
Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints etc. in different
masonry bonds
Quality of Stone/Masonry:
For stone masonry tests for
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Water absorption
Transverse strength
Resistance to wear
Durability
Other checks on workmanship
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Proper mortar
Raking of joints
Fully filling with mortar
Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints
Bushing in stones and
Number of bond stones
Height of individual stones as compared to width on face or the
depth inwards
Dressing of stones specially at jambs, corners & sills and extent of
use of spalls in joints
Quality of PCC & RCC
IS 456-2000 Code of Practice for Plain & Reinforced
Concrete is followed in regard to concrete mix
proportion under specified procedure
 Minimum M-25 grade of concrete is used in all
structural elements made with RCC both in load
bearing and framed structure
 To control higher rate of carbonation in early ages of
concrete water/binder ratio is kept as low as possible
which is closely monitored during concrete
manufacture
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The components of structural concrete i.e. water, cement, fine & coarse
aggregate are monitored individually for their qualities
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Quality of water from each source
tested before the commencement of work once in every three months
subsequently for
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Cement used in works is from reputed manufacturers and tested for
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pH value
limits of acidity
limits of alkalinity
percentage of solids
physical test for fineness
soundness
setting time
compressive strength and
consistency of standard cement paste
Sand (fine aggregate) is brought from approved source and tested for
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Field tests for Organic impurity and silt contents.
Particle size distribution and
Bulking of sand
Stone aggregate (coarse aggregate) is tested for
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Percentage of soft or deleterious material
Particle size
Organic impurities
Surface moisture
10% fine value
Specific gravity
Bulk density
Aggregate crushing strength and
Impact value
After the concrete is manufactured at site using the
ingredients through batch mix plant, there is a control on
its quality for workmanship through the following tests:
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Slump test for workability
Cube tests for compressive strength
Steel reinforcement is tested for
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Reinforcement to be used is Thermo Mechanically
Treated bars for which physical & chemical tests are
carried out
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Form work (centering & shuttering)
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Steel tubes with extension pieces for built up sections of
approved steel for Centering
Shuttering being used is of steel plates with sufficient
stiffness
Shapes, lines and dimensions with tolerances checked
Checks on workmanship
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Compaction of concrete
Placement of construction & expansion joints
Curing of concrete
Quality of Marbles Work
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Checked for any consignment for
Same group
Size and
Finish
Workmanship as regarding fixing of
Gun metal cramps
Copper pins &
Stone dowels in veneering work
Quality of Wood Work
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Timber is checked for
moisture content
species
chemical treatment
Flush doors are checked for
End immersion test
Knife test
Adhesion test
Workmanship as regards
dimensions
joinery work
Quality of Steel Work
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Tested for
Tensile strength
Bend test
Flattening test
Quality of Flooring Work
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Terrazzo tiles are tested for
Transverse Strength
Water Absorption
Abrasion
Pressed ceramic tiles are tested for
Dimensions
Surface quality
Physical property
Chemical property
Workmanship checked for flooring
Joint filling
Thickness of Joint
Laying with adequate mortar (check for hollow sounding)
Level of top surface
Quality of Road Work
Ingredients for road work
Asphalt Mastic, Bitumen, Bitumen-Cutback, BitumenEmulsion - tested for their grade and properties in
accordance with IS-73
Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate, Binding & Filler
Material, Screening etc – tests are performed on these
materials to check their quality which are primarily in
accordance with different IS Codes and IRC Standards
in some specific cases
Different specialized items of work such as
structural glazing, false ceiling etc all
electrical works have got tests as laid down
in relevant IS Codes. In a few cases tests
are performed by manufacturer himself
where there is no specific code applicable
Sustainability in Infrastructure
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Sustainable infrastructure - Infrastructure in harmony with
the continuation of economy and environmental
sustainability
The majority of existing infrastructure has great impact on
the environment and some of these facilities are not
sustainable. There is an urgent need to implement strategic
changes in the provision of infrastructure
One way is to adopt the Green Growth, which is an
approach to pursuing economic growth necessary for
enhancing quality of life, while simultaneously minimizing
pressure on the environment’s limited carrying capacity
This should be done by improving eco-efficiency of
infrastructure development or creating more value with
fewer resources and less impact or doing more with less
The definition of the term Sustainable Infrastructure encompasses
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Infrastructure Renewal
Long Term Economical Analysis of Infrastructure, e.g. Life Cycle
Analysis, Ecological Foot Printing
Modeling of land use and transportation for assessments of policies
on emissions, energy use and reduce infrastructure costs
The protection of existing infrastructure from environmental
degradation, e.g. reservation of historical masonry buildings
Material selection for sustainability – quality, durability and energy
conservation
Making better use of so called waste water and materials
The re-design of infrastructure in light of global climate change
The remediation of environmentally damaged soils and water
The principles of sustainable development are
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Minimizing the use of non-renewable resources
Minimizing impacts on the natural environment
Protecting bio-diversity
Using renewable resources in a sustainable manner
Eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of
competitively prized goods and services that
satisfy human needs and bring quality of life,
while progressively reducing ecological impacts
and resource intensity through out the life cycle
to a level at least in line with the earth’s
estimated carrying capacity
Infrastructural development plays an important role in determining
environmental sustainability since it freezes consumption pattern for decades
to come. For example, developing highways in preference to mass transit
systems implies heavy future fossil fuel demand for personal mode for
transport and continuous growth of green house gas emissions
Need for greater integration of different development stages. Infrastructure
development generally consists of several key stages
• Planning
• Design
• Construction
• Operation
• Re-cycling and disposal
Sustainable infrastructure could be seen as designing and maintaining
buildings, structures and other facilities with an eye towards the source
conservation over the life of the infrastructure. It also means testing new
materials and practice that leave lighter impacts on environment yet are
effective
The rise in income in many cities has produced dramatic increase in
• Per capita car ownership
• Per capita waste generation
• Per capita levels of water use
• Energy consumption
• Sewerage and industrial waste
Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization > tremendous pressure on urban infrastructure > requires
its expansion > greater pressure on the environment.
Greater transport efficiency caused by rapid motorization in many countries > higher efficiency
in productive activities > facilitating the development of industries and expanding national
economies.
• Transportation problems today seems to relate more to having
• Too much rather than too little
• Too much traffic
• Too much pollution
• Too many accidents and
• Too much to maintain
Car ownership, rail & bus commuting and air travel all keep growing faster than the basic
infrastructure to support them
Eco-deficiency varies with each transport mode. A comparative analysis of
different modes of transport focuses on energy consumption and air pollution,
especially of public and private transport. Public transport in general and rail in
particular is more eco-efficient than private vehicle. Congestion and its assessment
in the economic terms by different agencies and at different places have
shown that congestion costs lead to significant losses in the gross domestic product
of some cities.
Other factors that have contributed to the growing congestion include the
existence of
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Too many narrow
Poorly maintained roads
Piece meal road development
Lack of road connectivity
Oversupply of curbside kiosks and hawkers, resulting in spillover of pedestrians
and activities in to streets
In sufficient off-street parking; lack of land-use controls resulting in poor location
of many traffic generating developments
Minimal enforcement of traffic rules which reduce vehicle speed and decrease
road capacity
The measures and activities to improve eco-efficiencies in
transport infrastructure may be guided by the following principles
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Increase the use of public transit
Encourage walking, cycling an other non-motorized transportation
mode
Restrict the use of automobiles
Develop land use plans that minimized the need for travel
Depending on economic and geographical conditions, planners
may also consider investing in new rail lines, bus systems and the
development of methodologies to estimate traffic congestion costs
that include environmental and social aspects
The construction of large dams, highways & land reclamation
not only displaces communities but also endangers species that
are endemic in the construction area. Building a dam for flood
control and hydro power may provide significant economic
benefits to the people in the community. However, constructing
the dam would require extensive logging in the area and reservoir
so created will most likely destroy natural habitats. Other
possible threats of dam projects to public safety and
environmental degradation include soil erosion, loss of wildlife,
changes in the water table etc. Similarly while the completion of
a highway in to rural areas would greatly increase the volume of
trade in their areas while reducing transport costs but it does not
come without a price on disturbance to the natural habitat as it
requires input materials which are procured by mining, extensive
logging and disturbance to natural drainage path besides a
general interruption in the ecological balance of the area. The
location, alignment and size of such infrastructure if decided after extensive
survey of the topography & ecology of the area and its in depth evaluation
will enhance the sustainability.
Water, waste water and solid waste management infrastructure
are environmental infrastructure which are characterized as high
degree of public goods with intangible values and externalities.
The development of technology and enhancement of public awareness can
provide opportunity for improved efficiency, e.g. water saving, waste water
reuse technology and community based management in solid waste reused and
recycling
THANK YOU