Transcript MODULE ONE INTRODUCTION TO STI PREVENTION & CONTROL

STRATEGIES FOR STI
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Objectives:
KEY CONCEPTS you will learn:


2
Explain strategies of STIs prevention and
control
Discuss challenges of STI prevention and
control
The Main Aims of STIs Prevention
and Control are:


Interrupting the transmission of STIs
Prevent development of disease and
complications
Reducing the risk of acquiring and
transmitting HIV
Prevention and Control of STIs
Involves




Early diagnosis and treatment
Promotion of safer sexual behavior
Promotion of health care-seeking behavior,
Targeting vulnerable groups
Health Care Seeking Behaviour – People with STIs
Target for Control
Stage 1 Preventing new infection
Stage 2 Detection & Rx of asymptomatics
Stage 3 Improving health seeking behavior
Stage 4 Improving Rx
Stage 2
Population
with any
STI
With
Without
symptoms symptoms
With STI
STI so far
prevented
Stage 1
Total adult
population
Stage 3
Symptoms
recognized
Not
Seeking
Rx
Seeking
Rx
Inadequate
Rx
Stage 4
Presenting
for Rx
Adequate
Rx
Primary prevention

Safer sexual behaviors
–
–
–
–
–
abstain from sexual activity altogether
delaying the age of sexual debut
life-long mutual monogamy
engaging only in non-penetrative sex acts
engaging in penetrative sex acts only if
condoms (male or female) are used
Secondary prevention

Promoting STI care-seeking behavior,
through:
– public education campaigns
– providing non-stigmatizing and nondiscriminatory health facilities
– providing quality STI care
– ensuring a continuous supply of highly
effective drugs
– ensuring a continuous supply of condoms
Secondary prevention…Cont’d

Rapid and effective treatment of people with STIs:
– comprehensive case management of STI
syndromes
 to
make a correct diagnosis
 to provide correct antimicrobial therapy for the STI
syndrome
 to educate on the nature of the infection, safer sexual
behavior, safe sex acts and risk reduction in order to
prevent or reduce future risk-taking behaviour
 to educate on treatment compliance
Secondary prevention…Cont’d
Comprehensive management ….Cont’d
 to
–
9
demonstrate the correct use of condoms
and provision of condoms
 to advise on how the patient’s partners may be
treated and to issue a Partner Referral card for
the patient to pass on to his/her partner(s).
training of service providers in case management
Secondary prevention…Cont’d

Case finding and screening:
–
–
–
–
–
examining minimally symptomatic women attending
clinics for maternal and child health and family planning
partner notification and treatment
education, investigation and treatment of targeted
population groups who may have placed themselves at
risk of infection
testing of blood donors for syphilis, HIV and hepatitis B
community-based screening
Secondary prevention…Cont’d


11
Provision of prophylactic antibiotics against
major STIs for victims of sexual violence
Integration of STI services within primary
care
CHALLENGES OF
CONTROLLING STIs
Challenges are due to:



Factors related to health system
Biological factors
Social and behavioral factors
Health System Factors




Health service may be unavailable, too far way,
expensive, or considered stigmatizing
There may be little emphasis on education and
other efforts to prevent STIs
Health services may not have effective drugs
Difficulty of partner management
Biological factors


70%-80% of infected women may be
asymptomatic and so will not seek treatment
Such people will continue to be infected,
risking complications and perhaps infecting
others
Social and behavioral factors





Reluctance to seek health care
Ignorance or misinformation
A preference for alternative health care service
Reluctance to follow safe sex practices
The social stigma often attached to STI
Social and behavioral factors ….Cont’d


Failure to take full prescribed course of
treatment
Difficulty of notifying sexual partners