Transcript Document

CERT Basic Radio
Communication
Mike Baughman
CERT Program Manager
WYCO KS COMMUNITY EMERGENCY
RESPONSE TEAM – under the direction of
Kansas City, Kansas / Wyandotte County
Emergency Management Department
Types of Stations &
Tactical Call Signs
WYCO CERT CALL SIGN EXAMPLES
GROUND
(portable and
fixed)
MOBILE
Search Team 3 Mobile
Mobile Command
Command
Search Team 1
Fire Team 2
Triage Team Leader
Medical
Staging
Rehab
Damage Team 4
Washington Shelter
PROWORDS
Prowords are a special set of words used for clarity and
brevity in communications. Most commonly used prowords
are:
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AFFIRMATIVE Yes
AVAILABLE Used when a unit is ready for assignment.
AVAILABLE AT SCENE Used when a unit is still committed to an incident, but could
be dispatched to a new assignment if necessary.
AVAILABLE AT RESIDENCE Used by personnel to indicate they are available and
on-call at their residence.
AT / ON SCENE Indicates units have arrived at the scene of an incident.
BREAK I hereby indicate the separation of the text from other portions of the message
or you are trying to interrupt a radio transmission.
CAN HANDLE Indicates that the resources on scene of the incident are adequate.
COMMAND Incident Commander
COPY, COPIES Used to acknowledge message received. Example: Search Team 1
Copies.
CORRECTION An error has been made in this transmission. Transmission will
continue with the last word correctly transmitted. An error has been made in this
transmission (or message indicated) The correct version is__________ That which
follows is a corrected version answer to your request for verification.
DISREGARD LAST MESSAGE Self explanatory.
DISREGARD THIS TRANSMISSION This transmission is in error. Disregard it. (This
proword shall not be used to cancel any message that has been completely
transmitted and for which receipt or acknowledgment has been received.)
EMERGENCY TRAFFIC Term used to gain control of radio frequency to report an
emergency or an emergency in progress. All other users will refrain from using that
frequency until cleared for normal use.
EN ROUTE Normally used by personnel to designate destinations. En route Is NOT
a substitute for responding.
FIGURES Numerals or numbers follow (Optional)
FIRE CONTAINED Self explanatory.
I READ BACK The following is my response to your instructions to read back
I SAY AGAIN I am repeating transmission or portion indicated
I SPELL I spell the next word phonetically
LOUD AND CLEAR Self explanatory
MESSAGE A message which requires recording is about to follow (Transmitted
immediately after the call. )
MINIMIZE Please limit your transmissions to essential traffic. Emergency operational traffic
is in progress. MINIMIZE is imposed by Net Control or by the Incident Commander.
MINIMIZE LIFTED Minimize is lifted by Net Control or by the Incident Commander
MORE TO FOLLOW Transmitting station has additional traffic for the receiving station
NEGATIVE No
OUT This is the end of my transmission to you and no answer is required or expected.
(Since OVER and OUT have opposite meanings, they are never used together
OVER This is the end of my transmission to you and a response is necessary. Go ahead;
transmit
READ BACK Repeat this entire transmission back to me exactly as received.
RELAY (TO) Transmit this message to all addresses (or addresses immediately following
this proword). The address component is mandatory when this proword is used
REPEAT Do not used this word. (This proword is used in US Army Artillery to request
another artillery round be fired.)
RESPOND, RESPONDING Used during a dispatch – proceed to or proceeding to an
incident.
RESUME NORMAL TRAFFIC Opens the frequency back up to normal traffic.
RETURN TO ________ Normally used by a dispatch center to direct units to return to
their original location. For example: Triage Team 1, return to staging.
ROGER I have received your last transmission satisfactorily.
SAY AGAIN Repeat all of your last transmission.
SPEAK SLOWER Your transmission is at too fast a speed. Reduce speed of transmission
STANDBY Indicates a need to wait for further information by either the sending or
receiving party.
STOP TRANSMITTING Self explanatory
THIS IS This transmission is from the station whose designator immediately follows
TIME That which immediately follows is the time.
UNKNOWN STATION The identity of the station with whom I am attempting to establish
communication is unknown.
UNREADABLE Used when the signal received is not clear. In most cases, try to add the
specific trouble. Example: Unreadable, back ground noise.
WAIT I must pause for a few seconds.
WAIT OUT I must pause for more than a few seconds.
WHAT IS YOUR LOCATION Self explanatory.
WILCO I have received your signal, understand it, and will comply. (To be used only by
the addressee. Since the meaning of ROGER is included in that of WILCO, the two
prowords are never used together.
WORD AFTER The word of the message to which I have reference is that which follows.
WORD BEFORE The word of the message to which I have reference is that which
precedes.
WORDS TWICE Communication is difficult. Transmit each phrase twice. This proword
may be used as an order, request, or as information.
Phonetic Alphabet
Letter
Phonetic
Letter
Phonetic
A
Alpha
B
Bravo
C
Charlie
D
Delta
E
Echo
F
Foxtrot
G
Golf
H
Hotel
I
India
J
Juliet
K
Kilo
L
Lima
M
Mike
N
November
O
Oscar
P
Papa
Q
Quebec
R
Romeo
S
Sierra
T
Tango
U
Uniform
V
Victor
W
Whiskey
X
Xray
Y
Yankee
Z
Zulu
1. To distinguish numerals from words similarly pronounced, the
proword "FIGURES" may be used preceding such numbers.
2. When numerals are transmitted by radiotelephone, the
following rules for their pronunciation will be observed:
3. Numbers will be transmitted digit by digit except that exact
multiples of thousands may be spoken as such. However, there
are special cases, such as anti-air warfare reporting procedures,
when the normal pronunciation of numerals is prescribed for
example, 17 would then be "seventeen."
4. The figure "ZERO" is to be written "Ø," the figure "ONE" is to
be written "1" and the letter "ZULU" is to be written "Z."
5. Difficult words may be spelled phonetically using the four-step
method. Abbreviations and isolated letters should be spelled
phonetically without the proword "I SPELL.“
I SPELL / FIGURES / INITIALS
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Use “I SPELL” for pronounceable words
– PIZZA
• “I SPELL PIZZA PAPA INDIA ZULU ZULU ALPHA
PIZZA”
Use “FIGURE(S)” AND “INITIAL(S)” for non-words
– N516F
• “INITIAL NOVEMBER FIGURES FIVE ONE SIX
INTIAL FOXTROT”
CORRECTIONS
 Use proword “CORRECTION” to correct a mistake
Example:
“… Turn right at next corner … CORRECTION Turn
left at next corner…”
SENDING NUMBERS
• Use of Prowords “FIGURES”, “DECIMAL”, “TIME”, “INITIALS”
Digit-by-Digit Not
“Seven Fifty”
750
“FIGURES SEVEN FIVE ZERO”
Niner
Not Nine
849
“FIGURES EIGHT FOUR NINER”
Decimal
Point
14.5
“FIGURES ONE FOUR DECIMAL FIVE”
Z Time
1635Z
“TIME ONE SIX THREE FIVE ZULU”
Initial And
Figures
E21
“INITIAL ECHO FIGURES TWO ONE”
One Figure
and Initial
3-A
“FIGURE THREE DASH INITIAL ALPHA”
Operator Responsibility
• The primary responsibility of the radio operator is to pass accurate
and timely information from the sender to the receiver and follow
through with an accurate and timely response to the sender if
needed.
•Transmit only when necessary. Use plain english, no “10 codes”.
• Limit your transmissions to no more than TEN seconds each.
Anything longer than that will not allow anyone with emergency
traffic to use the frequency. Insert breaks in any transmissions that
need to be longer.
• Never use actual names, or anything else that is sensitive over
the air. Never use a personal name over the air. Use their tactical
callsign designation, for example, Fire Team One.
• Say addresses only when necessary.
• Always speak clearly. This should be a given. Never pause on the
air. Know what you are going to say BEFORE you key the mike.
Know what your response is BEFORE you key the mike. DO NOT
pollute the airwaves with unnecessary "ummms", "ahhhhs" and
anything else that announces cluelessness over the air. Do not key
the mike while looking up some information. Do not key the mike
unless you are prepared to speak.
• Do not "step" on each other. Always say, OVER when it is time for
the other guy to talk. When two other people are talking to each
other, do not jump in unless they call you.
• Acknowledge the reception of information with a brief repetition of
it. For example, Operations to Command, Fire Team Two ENROUTE
your location. Command to Operations, COPIES Fire Team Two
ENROUTE my location. This lets both parties know that each other
understands, without any errors or excess. Directions should be
given from a specific, unmistakable reference. The other guy doesn't
always know what you have in mind. If it can be misunderstood, it
will be.
• Do not get into pissing contests over the air, with ANYBODY.
EVER. PERIOD.
• Always know what the other channels are for. Example: channel
14, 38 command; channel 12, 22 Fire Team operations; channel 5,
33 Medical Team Operations, etc….
• When communicating patient triage results, the terms “Immediate”,
“Delayed”, “Dead” as taught in the class will not be transmitted. Use
“Red” (Immediate), “Yellow” (Delayed), “Black” (Dead). EXAMPLE:
3 RED, 12 YELLOW, 6 BLACK, 25 GREEN. The term “Green”
(walking wounded) can be used to describe someone who is
mentally and physically able to remove themselves from the danger
area.
CAUTION: THE GENERAL PUBLIC
AND THE NEWS MEDIA CAN HEAR
WHAT YOU ARE SAYING ON THESE
FREQUENCIES. THINK ABOUT
WHAT YOU WANT TO SAY AND HOW
TO SAY IT!!!!!!!!!!!!
CALLING ANOTHER STATION
• Command is calling Search Team One
– Search Team One THIS IS Command OVER
– Command THIS IS Search Team One OVER
– They conduct their traffic
– When the traffic is completed, they will say OVER
– When done communicating, they will say Command OUT,
Search Team One OUT
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Search Team Two is Calling Operations
1.
Formulate your transmission. Keep them short and to the point.
2.
Listen to make sure the channel is clear.
3.
Press Push to Talk button, take a breath, and then speak slowly
and distinctly.
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Operations THIS IS Search Team Two OVER
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Search Team Two THIS IS Operations OVER
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Requesting 2 additional search team and 1 additional triage
team OVER
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COPIES 2 search teams and 1 triage team OVER
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Search Team Two OUT
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Operations OUT
CERT RADIO CHANNEL ALLOCATION
ICOM IC-F11
Channel 1 - CERT MAIN: This channel is the main CERT channel, used for all
operations.
Top Button - CERT TAC A: This channel is used for “on scene”
communications.
Channel 2 - CERT PAGING: This channel is used to receive the paging
functions.
Channel 3 - CERT TAC B: This channel is used by CERT Leadership, if the
base repeater malfunctions.
Channel 4 - TEXAS FIRE 1: This channel is used for on-scene FIRE tactical –
command communications.
Channel 5 - TEXAS FIRE 2: This channel is used for on-scene FIRE tactical –
command communications.
Channel 6 - TEXAS FIRE 3: This channel is used for on-scene FIRE tactical –
command communications.
Channel 7 - TEXAS MED 1: This channel is used for on-scene MEDICAL
tactical – command communications.
Channel 8 - TEXAS LAW 1: This channel is used for on-scene POLICE
tactical – command communications.
Channel 9 - TEXAS LAW 2: This channel is used to contact POLICE base
stations.
Channel 10 - RACES MAIN: This channel is used exclusively by licensed
RACES personnel, subject to third-party communications rules and emergency
declarations, as set forth in FCC CFR97.
Channel 11 - NWS: This channel is used for receiving National Weather
Service information.
Channel 12 - STN DISP: This channel is used to monitor fire station
dispatches.
CERT RADIO CHANNEL ALLOCATION
REHAB ONE RADIO
Channel 1 - CERT MAIN: This channel is the main CERT channel, used for all
operations.
P - 0 - CERT TAC A: This channel is used for “on scene” communications.
Channel 2 - CERT TAC B: This channel is used by CERT Leadership, if the
base repeater malfunctions.
Channel 3 - TEXAS FIRE 1: This channel is used for on-scene FIRE tactical –
command communications.
Channel 4 – RACES MAIN: This channel is used exclusively by licensed
RACES personnel, subject to third-party communications rules and emergency
declarations, as set forth in FCC CFR97.
P - 1 - ALERT TONE: This button is used to transmit the page tones to
handheld units.
P - 2 - CHANNEL DOWN: This button is used to move radio channels down.
P - 3 - CHANNEL UP: This button is used to move radio channels up.
FRS/GMRS
Channel 5 Code 35: This channel is used for on-scene communications when
CERT Radios are not available.
Top 10 Things to Remember About Your Radio
Leave your radio on Channel 2 – quiet, page alert.
Not Waterproof.
Channel 1 is normal operating channel.
Bottom button sets off paging tones. Top button sets local
channel that does not hit repeater (TAC A).
5. Put your Name/ID # on everything.
6. Do not use Channel 10 (RACES) unless instructed to do so by a
RACES member.
7. Always use your CERT ID number to identify yourself.
8. Use plain English, no 10 codes. (Correct, Affirmative,
Received, etc.)
9. Battery will last 8 – 10 hours with normal use. Consider
backup (BP-208).
10. Be grown up and considerate of others.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CERT RADIO SELF-ACTIVATION SCRIPT
Switch to Channel 1
Depress the lower button twice to generate two sets of
codes.
Once codes have stopped, read the following:
ATTENTION ROWLETT CERT
ATTENTION ROWLETT CERT
CERT IS BEING SELF-ACTIVATED FOR AN EMERGENCY
RESPONSE BY AUTHORITY OF TEAM (TEAM #).
PROCEED IMMEDIATELY TO THE STAGING AREA AT
(LOCATION OF STAGING AREA)
PLEASE CONFIRM YOUR REPONSE USING YOUR ID
NUMBER TO CERT OFFICER ON THE AIR.
TIME OUT (CURRENT TIME)
Transmit activation notice, wait 5 minutes, transmit a second
time. Stay on the air until a CERT Officer checks in and
takes control of the staging sector.
Activation Authorized
by:_________________________________
Activation transmitted at: _____________
By:
______________________
2nd Activation transmitted at: ____________
By:
______________________
This completed form should be retained with all
activation paperwork.
Two-Way Radio Usage Guidelines
1.0 Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to set general
guidelines for the use of two-way radios in
the course of program operations.
2.0 Applicability
This policy applies to all RCCC members,
including its affiliated programs.
3.0 Frequency and Authority
RCCC is not registered for the use of any specific
frequencies through the FCC at this time. The
RCCC has arranged to use several Public
Works type frequencies registered by the City
of Rowlett for RCCC purposes. The City of
Rowlett has total, complete, and final
authority over the operation of these
frequencies and can dictate rules for use,
equipment, and procedures at will. Use of
these frequencies is by permission only and
not automatic, implied or inferred. Permission
for use is granted to the RCCC Board of
Directors by the City of Rowlett and not to
individual users. Individual RCCC Member
permission comes from the RCCC Board of
Directors by way of its designated Radio
Officer.
Two-Way Radio Usage Guidelines
5.0 Guidelines for Use
5.1 All members with permission to operate
on the designated frequencies will
transmit using approved ID numbers, and
abide by the code of conduct described
later in this policy.
5.2 It is the duty of each member operating
under this policy to ensure compliance
with the rules, regulations and polices of
all applicable Federal, State, and Local
agencies, and the RCCC.
5.3 By nature, Public Works frequencies may
be heard by the general public without
restriction. Members shall refrain from use
of approved frequencies for casual,
personal or non-RCCC conversation.
5.4 Members shall abide by frequency use
restrictions as outlined in the orientation
guide and class.
5.5 Permission to operate under this policy is
given at the sole discretion of the RCCC
Board of Directors and their designee.
Permission is not automatic, implied or
inferred by membership or status.
Two-Way Radio Usage Guidelines
5.6 Members operating under this policy agree
to immediately discontinue the use of
approved frequencies upon suspension,
expulsion, notification of bad standing,
inactive status, or at the direction of any
agency or City official or at the direction of
the RCCC Board of Directors, RCCC
President or Radio Officer.
6.0 Training Requirement
All RCCC members with the intention or need to
communicate using the stated frequencies
must attend an orientation class before
permission for use is granted. In an
emergency, this provision may be waived by
the RCCC President, Radio Officer or the
activation of the Rowlett EOC.
7.0 Penalty
Violation of this policy, or any part thereof, may
be punishable up to and including
immediate expulsion from the RCCC
organization. This policy does not limit other
civil or criminal charges that may arise as a
result of a violation.
Two-Way Radio Usage Guidelines
8.0 Operating Code of Conduct Members operating
under this policy are obligated to: ♦ Monitor traffic to
make sure the channel is clear before transmitting. ♦
Stand by for any emergency radio messages. ♦
Identify radio transmissions with the assigned RCCC
ID number. ♦ Be courteous to other licensees using
the approved channels. ♦ Follow all FCC Rules and
Regulations. ♦ Observe the operating requirements
defined by the City of Rowlett and the RCCC. ♦
Discontinue use of any frequency when requested. ♦
Refrain from the use of profanity, obscenity, and/or
indecent language. ♦ Conduct themselves in a
professional, courteous, and respectful manner.
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
The effective use of radios is predicated on the call and
response form of communication. A quick and meaningful
exchange of information is essential. Standardized
language ensures effective and efficient communication,
and can result in decreased emergency response times.
General:
• Speak slow and articulate so that your transmission can
be understood
• All radio traffic needs to be important
• Use “plain” English
• Avoid using codes, except for those commonly
understood (noted below)
• Remember perception, everyone is listening
Dispatch Phrases
“Responding” or “En-Route” – Personnel (SAS, ERT, other)
acknowledging radio tones, an assignment, or request
and committing themselves as a resource until otherwise
indicated
“ETA” – Estimated Time of Arrival. Not necessary to provide
to base or IC unless significantly delayed and/or more
resources have been requested
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
Arrival Phrases
“On Scene” – First responder to arrive at the location of the
incident and who nominally takes charge until Incident
Command can be established. Additional responders may
advise “On Scene” status to base until IC has been
established.
“Locating AP” – Indicates on scene and typically implies that
IC has not necessarily been established and that more
information will soon follow. AP = Affected Party (patient).
“Investigating” – Indicates on scene and generally gathering
information. May indicate searching for signs of fire,
hazardous condition, or other cause of emergency
response activation process.
“UTL” – Unable To Locate. Indicates caller is attempting to
locate AP or source of emergency response activation but
is unable to. May accompany request for additional
information, directions, etc.
“Requesting Assignment” – Personnel is checking in with
IC and advising availability to be assigned a role under
the IC system or any miscellaneous task necessary.
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
Incident Command
“Establishing IC” – First person officially taking command of
an emergency scene. Responsible for developing
objectives, providing assignments, and maintaining safety
and accountability of responders. Location must be given
when Establishing IC. Initial ROC should be provided (see
below).
“Assuming IC” – The next person, typically more qualified or
senior in rank, who formally takes over Incident
Command. Assumption of IC must occur in person, all
relevant information must be handed off, and the change
must be announced via radio. If location has changed, the
update must also be broadcast.
“Transferring IC” – The next person who takes control of an
emergency event typically due to the length of time or
complexity of the emergency. Normal guidelines for
Assuming IC apply (face to face, handoff of information,
resources, assignments, etc.)
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
“ROC” – Report On Conditions. A brief report that includes a
summary of the most important information. What has
occurred, what is the severity, what actions are being
taken, what you need, and where you are.
Example: “ERT1 to base.” Base Acknowledges. “I’m at a two
car collision, at least one injury, beginning patient care,
next responder please establish IC at Charlie side
Building Alpha.”
“Update on Conditions” – A periodic report from the IC to
base that occurs when significant changes have occurred
or a pre-established time interval has elapsed. A request
for an “Update on Conditions” may be made by base due
to incoming EOC, Executive, or other requests. Report
should include same information as the ROC.
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
During the Incident
“Sweep” – This term may refer to a systematic search of a
building or parking lot to ensure evacuation or to locate an
individual or hazard source. Typically, “Sweep Teams” are
designated in pairs of responders for general safety and
assigned an intuitive call sign signifying the floor (ie:
Sweep Team 2 conducts sweep of 2nd Floor).
“Repeat Traffic” – Implies that the last radio transmission
was either not heard clearly or was not understood. Last
party to broadcast should repeat the transmission.
“Last Unit” – Typically used when the identity or call sign of
the last person to communicate via radio is unknown, as
in “Last unit, identity yourself and repeat traffic.”
“Additional Resources” – This request indicates that more
responders are necessary to effectively manage an
incident. Additional resources should always check in with
the Incident Commander. The IC or requesting party
should specify, if necessary, that additional ERT, EMT,
SAS, Facilities, etc. are required.
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
“Switching Channel” – Indicates that traffic for an incident is
changing from one radio channel to another. Direction
may come from base, IC, or another party. Unless
otherwise instructed, all responders should switch to the
appropriate channel and monitor traffic.
“Copy” – Acknowledgment that last radio traffic was
received, understood, and will be carried out. Replaces
common “10-4” radio code or military “WilCo” (Will
Comply).
“Standby” – Indicates that additional information will follow
shortly or that one or more parties is occupied and not
available to receive radio traffic.
“Break” – Used when a long radio message is broken into 2
or more segments to allow “Emergency” or “Priority” radio
traffic an opportunity to transmit. May also be used when
transmission to one party has concluded and
transmission to another party must immediately begin.”
Typically a 5-second delay should follow the “Break.”
“Hold All Non-Emergency Traffic” – Used as a polite
reminder that either non-incident related radio traffic is
being heard on the incident radio channel or as a
reminder that radio traffic is deemed “excessive” due to
volume and should be reduced.
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
“Priority Traffic” – Important radio traffic that does not directly
affect the health or welfare of emergency responders.
Typically it is used when you have critical information
relevant to an existing incident or you are introducing
initial activation of an incident. This phrase should be
used sparingly.
Example – “SAS5 to base, priority traffic.” Base
acknowledges. “Smoke visible from Daycare Center inner
courtyard, unknown source, ERT1 is investigating.”
Example – “ERT1 to base, priority traffic.” Base
acknowledges. “I have a medical emergency, Building 2,
Delta Side, AP is experiencing chest pains, please
dispatch 911 and activate ERT.”
“Emergency Traffic” – Radio traffic that directly impacts
health and safety of any party. All other radio traffic must
immediately cease! Used when any party is injured, killed,
or is in a life threatening circumstance.
Example – “IC to all units, emergency traffic. EVACUATE,
immediate danger of building collapse. Repeat, all units
EVACUATE.”
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
“Responder Roll Call” – This phrase is used to initiate
personnel accountability during large, complex, or
dangerous events. This is an important radio message
impacting safety and must be acknowledged by all
parties. Typically, responding units should check-in
beginning at the exterior A-side, rotating clockwise to the
B, C, and D-sides of the building until all exterior
personnel are accounted for. Interior units may then
check in until all parties are accounted for.
Example –“IC to all units, responder roll call, please
acknowledge.”
“Traffic Control checking in, 3 units accounted for.”
“Perimeter Control checking in, 4 units accounted for.”
“Liaison checking in, 1 unit accounted for.”
“Patient Group checking in, 3 units accounted for, 1 missing.”
“Mobile 2 to IC, I’m on the Bravo side, checking in w/ Patient
Group for accountability.”
“IC to all units, copy, all personnel accounted for. Break. IC to
base, all personnel accounted for.”
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Standardized Radio Terminology (Non-10 Code)
Resolution Phrases
“Okay to Re-Occupy” – Indicates that permission has been
granted, typically by the Fire Department, to reoccupy a
building after an emergency event. This information
should come from the IC, who should also issue a
reminder to perimeter control to check for ID badges.
“Affected Party Being Transported”– Indicates that patient
is being transported via AMR, Co-worker, Manager,
Friend, Family Member, or Self-Transport to… “X”
Location.
“All Clear” – This code is given when the incident has been
fully resolved, there is no longer any imminent danger,
and all external agencies (FD, PD, AMR, etc.) have
departed Cisco property. The general resolution should
also be provided to SFOC for the final page. (ie: Patient
Transported to “X” Location, Power Restored, False Fire
Alarm, Fire Extinguished, etc.).
“Debrief” – Indicates that the incident has concluded (though
“All Clear” may not have been given) and that all
responders should meet, typically at the lobby or at the
location of the incident for a review session.