Transcript Hardware - Atlanta.mdf

Hardware
(The part you can kick)
Overview
 Selection Process
 Equipment Categories
 Processors
 Memory
 Storage
 Support
Define Requirements
 Service Level Agreements
 People
 Process
 Technology
 Budget
 You may get an AttaBoy for saving a few dollars.
 You WILL get blamed for an inadequate system
What is the difference?
 Workstation
 Single user (desktop/notebook)
 Server
 Department
 Enterprise
Processors
 32 bit
 64 bit
 AMD
 Intel
 Single-Core
 Multi-Core
32 Bit Processors
 Proven, mature technology
 Low Cost
 Compatible
 4GB Memory Address Limit
 PAE
 3GB
 AWE
 Called x86 (Intel 80386 was the first)
64 Bit Processors
 Itanium
 Incompatible with existing x86 processors
 8 or more proc systems Enterprise Systems
 AMD64/EMT64 (x64)
 Pioneered by AMD. Intel dragged kicking and
screaming into the market.
 Binary compatible with x86 procs
 Extensions for 64 bit commands
 Very price effective (10%-15% premium)
Intel
 Front Side Bus
 Uniform memory access
 1-4 processors is easy and fast
 Potential memory bottlenecks
 Decouples memory and CPU clock rates
AMD
 AMD
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NUMA NonUniform Memory Architecture
Memory directly controlled by processor
Matches SQLOS memory alignment
No bus bottlenecks
Processor action required for cross-boundary
memory access
 SQL 2005 native
AMD vs. Intel
Drawing © AMD Technologies
Cores
 Single-Core
 Cheap, proven
 Multi-core
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Newer
Licensing advantage for SQL (sockets, not cores)
On-die
In-Package
 HyperThreading
 Simulates multiple cores. 10% to 15% performance
boost for most SQL applications
 Can slow down system with many non-parallelizable
queries
Memory
 Speed
 Latency
 Error Correction
Storage
 Disk characteristics
 Storage Subsystems
 RAID Configuration
Disk Characteristics
 RPM – Higher is better
 On disk read cache – More is better
 SCSI
 Fast, reliable, proven, mature
 SATA
 Cheaper, slower, reliability? (new)
 Good for second tier Storage (backup,
historical partitions)
 Fibre Channel
Storage Types
 Locally Attached
 SCSI
 SATA
 NAS
 iSCSI
 SAN
Local Storage
 Hot swap disks
 Controllers
 Battery-backed cache
 Disk arrays
 Cache on controller
 Cache in cabinet (clusterable)
NAS
 Not a block-write device
 SMB drive mapping
 Cache corruption
 Must be on Windows Catalog
 CANNOT CLUSTER!!!
iSCSI
 SCSI via IP
 Lower Cost
 Competes with NAS
 Large variance in speed, quality,
managability, reliability
 Cluster nightmare
SAN
 Pseudo-SAN – “Smart Array”
 Large write cache (GB)
 Fibre Channel (SCSI++)
 Options
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Split mirror backups
Distance synching
Virtual Snapshot
Management (Provisioning) tools
Disk Stripe Alignment
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Low-level stripes (Smart Array controller or SAN)
OS-level stripes
MBR boot record offset (63 sectors)
Cache copying. IO doubling.
Up to 40% slowdown.
Diskpart.exe (Win2003 SP1) can pad offset to
match stripe size
 Diskpar.exe (Win 2000 Resource Kit) for older
systems
RAID
 Redundant Array of Inexpensive (later
Independent) Disks
 1988 ACM SIGMOD paper “A Case for
Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
(RAID)” by David A. Patterson, Garth A.
Gibson, and Randy H. Katz.
 Overcomes size and reliability limitations
of physical disks
RAID Levels
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JBOD Just A Bunch of Disks
RAID 0 Striping with no redundancy
RAID 1 Mirroring
RAID 2-3 not worth talking about
RAID 4 Stripe with Parity Disk
RAID 5 Stripe with Parity Rotation
RAID 1+0 (10) Stripe of mirrored pairs
RAID 0+1 (10) Mirror of stripes
RAID 50 Stripe of stripes w/ parity
RAID Performance
 RAID 0
 Read
 Stripe advantage N
 Write
1
 RAID 1
 Read
 Stripe Advantage 2
 Write
 2x
 RAID 5
 Read
 Stripe Advantage N-1
 Write
 N-2 reads + 2 Writes
 RAID 1 + 0
 Read
 Stripe Advantage N
 Write
 2x
Baseline Performance
 SQLIO stress utility
 IOMeter stress utility
 Performance Monitor capture
Support
 Life cycle of equipment
 Parts/service SLA
 Management and Monitoring software
 Working relationship
Questions