Transcript iwduh - Tawanmandi

Advocacy and Policy Influencing
August 6th, 2013
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Terminologies
Policy Influencing Principle
Policy Influencing Cycle
Stakeholders
Principled Negotiation
Role of Language in PI
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Content
Terminologies
• Lobbying: all activities whereby dialogue with those
you want to change is central. It is agreement-driven
and both parties are willing to work towards a
agreement.
• Advocacy: all activities that do not use violence
and/or other illegal activities. This includes lobbying.
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• Policy Influencing is the deliberate and systematic
process of influencing the policies, practices and
behaviour of different targeted stakeholders that
are most influential on the issue.
• Activism: activities that involve third parties in the
process of change of influential stakeholders.
Mostly this is the public, through campaigns and
demonstrations. Activism overlaps with advocacy.
However, activism also includes violent and illegal
activities.
• Awareness-raising: a pre-condition for policy
influencing. Therefore it is generally part of policy
influencing activities. It can never be an end in itself,
but should be part of a strategy towards a predefined result (behavioural change).
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Terminologies
Policy Influencing Principles
• Credibility: Why would people trust us, believe in us?
• Accountability: How can you be transparent towards
decision makers, back donors, and beneficiaries?
• Service-oriented: How are you being helpful, and do
you focus on win-win solutions?
• Power: What is your power base and how do you use
it?
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• Legitimacy: Who or what gives you the right to
interfere?
Credibility What
&
Credibility How
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Credibility
Legitimacy What
&
Legitimacy How
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Legitimacy
Accountability What
&
Accountability How
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Accountability
Service oriented What
&
Service oriented How
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Service Oriented
Power what
&
Power How
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Power
When To Apply CLASP?
• Throughout the whole PI Cycle
• At the level of each step
• At every moment of PI
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CLASP should always be applied:
Policy Influencing Cycle
Issue analysis
& Fact Finding
Impact on primary
beneficiaries
Assessing
outcome
Lobby, media,
campaign
Delivery of
FINAL
message
Primary beneficiary
Influence
Define
policy issue
Stakeholders
and interests
Fact finding
Mapping of
policy process
CLASP
Birth of EARLY
message
Strategic
networking
Preparing
deliverables
Positioning
Prepare
action plan
Resourcing
for PI-plan
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Identify the
policy issue
Alliance
building
Managing network
dynamics
Policy
influencing plan
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Identifying/Defining the Policy Issue
Defining:
• Contextual analysis
• Theory of Change
• Involvement of stakeholders
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Identification:
• More clear goal
• Good outcome
Contextual Analysis
-A contextual analysis should contain at least three
types of analysis that sometimes overlap:
• Analysis of actors (Stakeholders)
• Analysis of factors (PESTLE)
• Analysis of own organisation (IOM)
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-The contextual analysis presents the baseline of your
work. It is the departure point for planning your future
interventions.
• Theory of Change defines all building blocks
required to bring about a change. This planning
methodology helps you further define the policy
issue and how to place your policy influencing
intervention in a greater context.
• Theory of Change defines as clearly as possible not
only the ultimate outcomes and impacts you hope to
achieve but also the avenues through which you
expect to achieve them
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Theory of Change
Steps of Theory of Change
• Determine the Vision
• Choose your “change buttons” (i.e. identify which
outcomes you will address)
• Check the assumptions of your hypothesis
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• Map the changes
Support
NGOs that
work with
communities
Com and family
encourages girls
education and
healthy lifestyle
Community
openly discusses
reproductive
health
Work on
awareness of
community
members on
gender roles
Parents ensure
that gender roles
don’t interfere
with education
Policy
influencing for
better health
and education
Girls visit
doctors
Girls go to
school
regularly
Schools
educate girls
adequeately
Sphere of Control Sphere of Influence
5
Women
are
healthy
Women
have
healthy
children
Women
have jobs
and
income
Healthy and self-sufficient women that are
members of their family and community in
an equal and sustainable way
Support
teachers
for new
education
Women marry
when they
choose (at
mature age)
Sphere of Concern
17
Political
Targets
Policy
Influencing
initiative
7/20/2015
sphere of
concern
sphere of
influence
sphere of
‘control’
18
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Beneficiaries
Who Are Stakeholders?
• Persons, groups or institutions who influence or are
influenced by the issue.
• Having something to win or something to lose by
change on the issue.
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• Persons, groups or institutions whose interests or
concerns are ‘at stake’.
What Is Stakeholder Analysis?
• Stakeholder Analysis is the identification of the key
stakeholders in a planning or change process.
• The way in which these interests are likely to affect
the process.
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• An assessment of their interests.
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Better plans
Participation of the right parties
Objectives more likely to be achieved
Activities more likely to be sustainable
Clearer view on participation / responsibility
Clearer distribution of responsibilities
Clearer assumptions
Better advocacy & policy influencing strategy
Beneficiaries participation and knowing your target
audience. Very crucial!
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Why To Do Stakeholder Analysis?
• A beneficiary is a stakeholder. Stakeholders are
persons, groups or institutions with interests in a
process, such as policy influencing.
• Your actions should be guided by the will of the
beneficiaries and your actions should increase the
power of beneficiaries (empowerment). If this is not
the case then you risk losing all legitimacy, one of
the key principles.
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Beneficiary Participation
Participation Ladder
Self mobilisation/Empower
Consultation
Information Gathering
Receiving Information
Manipulation
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Collaborate
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Networking/Alliance building
Principled Negotiation
• Soft negotiators: soft on the people, soft on the
problem
problem
• Principled negotiators: soft on the people, hard on
the problem
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• Hard negotiators: hard on the people, hard on the
• Prepare thoroughly
• Get to know the other side – ask and wait for
answers
• Never enter negotiation when you are tired,
impatient, hungry or angry
• Allow for the possibility of not reaching agreement
• Define your goals
• Identify shared goals
• Define your negotiable + value to your opponent
• Anticipate alternative scenarios + prepare tactics
• Your BATNA (Best Alternative to Negotiated
Agreement)
• You are not weaker or stronger than your opponents
• Both sides share goals and are willing to bargain
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How to Negotiate Successfully
What should you emphasize?
• Repeat the goals you share with your opponent
• State your position clearly and repeatedly
• Clarify positions, repeat what they said, ask
questions
What should you avoid?
• Do not make concessions early
• When you make concessions, avoid large
concessions
• Avoid irritating the other side or making them angry
• Do not accept a deadline for reaching a settlement
What should you remember?
• Nearly everything is negotiable. When the other side
says: "This is my last offer!" that too, may be
negotiable.
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How to Negotiate Successfully
• Language is a very powerful tool in politics and in
policy influencing. It affects the way we are looking
at reality.
• It plays a central role in any Advocacy and Policy
Influencing initiative.
Advocacy Initiatives and framed messages
• Advocacy messages can take the form of frames
and be used in a similar way as politicians do.
• Help gain broader support for advocacy position.
• Effective means of passing a message in media
(radio, television), oral interventions or even in
written papers.
• Good frames become quotes.
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The Role of Language in Policy
Influencing
Examples of Frames
• Don’t give the fish, provide the fishing rod!
• Why would the peasant have to pay for the study of
• A policeman is a thief with a government gun.
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the banker?
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Thank You!