Transcript The Age of Jackson, 1824–1840 - 8th Grade History

Andrew Jackson
Chapter Tour
The Age of Jackson,
1824–1840
During his
presidency, Andrew
Jackson makes
political and
economic decisions
that strongly affect
the nation.
12-1: Politics of the People

Andrew Jackson’s
election to the
presidency in 1828 brings
a new era of popular
democracy.
Essential Question:

What is the effect of expanding voting rights
and Jacksonian Democracy?
Left Page of your notes:
Jacksonian
Democracy
The Election of 1824
1. Democratic-Republican
party has four presidential
candidates:
a. John Quincy Adams has
New England’s support
b. William Crawford has
South’s support
c. Henry Clay, Andrew
Jackson both have the
West’s support
2. Jackson wins popular
votes, fails to get majority
of electoral votes
3. House of Representatives
chooses Adams
Adams’ July
th
4
Speech
“America knows that by once enlisting
under other leadership than her own,
she would involve herself beyond the
power of removal.”
Adams’ July
th
4
Speech
“America knows that by once enlisting
under other leadership than her own,
she would involve herself beyond the
power of removal.”
America knows that permanent alliances
with foreign countries is a bad thing!
Jacksonian Democracy
1. Andrew Jackson feels 1824
election has been stolen from
him
2. Aims to win next election,
helps to split DemocraticRepublican party
3. Split eventually creates 2
parties:
a. Democrats grow out of
Jackson’s supporters
b. National Republicans grow
from Adams’s supporters
Jacksonian Democracy
1. Jackson backs interests of common people, supports majority rule
2. Jacksonian democracy - political power for all people, majority
rule
3. Voting rights partially expanded under Thomas Jefferson’s
presidency
4. Helps Jackson win election, hailed as triumph for common people
The People’s President
1. Andrew Jackson, first president not from aristocratic
background
2. Grows up on frontier farm, fights in Revolutionary War, taken
prisoner
3. After war, becomes lawyer, hero in War of 1812
Jackson Takes Office
1. Andrew Jackson’s wife,
Rachel, dies soon after he
wins presidency
2. Jackson blames death on
campaign attacks on wife’s
reputation
3. Inauguration ceremony
attracts people from all levels
of society
4. Crowd grows rowdy, forces
Jackson to flee White House
A New Political Era Begins
1. Andrew Jackson replaces many government
officials with his supporters
2. Giving government jobs to political backers spoils system
3. Opponents charge that spoils system corrupt
4. Jackson defends system, breaks up one group’s
hold on government
Finish Notes
Quiz Time!
1. The candidate who was elected president as a result of what some Americans
believed to be a corrupt political deal was
a. John Adams.
b. John Quincy Adams.
c. Henry Clay.
d. Andrew Jackson.
2. What practice became known as the .spoils system.?
a. supporters contributing money to candidates. election campaigns
b. elected officials rewarding political backers with government jobs
c. the House of Representatives choosing the president
d. political party leaders choosing who will run in an election
3. The president whose election was seen as ending control of the government by
an educated elite was
a. Andrew Jackson.
b. John Quincy Adams.
c. James Monroe.
d. Thomas Jefferson.
4. The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule
was characteristic of
a. federalism.
b. nationalism.
c. republicanism.
d. Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson’s Policy Toward Native
Americans

During Jackson’s
presidency, Native
Americans are forced to
move west of the
Mississippi River.
Essential Question:

Evaluate Jackson’s Indian Removal policy.
Left Page of your notes:
1830
•
1828
•
1835
•
1831
•
1842
•
1838
•
Native Americans in the Southeast
1. In early 1800s, many Native
Americans remain east
2. Some whites hope Native
Americans can adapt to their way
of life
3. Others want Native Americans to
move out
4. Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee,
Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek,
Seminole:

called civilized because they have
adopted some white culture
5. Tribes hold large areas of land
The Cherokee Nation
1. Cherokee adopt white
customs more than any other
Southeastern tribe
2. Own farms, cattle ranches,
acquire written language
3. Cherokee Sequoya invents
Cherokee writing system
4. Draw up constitution based
on U.S. Constitution, found
Cherokee Nation
5. Gold is discovered on their
lands, many whites demand
Cherokee move
Jackson’s Removal Policy
1. Andrew Jackson wants to move Native Americans west
of Mississippi
2. As Indian treaty commissioner, he makes treaties with
southeast tribes
3. As a result, U.S. government gains large amounts of
land
4. Jackson believes Native Americans have one of two
choices:
a. adopt white culture, become U.S. citizens
b. move into Western territories
Jackson’s Removal Policy
1. Gold found in Georgia, Southern states give whites right to Cherokee land
2. Cherokee protest, President Andrew Jackson supports states
3. Congress passes Indian Removal Act (1830) which:

requires Native Americans to relocate west
4. Policy forever changes relations between whites, Native Americans
The Trail of Tears
1. Whites invade Native
American homelands
2. Many Native Americans
feel they have no choice
but to sign treaties
3. Treaties require tribes to
move to Indian Territory
4. Indian Territory - what
is now Oklahoma, parts
of Kansas, Nebraska
From the Text (377)
Based on this image, what were the conditions and
challenges for the Cherokee on the Trail of Tears?
The Trail of Tears
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Beginning in 1831, Southeast tribes relocate to Indian Territory
Cherokee appeal decision to U.S. Supreme Court, to protect land
Court upholds appeal, Andrew Jackson ignores it
U.S. troops force Cherokee to march west, fall, winter of 1838 -1839
Without adequate clothing, one-fourth of Cherokees die

Harsh journey of the Cherokee, known as the Trail of Tears
Native American Resistance
1. Soldiers round up Cherokee named Tsali, his
family
2. On way to stockade, they fight, soldier killed
3. Tsali, family flee to North Carolina, meet other
Cherokees
4. Agrees to surrender if Cherokee allowed to
remain on their land
5. Surrenders, he, sons (except youngest) shot,
some Cherokee remain
Native American Resistance
1. Seminole refuse to leave
Florida (1835), leads to
Second Seminole War
2. Seminole leader Osceola,
followers use surprise attacks
on U.S. army
3. Osceola is tricked into
capture, dies in prison
4. Some Seminole continue to
fight in the Everglades,
others move west
5. Sauk chief Black Hawk leads
Sauk, Fox back to their lands
in Illinois
6. During the Black Hawk War,
U.S. troops crush Black
Hawk’s uprising
Finish Notes
Quiz Time!
If the statement is true, write true.
If it is false, change the underlined word or
words to make it true.
1. The region that was once known as the Cherokee Nation covers what is now Oklahoma and
parts of Kansas and Nebraska.
2. In 1821, the brilliant Cherokee Osceola perfected a writing system that allowed his people to
write and read their own language.
3. The long journey west that the Cherokee people were forced to make in the winter of 1838
and 1839 is known as the Trail of Tears.
4. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act to authorize the government to negotiate
treaties that would force Native Americans to move west.
5. A band of Seminoles led by Sequoya hid in the Everglades and used guerrilla tactics to defeat
the U.S. Army.
12-3: Conflicts over States’ Rights

Jackson struggles to keep
Southern states from
breaking away from the
Union over the issue of
tariffs.
Essential Question:

How did the “Tariff of Abominations” lead to
South Carolina threatening to secede?
Left Page of your notes:
Issues that led
to sectional
differences
Rising Sectional Differences
1. In 1829, U.S. pulled apart by
conflicts among its three
main sections:



the Northeast
the South
the West
2. Northeasterners do not want
public land in West sold at
low prices
3. Cheap land attracts workers
needed in Northeast factories
4. Westerners want cheap land
in the West to attract settlers
Rising Sectional Differences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Northeast, West back internal improvement such as roads, canals
Aids transportation of food, raw materials, manufactured goods
South opposes internal improvement funded by tariffs on imports
South opposes tariffs, economy depends on foreign trade
Northeast supports tariffs, encourages purchase of domestic products
Tariff of Abominations
1. At end of John Quincy Adams’s presidency,
Congress passes tariff bill
2. Significantly raises tariffs on raw materials,
manufactured goods
3. Angered by tariff bill, southerners call it Tariff
of Abominations
4. Southerners claim Northeast interests control
government policies
Crisis over Nullification
1. Vice-president John C. Calhoun
creates doctrine of
nullification:
a. state has right to reject federal law it
considers unconstitutional
b. any state can nullify (reject) a
federal law within its borders
c. Congress has no right to pass tariff
favoring one area of nation
2. Doctrine gives South Carolina
the right to nullify the tariff
3. Calhoun hopes doctrine will stop
South Carolina from leaving the
Union
The States’ Right Debate
1. Senate debates doctrine of
nullification, Webster-Hayne
debate (1830)
2. Senator Robert Y. Hayne,
South Carolina, supports
nullification:

gives states a lawful way to
defend their freedom
3. Senator Daniel Webster,
Massachusetts, opposes
nullification:

the people not the states make
the Union
4. President Andrew Jackson
opposes nullification
South Carolina Threatens to Secede
1. Congress reduces tariff (1832), Southerners not
satisfied
2. South Carolina threatens secession withdrawal from the Union
3. Andrew Jackson says he will enforce federal
laws
4. Congress passes compromise tariff (1833),
South Carolina stays in Union
Finish Notes
Quiz Time!
1. What was the issue in the Webster-Hayne debate?
a. whether John Quincy Adams or Andrew Jackson should become president
b. whether or not to pass the controversial tariff of 1828
c. whether the federal government or a state had more power
d. whether the government should collect the tariff in South Carolina
2. What political leader from South Carolina was a strong nationalist before
becoming a champion of states’ rights?
a. Andrew Jackson
b. John C. Calhoun
c. Daniel Webster
d. Thomas Jefferson
3. Which statement explains why the tariff passed in 1828 was called the Tariff of Abominations?
a. Northerners were upset that the tariff forced them to pay high prices for Southern cotton.
b. Southerners were outraged because they felt they were being forced to pay for the North’s
prosperity.
c. The tariff was controversial and helped Andrew Jackson win the presidential election of
1828.
d. Some Southerners threatened to not collect the tariff in their states.
12-4: Prosperity and Panic

Jackson’s policies cause the economy to collapse after
he leaves office and affect the next election.
Essential Question:

How did Jackson’s war on the National bank
lead to a depression?
Left Page of your notes:
National
Bank Closes
Mr. Biddle’s Bank
1. The Second Bank of the
United States, most powerful
bank in country
2. Policies of Bank’s president,
Nicholas Biddle, controls
nation’s money
3. Andrew Jackson thinks bank
has too much power, favors
the wealthy
4. In 1832, Biddle asks
Congress to renew the bank’s
charter
From the Text (385)
“It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too
often bend the acts of government to their selfish
purposes…Distinctions in society will always exist
under every just government… [B]ut when the
laws undertake to…make the rich richer and the
potent more powerful, the humble members of
society…have a right to complain of the injustice
of their Government.” – Andrew Jackson
What are Jackson’s reasons for wanting
to destroy the National Bank?
Jackson’s War on the Bank
1. Andrew Jackson vetoes
renewal of bank’s charter
2. Claims bank is
unconstitutional, a
monopoly that favors the
few
3. In his second term,
Jackson sets out to destroy
the bank
4. Has government funds
deposited in state banks
5. Biddle fights back, makes
it harder for people to
borrow money
6. Bank goes out of business,
economy suffers
Prosperity Becomes Panic
1. People take out loans, banks issue too
much paper money
2. Makes each dollar worth less, prices
rise
3. Causes inflation - an increase in
prices and decrease in money value
4. Jackson leaves office, nation has a
false prosperity
5. Martin Van Buren takes office,
economic panic spreads
6. Fear about economy known as Panic
of 1837
7. People demand gold, silver in
exchange for paper money, banks run
out
8. Banks default, severe economic
slump, or depression, follows
9. 90 percent of factories in East close,
people go hungry
The Rise of the Whig Party
William Henry Harrison
1. Senators Henry Clay, Daniel
Webster want government to
help economy
2. Van Buren disagrees,
economy will improve if left
alone
3. At next election, Van Buren
faces new political party, the
Whig Party
4. Whigs oppose concentration
of power in the president
5. Choose William Henry
Harrison to run for
president
6. Choose John Tyler to run
for vice-president
The Election of 1840
1. William Henry Harrison
appeals to common
people, wins 1840
election
2. Dies one month after
being inaugurated
3. First president to die in
office
4. Vice-president John
Tyler becomes president
John Tyler
Finish Notes
Quiz Time!
a. depression
b. William Henry Harrison
c. inflation
d. Panic of 1837
e. John Tyler
f. Martin Van Buren
1. candidate whose military record helped him to be elected president in
1840
2. resulted from a widespread concern about the nation’s economic
health
3. vice-president who became president because of the former
president’s great popularity
4. resulted from the failure of the nation’s money system
5. vice-president who became president when the popular war-hero
president died in office
6. resulted from an increase in the money supply and a decrease in the
value of money
I Am:
Andrew Jackson
A Cherokee Indian
Nicholas Biddle