Transcript Chapter 27 The Age of Imperialism

Chapter 27
The Age of Imperialism
Learning Objectives:
1. Define Imperialism
2. Analyze types of Imperialism
3. Analyze the causes and effects of imperialism
4. Analyze and describe the effects of Berlin Conference on Africa
5. Analyze impact of the Boer War (South African War)
6. Analyze the positive and negative legacy of Imperialism on Africa
Due dates:
1. Guided Reading 27.1 and 27.2 (Due April 15)
2. Guided Reading 27.3, 27.4, and 27.5 (Due April 22nd)
3. Matching term and people quiz (April 25th )
4. Chapter test (April 26th )
27.1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_rHrGaoh4w
• Imperialism—seizure of a country or
territory by a stronger country
– Rule from afar
• Problems discourage Euro
Exploration of Africa:
– African armies, rivers, disease
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Causes
Economic motives
– The I.R. created demand for raw materials and new
markets
Balance of Power
– Euro nations forced to compete for power with their
Euro neighbors
Nationalism
– Belief in Euro superiority
– Euro’s viewed empires as a measure of greatness
Social Darwinism: theory advanced by Charles Darwin and
used to justify expansion of European “white” dominance.
S.D. argues:
– Laws of evolution observed in nature, also apply to
society.
– Fittest or best adapted individuals, or societies prevail.
– It is a white man’s burden to enlighten non-European
peoples
– Euros had the right and duty to spread their progress to
the world
Background Information
Congo – The Brutal History
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Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians first to reach interior of Africa
– David Livingstone (Scottish Missionary)
Henry Stanley (American reporter) hired to find Livingstone
• Stanley’s exploration interests King Leopold II of Belgium to acquire land in
Congo
Stanley has local chiefs sign treaties giving Belgium and Leopold control of Congo
“Primary” motive to spread Christianity and abolish slavery
– Reality: Leopold brutally exploits Africans; millions die
Leopold’s actions push Belgian government to take colony
– The Belgian Congo
Seizure of large part of Africa sparks much of Europe to claim parts of Africa
– Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx2Sj1fhSso&feature=bf_
prev&list=PL8BCCE8BBE994CD34&lf=results_main
Factors Promoting Imperialism of Africa
1. Technological superiority
– Steam engine and Maxim gun help
conquest
– Steam engine allows easy travel and
establishment of control
– Railroads aide communication and
transport
2. Disease first kept Euros on coast
– Perfection of quinine protects Euros
from malaria
3. Africans are divided by language
and culture
– Discouraged unity (Centrifugal Force)
– Euros used disunity to play rival
groups against each other
Dividing Africa
• Berlin Conference—conference
regulating European colonization and
trade in Africa
– Berlin, Germany 1884.
– Resulted in the "Scramble for
Africa”
– Euros now control African continent
• 14 nations agree on rules for division
(1884–85):
• By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are
free of European control
• Raw materials are greatest source of
wealth in Africa
– Copper, tin, gold, and diamonds
Groups Clash over South Africa
• South Africa: example of European impact on
Africans
• S.A. history = clash b/t Africans, Dutch, and
British over resources
• Shaka—Zulu chief—creates centralized state
around 1816
– Used by British to conquer more land and people
• British defeat Zulus and gain control of Zulu
nation in 1887
Euros in South Africa
• First Euros to settle in S.A. =
Dutch (1652)
– Establish station for ships sailing to
Dutch East Indies
– Cape Good Hope
• Boers: also known as Afrikaners
– Dutch farmers take Africans’ land,
establish large farms
• British gain control of S.A. (1795)
– Boers clash with British over
farmland and freeing slaves
– Boers move north (“Great Trek”) to
escape British
– Clash with native tribes
Boer War (Dutch vs. British)
• Boers discover diamonds and gold
resources found in northern
settlements
• Tension over ownership of land and
resources result in two wars
• Boers win first
• British counter attack burning farms and
imprisoning women and children
– Concentration camps for blacks and
whites
– British defeat Boers 1902
• Boer republics (states) join into Union of
South Africa
– Controlled by British
• Impact:
– Signaled change in the way of life for
South Africans (Apartheid)
– Euros changed political, economic,
and social aspects of African’s lives