Transcript Letter From Birmingham Jail”

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Date
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Title of Novel
Setting up your Journals
- Author
- Page began – page ended
From the text
From your mind
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A passage
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A reaction
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Interesting language
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A theory you have
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4 quotes
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A comparison
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4 key events
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A discussion of something significant
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4 critical facts
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An opinion
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Main idea
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An emotion
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A problem or conflict
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An idea
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE 3 JOURNALS
COMPLETED BY MONDAY!
Setting up your Journals

Date
- Author

Title of Novel
- Page began – page ended
From the text
From your mind
-
A passage
-
A reaction
-
Interesting language
-
A theory you have
-
2 quotes
-
A comparison
-
2 key events
-
A discussion of something significant
-
2 critical facts
-
An opinion
-
Main idea
-
An emotion
-
A problem or conflict
-
An idea
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE 3 JOURNALS
COMPLETED BY MONDAY!
EQ: How do we
analyze an argument?
I will be able to define an argument
and identify supporting evidence.
Bell Ringer: Explain the quote by
Nelson Mandela “There is no easy
walk to freedom anywhere.”
A & E Biography 1963-1968
EQ: What is the basis for the belief that justice
will ultimately prevail in American society?
I will define logos, pathos and ethos in order
to identify the examples of each in the first
two pages of Martin Luther King’s Letter from
Birmingham Jail
Copy : Appeal - make a serious or urgent request, typically to the
public
police are appealing for information about the incident
Bell Ringer:
1.What are some ways that you can convince other people of your
opinion? How do you persuade someone? How do you get them to
believe you?
2. Explain the quote by Nelson Mandela “There is no easy walk to
freedom anywhere.”
Vocabulary you need to know 
Cognizant – being aware
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Retaliate – to take revenge
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Moratorium – a temporary stoppage
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Copy these words down.
“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
1929-1968
Biography
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“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
Born 1929 to minister in Atlanta, Georgia
Attended Morehouse College, Crozer Theological
Seminary, and obtained a Ph.D. from Boston
University
Married Coretta Scott and had four children
Became pastor in 1954
Led black boycott against segregated bus lines
Organized Southern Christian Leadership
Conference
1964 received Nobel Peace Prize
Historical Context
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“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
Racial segregation was wide spread and the South was a
place of great racial tension. King along with others
were in non-violent battle to stop the segregation.
Rhetorical Devices
Rhetorical Triangle
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
What is Rhetoric?
Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by
discourse."
Aristotle: Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any
particular case all of the available
means of persuasion.
Rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing effectively
The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your
audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than
someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle
divided the means of persuasion, appeals, into three
categories:
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Ethos - Credibility
The speaker establishes his authority
For example: a good reputation, listing qualifications
This establishes trustworthiness
Conveyed through tone and style
Pathos - Emotional
Pathos appeals to an audience’s sense of identity, their selfinterest, their emotions.
Many consider pathos the STRONGEST of appeals
Pathos appeals to us because we naturally bend towards what
is in our best interest or the interests of groups we identify
with
We like when writers or speakers flatter us
We connect emotion with judgement
A negative paper will try to arouse anger
Direct appeals DO NOT WORK
You cannot say, “Now you should be crying”
Logos - Logic
Logos is the logic used to support a claim
Uses facts and statistics to support the argument
Can use definitions, analogies or comparisons, cause and
consequences, rely on testimony or other authorities by citing
evidence or opinions of experts
Review!
Logos appeals to:_________________
Pathos appeals to:_________________
Ethos appeals to:__________________
A. emotions
B. logic
C. credibility
Summary of Definitions
These elements MUST work together to create a strong argument!
Logos
•Logos-facts, data, statistics of the
message. The logos is the information
presented as fact (it might not be, but
usually is). Often, logos uses numbers.
•Ethos-credibility or character as a reflection
of the communicator. Often, ethical appeals
are based on trust and community.
•Pathos-emotions of the audience.
Emotional appeals might inspire patriotism,
happiness, sadness, anger, and other
emotions in the audience
Pathos
Ethos
Letter From Birmingham Jail
What
(genre)
Non-fiction; letter
Why
(purpose)
To persuade the nation of the injustice
of racism
When
April 16, 1963
Where
Who
Author:
Audience:
Birmingham, Alabama
Who
Author: Martin Luther King
Audience: The clergymen, the
people of America
How - Logos, Pathos, and Ethos
MY DEAR FELLOW CLERGYMEN
Example of ETHOS
King puts himself on the same level as the clergymen
While confined here in the Birmingham city jail,
Example of PATHOS
Appeals to our fear that we will not be free men
If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk,
my secretaries would have little time for anything other
than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I
would have no time for constructive work
Example of LOGOS
King explains that logically he cannot respond to every
piece of hateful mail he receives because he would
have no time to do his work
Bell Ringer:
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When does action speak louder than words?
Taking a stand requires action as well as
words. On what issues have you been
outspoken? What actions have you taken to
back up your words?
You try...
With your table group discuss the following passage. Find an
example of pathos, logos, and or ethos in the excerpt. There
may be multiple appeals represented. Be able to explain your
answer.
But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms
are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope
will be patient and reasonable terms.
Green: Ethos
Blue: use of an appeal to logic or logos
But since I feel that you are men of
genuine good will and that your
criticisms are sincerely set forth, I
want to try to answer your
statements in what I hope will be
patient and reasonable terms.
Green: Ethos
Blue: use of an appeal to logic or logos
Reading
Independent Practice
Individually you will now finish identifying examples of
logos, pathos, and ethos in Letter from Birmingham Jail.
Choose three different colored pencils and create a key
on your paper that matches a color with an appeal just
like in the examples
Ex. Logos - Blue, Pathos - Red, Ethos - Green
Underline each example in its respective color
Main Points
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All communities in America are related.
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“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”
Four basic steps to nonviolent campaign:
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Collection of the facts to determine whether injustice exist
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Negotiation
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Self-purification
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Direct action
Main Points
“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
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Nonviolent protests draw attention to what has
previously been ignored.
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Those with power and privilege don’t give up
voluntarily; waiting for the right time never comes.
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“We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given
rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward
gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace
toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.”
Main Points
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Individuals have the moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.
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“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
Unjust laws are those who the majority
compels the minority to obey but does
not make it binding on themselves.
Two types of forces in the Negro community
The complacent which are the ones who
have adjusted to segregation.
 The other are those filled with
bitterness and hatred who would
advocate violence.
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Main Points
“Letter From Birmingham Jail”
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“The Negro has many pent-up resentments and
latent frustrations, and he must release them. So
let him march;”
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The churches are not standing up to the moral
responsibility.
Historical Significance
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Racial inequality is still today embedded in our social
setting.
Period 2 and 3
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You have 3 minutes to complete the
MAZE
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Take out your IR journals – Read while I
check them!
Period 4-6
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While I am checking your journals –
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Pd. 4 – Brendyn, Destinie, Brittany,Matthew
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Pd. 5 – Sarah, Cydnie, Taylor,Trenton, Tori,Sajacous,Beau,
Ashaveon
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Pd. 6 –
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Those of you in the list above owe me the Mythology culminating
activity. DO IT NOW!!!
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Everyone else, read quietly!
Facts to know
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2 details that King says make Birmingham unique
among the US cities include: Birmingham is the most
segregated city in the South and there are more
unsolved bombing in Birmingham than in any other
city.
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King shows awareness of and respect for his intended
audience of clergymen by opening and closing with
references to shared concerns and common
brotherhood. King appeals to his audience’s shared
values by making a moral Christian argument and by
referencing Christ and other religious leaders and
thinkers.
Question
If the Negro community had waited as many
suggested would they have received the
rights they now have without some type of
protests?
What makes Dr. King a great communicator?