Transcript D-Star 101 Class

D-STAR 101
Presented by
Texas Interconnect Team
K5TIT
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introductions
Jim McClellan
Lisa McClellan
Bill Moore
Fred Varian
N5MIJ
K5LRM
N5ZPR
WD5ERD
Pete Loveall
Gerry Dalton
Al Shjarback
AE5PL
W5MAY
K1DO
All Users. We can talk about reality!
Session is being recorded. Please hold questions until asked.
No additional recording or photography permitted.
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
D-STAR owned by JARL
– Not owned by manufacturers
– Not Public Domain
Disclaimer
– Not going to debate “what should be” or “why didn’t they…”
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
D-STAR Gateway owned by Icom
– Not Public Domain or Open Source
– May not be copied, shared or redistributed
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Version 1.2 of D-STAR in USA(?)
– Ver 1.0 – Dec ’03, No Gateway, 2 users
– Ver 1.1 – Jan ’05, Gateway, More users, systems
– Ver 1.2 – May ’06, VHF/UHF repeaters, more new users &
systems
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Objectives
– Convey enough information to allow use of new hardware
Repeater installation
Gateway, if chosen
User Radios
– Convey sufficient Gateway information to allow you to join and
protect D-Star network
– Some information on 3rd party applications developed
– Gateway Certification Exam for new trustees
No Sales Effort – Just real results & info
Tight Schedule – lots of material
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
D-STAR is not necessarily what we expect
– Forget everything you think you know about repeaters.
– Forget everything you think you know about networking.
Existing knowledge will help, IF you can
ignore assumptions!
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Introduction to D-STAR
D-STAR 101
D-STAR summary
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Simultaneous digital voice and data
Better Spectral Efficiency
Better Performance
Applications, Applications, Applications
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D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
D-Star vs. FM Operation
FM
Frequency, Offset, PL
Control codes, if available, for linking
D-STAR
Frequency, Offset, Mode, Call Signs (up to 4!)
Gateway Operation
User Linking, not site linking
No person-to-person private conversations. Everyone on
both ends hears both sides of the conversation.
Probable confusion from D-STAR linking vs. normal experience
Will explore in detail later in class
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Introduction to D-STAR
D-STAR 101
Site Equipment Programming
RP2C
Programmed via Ethernet. You MUST know its address!
Default 172.16.0.1
Recommend 172.16.10
Recommend labeling RP2C with 172.16.0.x address
Parameters for Repeaters (suggestion)
23 cm on Port ‘A’
70 cm on Port ‘B’
2 m on Port ‘C’
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Introduction to D-STAR
D-STAR 101
Site Equipment Programming
RP2V, RP2000V, RP4000V
Programmed individually via USB. Multiple COM ports, unless overridden
Tx Freq
Rx Freq
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Introduction to D-STAR
D-STAR 101
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Site Equipment Programming
RP2D
Programmed via USB. Multiple COM ports, unless over-ridden
Freq
Offset
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Other Site Equipment
PA’s
Duplexers
Filters
Feedline
Antenna
Impact of Window Filters on System
Performance
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Introduction to D-STAR
Questions/Discussion
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D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Overview
D-STAR 101
Gateway Functions
Authorization
– Nothing crosses gateway if not authorized
– Local usage unaffected
Routing
– Allows very cellular-like roaming
• Timing constraints, to be discussed a bit later. Not immediate
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Overview
D-STAR 101
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Overview
D-STAR 101
D-Star Gateways
Identical Implementations
Call sign, Internet Address, & MAC address change
Benefits
Specific Network segments & recommendations
172.16.0.x (172.16.0.1 -> 172.16.0.10)
10.0.0.x (NO CHANGES* No additions!)
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Gateway Requirements
Fixed, Routable Internet IP Address
Router must support Class ‘A’ Network on LAN Port
Router must support Port Forwarding
PC, with two NIC’s, Linux, as specified
Unique call required, probably club call (NOT Trustee!)
Gateway PC and RP2C must be co-located
VPN testing
NY & CA examples
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Users all have Fixed IP Addresses
IP Address only used on device on other side of ID-1
Radios are transparent bridges
IP address not used for voice or low-speed data
Use of multiple ID’s
Use when multiple radios in use at same time
(ie: ID-800 for voice, ID-1 for data)
Routing all done by Call Sign, must differentiate
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Overview
D-STAR 101
Gateway Call Routing
All calls are source-routed
Originating gateway determines complete route to output
port/band
No modification/rerouting by target Gateway
Creates potential problems – discuss in later segment
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Summary
All Gateways configured identically
Allows “roaming”
Gateways require Fixed Internet address
Gateway routers have MUST support Class ‘A’ LAN
Gateway PC must be at site with RP2C
Users all have fixed IP address assigned
Radios are transparent bridges
Gateway calls are Source-Routed
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Overview
Questions/Discussion
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D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File Concepts
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Gateway driven by 3 data tables
GIP - list of known Gateway systems
RIP - list of IP Block reservations for users
MNG - list of users and most recent Gateway
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
D-STAR 101
Primary Data Tables in MEMORY
Disk files are backups of last generation
No way to directly edit memory tables
MNG has limited “delete”
Indirect editing only
“write”/edit/”read”
synchronization issues
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Boot sequence of new gateway
Synchronizes with TRUST_SERVER
Pulls GIP, RIP, & MNG tables
Contacts EVERY Gateway in GIP table for sync
Database is replicated, not distributed
Network is full-mesh, not hierarchical
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
D-STAR 101
Periodic Gateway Sync
Daily
Whenever contacts are made inter-zone
Timing?
Problems resulting from Gateway sync timing
Users unable to hear directed calls
(source routing!)
Propagation of errors throughout network
Hard to remove
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
How to force clean start
Shut down gateway processes – dsgwd & dsipsvd
Completely clear /var/dsipsvd directory
Reboot Gateway
Tables in memory not cleared if processes restarted
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Potentially many independent D-STAR
networks
All based on definition of TRUST_SERVER
System cannot participate in multiple networks
would cross-sync and merge networks
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Summary
Three primary tables – GIP, RIP, & MNG tables
Primary tables are in memory
Disk files are backup
Gateway pull initial tables from TRUST_SERVER
Cannot directly edit tables
Process for cleaning & restarting
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway and Data File
Concepts
Questions/Discussion
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Break
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation & Verification
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Installation &
Verification
D-STAR 101
Process Overview
Build System
Test & Validate with Icom Test System
Completely clear the system
Change to production TRUST_SERVER
Reboot
Test & Validate
Importance of Validation on Test System
vs. Production
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Building the Gateway
RS-RP2C Setting Manual – READ FIRST!
Linux Installation
Fedora Core 4. FC 5 Not yet verified.
Watch configuration of ‘named’. Manual not clear
Test & validate ‘named’ as described in manual
Generally, don’t run GUI – set runlevel as instructed
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Installation &
Verification
D-STAR 101
Router Information
Need MAC address of LAN port on router
Many have labels. Some are correct.
‘arp’ command will always give correct data.
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Gateway Installation
Run the ‘tar’ command from the ‘/’ directory!
Follow instructions to copy .conf files
Configure /etc/dsgwd.conf & /etc/dsipsvd.conf
Set TRUST_SERVER to TEST SYSTEM!
Configure /etc/syslog.conf for log files – VERY helpful!
Create /var/dsipsvd
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Installation &
Verification
D-STAR 101
Startup of GATEWAY
MANUAL IS WRONG
Significant typo on p.6!
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Installation &
Verification
D-STAR 101
Correct Startup
Both processes running (dsgwd * dsipsvd)
ps –aef | grep dstar
Complete set of files in /var/dsipsvd (GIP, RIP, MNG)
No errors in /var/log/dsipsvd.log
If errors, review log files.
Most likely errors:
Incorrect router MAC address
Incorrectly configured ‘named’
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Test Process
Coordinate with Icom Tech Support for use of Test System
Verify system running correctly
Execute ONE (1!) ‘reserve’ command
Add ONE (1!) user (yourself)
Execute ‘push mng’ command
Coordinate test QSO with Icom Tech Support
When correctly validated, they’ll give you information on production
TRUST_SERVER (USRoot)
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Moving to Production
Clear system
Change TRUST_SERVER
Reboot
Execute ONE (1!) ‘reserve’ command
Add ONE (1!) user (Yourself)
Execute ‘push mng’
Coordinate test QSO
Add additional users as required
Execute addional ‘reserve’ commands as required
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Installation &
Verification
D-STAR 101
Command Queues
All interaction with Gateway is via command queues
/var/dsipsvd-cmdin & /var/dsipsvd-cmdout
Most commands should generate ‘200 Command OK’
Otherwise, look in log files for error details
/var/log/dsgwd.log
/var/log/dsipsvd.log
Limited help available via ‘help’ command
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Summary
Take your time in installation, follow instructions
Pay attention to typo on p.6 of manual
Test with Icom Tech Support to validate
Join Production network
Be prudent in use of ‘reserve’ command
Watch log files for error descriptions
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Installation &
Verification
Questions/Discussion
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Operations
D-STAR 101
Four call signs used
MYCALL – Call sign of the originating station
URCALL – Call sign of the desired target station, or CQCQCQ
RPT1 – Call sign (& port) of the originating repeater
RPT2 – Call sign & designator of the gateway
Can also be used for designated local cross-band use
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Registration
No registration required for local use
No call sign required for local use !!!!
No private conversations
both ends hear all
User linking, not site linking
Not all users on site can participate
Opportunity for confusion!!!
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Operations
D-STAR 101
Multiple ways to traverse Gateway
User-Specific call
“Follow-me Roaming”
Sync Timing Issues
Source Routing & gateway sync timing create inability to hear a userspecific call – illustrate in a moment.
Zone call
Example - URCALL = ‘/K5TIT’
Specific routing of zone call – defaults to Port ‘A’
Port-specific zone call
Example – URCALL = ‘/K5TIT C’
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Source Routing vs. Sync Timing
Creates inability to receive User-specific call
Discuss example
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Gateway Operations
D-STAR 101
User Concerns
User “error codes”
‘UR *’
‘RPT ?’
‘Did I make the repeater?’
Courtesy tone discussion
Problems with full-duplex operation
‘Kerchunking a D-STAR system
No squelch tail
Call known bad user, (ie: WN5ABC), should return ‘UR *’
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Interfacing Digital and Analog Systems
Technically possible – of course!
Limitations
Analog users can’t vary call signs like URCALL & RPT2
Analog users can’t participate in all conversations
Creates impression of “D-STAR doesn’t work”
Analog users can’t see any included data
D-STAR repeaters pass all D-STAR encoded voice and data.
Also allows use of applications, discussed later
Good use of analog/digital interface
Emergency situation, no gateway, local-only
MUST limit confusion
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Operations
Questions/Discussion
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Public Relations & promotion of D-Star
with new & existing users. (LISA)
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D-STAR 101
Adding New Users
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Call sign length and why
Call sign modifier, who needs them, and how to
handle them.
DNS alias
Command line
Checking the results
Local Registrar
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Call signs
Call signs must have a total length of eight
characters.
The 8th column contains the Port ID or Modifier
for a user.
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Call sign modifier
Who needs them
How to handle them
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Call sign modifiers
D-STAR 101
This is the extra letter placed in the 8th column
of a user’s call sign.
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Who needs them
D-STAR 101
Users that need more than a single ID.
Any user that will have two or more radios in
use at the same time.
Any user that needs more than one IP address.
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How to handle them
D-STAR 101
The recommended convention is a letter added
to the 8th column.
Example
N5ZPR**B
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
DNS Alias
D-STAR 101
This applies the local DNS entry for D-Star.
Call sign in lower case
A “-” between a modifier and the call sign
Example
n5zpr
n5zpr-b
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Add Command
D-STAR 101
Call Sign (Upper Case)
Area Repeater (Upper Case)
Zone Repeater (Upper Case)
Zone Public IP Address
Assigned IP Address
DNS Alias
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Entering Command
D-STAR 101
This is done from the Linux command prompt
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
Check the Results
D-STAR 101
Check output queue
Check the MNG table
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Local Registrar
D-STAR 101
Each system should have a local Registrar.
Someone to keep track of who was assigned what IP address. That
person should also be the one who adds users.
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
User Configurations
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D-STAR 101
Applications
Questions/Discussion
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
DStarMonitor
Activity Monitor
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
DStarMonitor
D-STAR 101
• Java Application
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Runs on Gateway server
Requires Java 1.5.0 or above
Uses jPCAP (port monitor)
Uses JDBC (mySQL driver for dstarusers.org)
• Activity monitor on Gateway <-> Controller
IP link
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Station ID
• All station presence is reported to the
Gateway from the Controller, even RF-only
• RF-only does not identify type of activity
• RF<->Gateway activity identifies type of
activity (DV or DD)
• Only IDs reported from the controller
recorded
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
Gateway Activity
• DV activity totaled per transmission for
one record
• DD activity reported for each IP packet
• Packets not recorded, just stations, times,
time spans, and packet sizes
• Use these records for Gateway usage
accounting
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
DStarMonitor
D-STAR 101
Internet
Repeater Site
Router
JDBC to SQL
DStarMonitor
jPCAP
Gateway Server
e
Passiv
Controller
Data Repeater
Voice Repeater
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
dstarusers.org
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
dstarusers.org
• Controlled access to MySQL
• Must open firewall port for your gateway
• Register your system on-line at:
• http://www.d-starusers.org/gwreg1.php
• Sysop will send you return email with
further details
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
D-PRS
Icom GPS/APRS Gateway
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
D-PRS
• Icom implements GPS reporting on DV
• GPS is carried on standard DV data
channel
• APRS Interfaces Developed
– javAPRSSrvr – IGate (gateway to APRS-IS)
– DStarTNC2 – APRS client interface
– DGate – TNC-X D-STAR->APRS RF Interface
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
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javAPRSSrvr/
DStarTNC2
Java/J# based
Bidirectional
DV error detection
Loop protection
Icom GPS supported
APRS TNC2 format supported
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-PRS
APRS-IS
D-STAR 101
APRS-IS
3 Wire
RS232
IP
DStar Radio
Server
javAPRSIGate
TCP/IP
to
APRS-IS
TNCInterface
DSTARInteface
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
To/From
Serial Port
D-PRS
APRS Client
D-STAR 101
3 Wire
RS232
DStar Radio
APRS/Serial
Client
APRS Client
TCP/IP
DStarTNC2
To/From
Serial Port
Serial Client
TCP/IP
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team
D-STAR 101
D-PRS
D-STAR Repeaters
Copyright © 2006 – Texas Interconnect Team