Transcript Life Span Development

Lesson
LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT
KEY TERMS
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Large motor skills
Small motor skills
Heredity
Environment
Developmental tasks
Prenatal
Embryo
Fetus
Reflexes
Eye-hand coordination
Parallel play
Cooperative play
hormones
THE JOURNEY OF DEVELOPMENT
Human Development is a process that
continues through the life span.
 Change is one of the constant features of life’s
journey.
 An understanding of human development also
helps you relate to people at other stages such
as your parents, older and younger relatives .
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AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT
Each person develops into a unique individual
with his or her own appearance, abilities, and
personality.
 Five areas of development are:
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Physical development
Intellectual development
Emotional development
Social development
Moral development
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
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These changes include:
 Appearance
 Strength
 Coordination
Motor Skills:
 Large motor skills- these include your large
muscles in the arms and legs.
 Small motor skills- these are the smaller body
parts such as your hands, for tasks such as writing,
and using tools.
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
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This area involves your ability to think,
understand, reason, and communicate.
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Young children first experience the world
through their senses.
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They learn to organize the information their
senses give them and put it into words.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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Infants have a limited way of expressing their
emotions. They cry if they are displeased and
smile if they are happy.
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As children mature they learn to recognize and
express more complex emotions and to handle
them in socially acceptable ways.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Children start to develop social skills at an early
age.
 They learn to get along with other children,
share, and make friends.
 More complex social skills, such as
cooperating, negotiating, and building different
kinds of relationships, develop over time.
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT
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Children learn to understand right from wrong.
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Once they understand the difference, they
develop a conscience that will eventually guide
their behavior and help them develop moral
standards.
INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT
Heredity- refers to the set of characteristics that
you inherit from your parents and ancestors.
You inherit these characteristics through genes,
the basic units of heredity that are passed on
from parents to their children.
 The genes determine physical traits such as
eye color, hair color, height, and build.
 The tendency to be easygoing or shy may be
inherited.
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INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT
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Environment- everything that surrounds you-also has a
profound impact on your development.
Your environment includes family, friends, home, school,
neighborhood, and community.
Home life influences children’s development as they
grow.
A loving and supportive home environment will have
positive effects on emotional development.
A family’s living conditions, economic status, culture,
traditions, level of education, access to health care, and
involvement in the community are other environmental
aspects.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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Prenatal Development- begins with conception and
ends with birth.
First 8 weeks the developing baby is called an embryo.
-During the embryo phase the major body
structures and internal organs form and the heart
begins to beat.
 From 9 week until birth the developing baby is referred
to as the fetus.
-During this period the bones harden, the muscles
grow strong, and the body systems reach full
development.
 Healthy babies start with healthy mothers!
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Infancy
 Changes and growth during infancy occur more
rapidly than at any other stage of life.
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Physical development-Newborns are entirely dependent
on others, yet they have many inborn abilities that
enable them to interact with their world.
 Reflexes-
automatic, involuntary responses.
 Eye hand coordination-the ability to make price movements
with the hands in relation to what the eyes see.
INFANCY CONTINUED
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Intellectual development
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From the start they are eager to explore their
world and learn about it.
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They cry, babble, and point to show their ways
of communication.
INFANCY CONTINUED
Emotional development
 Developing trust is an important emotional
task.
 Through daily contact they learn to develop
trust with those individuals that give them a
sense of security.
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INFANCY CONTINUED
Social development
 Infants quickly develop social skills.
 They smile around 3 months
 They recognize familiar faces and voices by 7
months.
 They also become fearful of people they do not
recognize.
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TODDLERHOOD
Growth slows as they become toddlers.
 During this stage (1-3 years old) children
master an amazing number of skills.
 Physical Development
 Most
are walking by 15 months.
 They enjoy taking things apart and putting them
back together again.(repetition is fun)
TODDLERHOOD
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Intellectual development
 Language
grows from just a few words to putting
phrases together.
 Begins to grasp the concept of Cause and effect.
 Learning about size and space. Smaller objects
can go on larger objects.
 Enjoy looking at books with colorful pictures with
short repetitive sentences.
 Points to familiar pictures and objects and names
them.
TODDLERHOOD
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Emotional Development
 As
toddlers begin to do things themselves, they get
a sense of self esteem that they can do anything.
 Mood swings are random and emotions run wild
during this time.
TODDLERHOOD
Social Development
 Toddlers tend to engage in parallel play, which
is playing along side other children but not
actually playing with them.
 They are very independent and want to do
things by themselves.
 They often experience frustration at his stage.
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TODDLERHOOD
Toddlers begin to develop a sense of right and
wrong.
 They discover that some behaviors are
acceptable while other behaviors are
unacceptable.
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THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
These are children between the ages of 3- 5
years old.
 They are more independent and have better
control over their bodies.
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THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
Physical Development
 Preschoolers’ large motor skills are well
developed.
 They can hop, run in even strides, pedal a
tricycle, and throw and catch a ball.
 Their small motor skills are also better
developed. They can cut paper with scissors
and draw letters and other objects.
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THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
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Intellectual Development
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Most preschoolers begin to learn to count ,
identify colors and recognize the letters of the
alphabet.
THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
Emotional Development
 The preschoolers are less self centered and do
not so easily frustrated.
 They do experience emotions from fear and
anxiety to joy and pride.
 They may display many fears because they
can’t always distinguish between fantasy and
reality.
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THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
Social Development
 They move from the parallel play to cooperative
play- which is playing together in small groups.
 The playing helps them to take turns, share,
and solve problems together.
 Around age 4 or 5 a child is likely to choose
another child as his/ her best friend.
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THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
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Preschoolers have a rigid sense of right and
wrong. They know that adults set the rules and
they get upset when someone doesn’t follow
the rules.
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They tend to know the concepts of fairness and
justice.
THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
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Begins to spend large periods of time in a
structured setting away from home.
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Interaction with other adults and with peers
helps them build on their skills.
THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
Physical Development
 Baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones.
 They can ride bicycles and participate in games
that involve more skillful running, jumping, and
throwing.
 They write and draw more precisely.
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THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
Intellectual Development
 School age children are curious about their
world.
 They ask many questions and acquire
reasoning skills as they think about why and
how things happen.
 They use symbols such as numbers and
letters, which enables them to read and do
simple arithmetic.
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THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
Emotional Development
 They outgrow their preschool fears.
 They have feelings of stress caused by
academic stress and home life.
 Children with high self-esteem and a supportive
family are more likely to handle stress
effectively.
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THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
Social Development
 They form peer groups and help them learn
how to negotiate and compromise in group
settings.
 They share and consider the feelings of others.
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THE SCHOOL-AGE YEARS
Moral Development
 They begin to realize that many rules are
flexible and can be changed.
 They care about what people think and most
want to be thought of as “good”.
 Children’s consciences take on a stronger role
at this stage.
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ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is a time of exciting changes in all
areas of development.
 This the period in your life when you prepare for
adulthood.
 Responding to these changes in a positive way
eases the transition.
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ADOLESCENCE
Physical Development
 Adolescence begins the onset of puberty, the
bodily changes that indicate sexual maturity in
the physical sense.
 These changes are triggered by hormones.
 The shape of the body changes and acne
occurs.
 A sense of humor is helpful for dealing with the
physical changes of adolescence.
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ADOLESCENCE
Intellectual Development
 You develop the ability to reflect on the results
of your decisions and to learn from your
mistakes.
 Able to think abstractly.
 Able to consider different solutions to a
problem, test new ideas, and form your own
judgments.
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ADOLESCENCE
Emotional Development
 Hormones affect emotions. Mood swings are
common and many teens experience stress
related the changes they are going through.
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Adolescence also brings increased sexual
awareness.
ADOLESCENCE
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Tips on coping with mood swings:
 Recognize
that mood swings are a normal part of
adolescence.
 Talk with friends and family about your feelings.
 Do something that relaxes you or helps you let off
steam.
 Find tactful ways to let others know you would like
to be left alone.
ADOLESCENCE
Social Development
 It is typical that you want to spend more time
with your peers than with your family.
 Friendships become deeper and more stable.
 Romantic feelings often develop during this
stage.
 However many teens are not ready for one to
one relationships and prefer to spend time with
a group of friends.
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ADOLESCENCE
Moral Development
 Most teens know the difference between right
and wrong, but don’t always act accordingly.
 Because you want to fit in and please others
you may feel pressured to go along with the
crowd.
 One of the responsibilities of becoming an
adult is to examine your beliefs and traditions
and develop a strong value system of your own.
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EARLY ADULTHOOD
This is an exciting time marked by many
changes.
 Individuals determine who they are and what
they want to do.
 These are the busiest years of your life, as you
complete your education, establish a career,
gain financial independence, and build long
term relationships.
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EARLY ADULTHOOD
Physically young adults are at their peak.
 They have finished growing and have the
potential to enjoy a high level of fitness.
 Young adults need to make an effort to stay
active and fit to prevent later health problems.
 This is often a very sociable time.
 Many young adults begin to marry and raise
families of their own.
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MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
This is a period of reflection.
 Many people at this stage take stock of their lives
and reexamine their priorities.
 Major life changes and events can occur such as
divorce, remarriage, children leaving home, birth
of grandchildren, or the illness or death of parents.
 This stage can become a balancing act for many.
 Sooner or later some physical changes associated
with aging occurs such as gray hair appears and a
need for reading glasses.
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LATE ADULTHOOD
People are living longer due to advances in
health care and medicine.
 Many folks in this stage continue to work
because they want to or maybe they can not
afford to stop working.
 Physical changes do cause people to slow
down and change the way they do things.
 It is all in the attitude!
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SPECIAL NEEDS
There are those folks that have special needs or
disabilities that require some adaptation to the
typical pattern of development.
 Some of these categories are:
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Physical disabilities
 Mental disabilities
 Learning disabilities
 Emotional disabilities
It is so important to recognize and meet the special
needs of the folks when they are in younger years, so
that they can learn to reach their full potential.
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