Transcript Behavior modification

Behavior modification
4th Class
Testing hypotheses
Field observation
Deadline: 28th March
Maximum range: 2 pages
Changing your behavior
5+5 list
Exercise
• Write on a sheet of paper
▫ Your name
▫ 5 things I would like to do more or less often
• We will collect the papers and return on next
lesson
• We will only share them anonymously
• You have 3 minutes
Behavioral assessment – typical steps
1
2
3
• Define the behaviors
• (problem and target behavior)
• Functional assessment
• Identify functional relation between the problem
behavior and it’s Antecedents & Consequences
• Perform an intervention
Functional assessment - steps
1. Gather information via indirect and descriptive
assessment
2. Interpret information from indirect and
descriptive assessment
3. Test hypothesis using functional analysis
4. Develop intervention options based on the
function of problem behavior
Testing approaches
• Group design can not be used :(
• Single case design
▫ Baseline period
▫ Intervention period
▫ ABAB design
• Multiple baseline design
• Alternating treatments design
Procrastination
Testing hypotheses
Exercise
• In groups 4-6 people:
▫ Pick one person to be an interviewee
▫ Create 3-5 A-B-C record for procrastination
 Be as specific as possible (measurable and
observable behaviors)
▫ Interpret the functional relations
▫ Try to design testing approach for at least 2 of
them in the ABAB format
▫ Do not design an intervention!
• You have 6+4 minutes
Functional assessment - steps
1. Gather information via indirect and descriptive
assessment
2. Interpret information from indirect and
descriptive assessment
3. Test hypothesis using functional analysis
4. Develop intervention options based on the
function of problem behavior
INCREASING the rate of behavior
• Reinforcement
▫ Positive
▫ Negative
• Prompting and fading
• Shaping and chaining
▫ Chaining - Forward and backward
DECREASING the rate of behavior
• Extinction
• Differential reinforcement
▫ Low rate
▫ Alternative behavior
▫ Incompatible behavior
• Punishment
Law of effect
• E.L.Thorndike (1911)
• In any given situation,
the probability of a
behavior occuring is a
function of the
consequence that the
behaviour had in that
situation in the past.
Reinforcement
• Providing consequences that increase or
maintain the frequency of behaviour
• A specific event that causes reinforcement is
called REINFORCER
• REINFORCER IS NOT REWARD. Reinforcer is
defined by results.
Types of reinforcement
Positive
• Something is added
following a behavior
Negative
• Something is removed
following a behavior
Types of reinforcement
Primary
• Are reinforcing as a
result of our evolution
as species
Secondary
• Aquire power thorugh
ther association with
other reinformcers
Case studies
• Case Study 1
▫ Girl that does not interact with other children
• Case Study 2
▫ Girl that does not eat
Rules for using reinforcement
• Define target behaviour
• Select appropriate reinforcers
▫ Try to find positive reinforcers
▫ Go for the secondary reinforcers (primary tend to
satiate quickly)
• Make reinforcement immediate and certain
• Monitor results
Procrastination
Intervention design
Exercise
• In pairs
▫ Design a reinforcement intervention for increasing
target behavior „doing your task according to
plan“.
▫ Use the previous results (functional relations)
• You have 10 minutes
Discussion
[The end of the today's class]