Transcript Overview

Perfect Poster
Presentations
Jonathan Cass, Director of Community Projects
Drexel School of Public Health
Philadelphia, PA
215-267-4396
[email protected]
Flavius Lilly, Assistant Vice President
Academic and Student Affairs
University of Maryland, Baltimore
410-706-7767
[email protected]
Purpose of Poster
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A poster should tell a story
Public Health
Initiate discussion
Attract attention…in a
positive way
Should stand alone
Reflection of several months to a year or
more of your work
Layout and Content
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Should make just one point loudly and clearly
Should follow guidelines of published paper
Overall format should be consistent
Use space effectively
Your Fabulous Research Title
F.M. Last Name1, F.M. Last name2 and F.M. Last Name2
1. Drexel University School of Public Health, 2. Philadelphia Department of Health
Abstract
Background
Project Aims
Methods
Results
Results
(Table)
(Figure)
Results
Conclusions
(Figure)
Problem
Model
Results
(Figure)
(Figure)
Recommend
Layout and Content
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Plain Language
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Short sentences, not too much text
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid technical terms
SPELL CHECK!
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Only use tables for descriptive statistics of your
subjects sets of correlation coefficients
Few Tables – Lots of graphs, figures
Big Plain Fonts
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Title – 40-60 pt. font
Panels – 20-30 pt. font
e.g. Times, Arial, Bookman
Biggest mistake: too much text!
Dental Disease in Alaska Native Children, Aged 11-3 Years, and Their Mothers
For more information, contact:
Christine A. Riedy,
Dept. of Dental Public Health Sciences
Box 357475
Seattle, WA 98195
Tel. 206 543-2034
E-mail [email protected]
Christine A. Riedy, Charlotte W. Lewis, Peter Domoto and David C. Grossman
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Poster No. #
METHODS (cont’d)
Abstract
Objective: Childhood dental disease has steadily decreased in the U.S., however, the decrease has not
occurred across all groups. Alaska Native children are four and a half times more likely to have decay
compared to non-Native counterparts. In this pilot study, we sought to determine the oral health status of
young Alaska Native children and their mothers and to compare their disease with behavioral risk factors
known to be associated with decay in other populations.
Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study of two Native communities in Alaska.
Children, aged 1-3 years, were randomly selected using an age-stratified approach from the regional
health corporation’s computerized enrollment database. Children and a subset of their mothers were
examined for the presence of dental disease. Additionally, a subset of child-mother specimen pairs were
examined for their presence and level of Streptococcus mutans, the oral microbiota associated with dental
decay. Mothers completed a 43-item questionnaire regarding traditional dietary, feeding and childcare
practices as well as oral hygiene practices and use of tobacco products.
Results: Of the 65 children examined, 57% had any decayed, extracted, or filled teeth (deft). The
prevalence of disease increased with age (12% of the 12-18 month olds vs.84% of the 30-36 month olds).
Approximately 98% of the 44 mothers had decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) with one community
of mothers having more teeth affected. Most mothers reported cleaning their children’s teeth, although
20% brushed at least once per day. Most children had or do use a bottle at bedtime, but 94% were using a
cup to drink. Snacking was prevalent in children from both communities, however, the one community
consumed significantly more candy than the other. Moreover, this was the community with a
significantly higher mean number of decayed, extracted, and filled surfaces (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Dental disease affected most of the Alaska Native children 3 years of age and under in
these communities. Not surprisingly, virtually all mothers had decay. Issues of transmission and poor
dietary habits are paramount in this population given the high rate of maternal disease and the high rate of
snacking on cariogenic foods and liquids.
OBJECTIVES
•To assess the oral health status of Alaska Native
children (aged 1-3 years) and their mothers.
•To compare the children’s and mother’s oral health
results with potential behavioral risk factors related to
oral health.
•To develop and recommend a prevention program based
on the data as well as gathered information about the
health care and delivery system.
•Procedures:
Clinical Examination
- children (N=65) examined for presence and amount of
decayed, extracted or filled surfaces and teeth (defs, deft)
[subsample (N=6) examined to establish validity of exams (2 examiners
agreed on 97% of surfaces)]
- mothers (N=44) examined for presence of decayed,
missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal disease
Behavioral Questionnaire
- 43-item instrument to assess mother’s and child’s dental Hx,
tobacco and dietary practices as well as maternal childcare
and feeding practices, and child’s oral hygiene practices.
Microbiologic Measures
- culture for Streptococcus mutans w/ BBLTM CultureSwabTM
system in a subset of mother/child pairs (N=28)
- swab back and forth along gingival sulcus for 20 sec
- samples transported within 24 h for S. mutans culture
•Analysis:
Data analyzed using SPSS v.9.0
- Prevalence of disease (deft, DMFT) was expressed as the
proportion of children, mothers examined.
- Descriptive analyses of the demographic, caries,
microbiology, and survey data were calculated.
METHODS
RESULTS
•Population: Children, aged 1-3 years and a subset of their
Subjects’ Description -
mothers in two Southwest Alaska communities
Mean age (SD) of children examined:
23 months (7.9) - Comm. A; 24 months (7.0) - Comm. B
•Design: Cross-sectional study using an age-stratified approach
(12-18, 19-24, 25-30, and 31-36 months)
•Sample:
Community A - 110 randomly selected children; excluded 6
(5 moved out of area, 1 incorrect contact information) - 32%
response rate
Community B - 56 children (all children in age range);
excluded 4 (3 out of area, 1 deceased ) - 40% response rate
RESULTS (cont’d)
Disease Prevalence -
Gender distribution among children examined:
58% males - Comm. A; 50% males - Comm. B
Household makeup of children examined:
~80% of all children lived w/ both mothers and fathers
73% w/ 1-2 other children - Comm. A;
60% w/ 3-6 other children - Comm. B (p< 0.01)
Mean age (SD) of mothers examined: 27 (6.2) years
Slightly less than 3/4 of all mothers completed 12th grade
Overall, the prevalence of child disease (any deft) is high and increases
incrementally w/ age:
57% any deft; ~12% at 12-18 months vs. ~84% at 30-36 months
Communities differ in mean deft (SD):
2.0 (3.6) - Comm. A; 4.4 (4.8) - Comm. B (p< 0.05)
Nearly all mothers have dental disease (any DMFT):
~98% with any DMFT
Communities differ in mean DMFT (SD):
10.0 (5.2) - Comm. A; 15.1 (5.9) - Comm. B (p< 0.05)
Communities differ in mean colony counts (CFU’s) of S. mutans
Children: 2.5 x 103 (Comm. A); 5.6 x 103 (Comm. B)
Mothers: 3.2 x 102 (Comm. A); 2.4 x 104 (Comm. B)
Behavioral Factors - not all variables represented
Oral Health Practices:
Although only 1/4 of the children ever saw a dentist, most
mothers reported cleaning their teeth.
• Overall, ~ 28% of the children 3 & under ever visited the dentist.
• Although 85-97% of mothers reported cleaning child’s teeth,
only 1/5 reported cleaning 1-2x/day.
• ~65% reported cleaning child’s teeth with fluoride toothpaste.
Feeding/Dietary Practices:
Although most children have used bottles, almost all were reported to use
the cup as well.
• Overall, ~ 88% of the children do or have taken a bottle to bed.
• Most of the children’s bottles are filled with milk (66%).
• However, ~ 94% of the children use a cup.
Although the communities differ in # of times/week the children ate candy,
all children consumed 2 or more snacks per day.
• 40% ate candy a few times/week - Comm. A vs.
35% at candy a few times/day - Comm. B (p<0.02)
• Overall, ~ 70% of the children ate 2-4 snacks per day.
• Overall, ~ 61% of children 3 & under chew sugar gum.
CONCLUSIONS
Issues of transmission and poor dietary habits are paramount in this
population given the high rate of maternal disease and the high rate of
snacking on cariogenic foods and liquids.
A program to reduce or prevent transmission of
maternal bacteria would be beneficial.
Spice it up!
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Lots of tasteful and coordinated color
Clear graphics
Clear illustrations
Photographs OK
Have visual impact! (positive visual impact)
Poster Printing
Drexel Graphics Lab
MacAlister Hall Room 4013
Peter Groesbeck
[email protected]
Center for Scientific Communication & Outreach
New College Building, Room 18302
Raphael Lukov, Associate Director
[email protected]
Or any professional printing service, e.g. Kinkos, Makesigns.com,
Postersession.com (usually email a PPT or PDF file leave time for
shipping)
All Posters Must Include Drexel Dragon Logo
(upper left)
Official logo can be found on Drexel’s graphic
identity program website
http://www.drexel.edu/about/communications/policies.aspx
or on the templates posted on the CBMP website
Reminder
Be sure to get your poster approved by Jon Cass and
your CBMP Advisor!