Transcript Slide 1

Ensuring Continuing Access to Online
Scholarly Resources
Stewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access,
Geography & History!
Peter Burnhill
Director, EDINA National Data Centre,
University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK
September 2009
1
Re-making History and Geography
As a visitor from a small island in the Far West of shared land mass
… whose organisation and client community now lives on the Internet!
I say
你好
"nihao”
2
Overview for Talk
1.
Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card
•
2.
Our Changing World:
•
3.
An abstract model
How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have
continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need
Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity
•
5.
Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources
Re-thinking Our Role
•
4.
UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA
PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service
How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?
•
at the national or regional level
•
at the trans-national, global level
3
Overview for Talk
1.
An abstract model
How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have
continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need
Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity
•
5.
Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources
Re-thinking Our Role
•
4.
UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA
Our Changing World:
•
3.
to break for Questions after each part*
Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card
•
2.
*Happy
PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service
How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?
•
at the national or regional level
•
at the trans-national, global level
4
1. Introduction and Business Card: setting the scene
•
Personal biography / background
•
‘25 years of digital inexperience’
[email protected]
•
University of Edinburgh
•
•
www.ed.ac.uk
‘my employer’ and ‘the host institution for EDINA’
JISC - Joint Information Systems Committee
www.jisc.ac.uk
•
•
‘UK context’, ‘the money’ and ‘the vision’
EDINA
•
www.edina.ac.uk
‘the organisation I lead’
5
Personal Biography
•
Degree in Economics
– special subject was planned economies, including China & USSR
First went to work at Economic & Social Research Council in
London as research administrator
Decided to change career
•
Masters’ degree in Statistics
(at London School of Economics)
Moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1979
–My mother had been born in Scotland; I used to visit on school holidays
6
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UK
*a history of global influence on ideas & invention
*Scottish Enlightenment, 18th Century
*a society that has long wished to be ‘evidence based’
*That we should know ourselves, and the reason for things
Edinburgh
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582
First ‘civic’ university,
a research-led
international university
in UK, and perhaps in Europe
Law & Medicine
James Simpson
Natural Sciences
Charles Darwin,
Joseph Black,
James Clerk Maxwell
Philosophy & Economics
David Hume,
Adam Smith,
Adam Ferguson
University of Edinburgh is aiming to be World Class!
23rd [up from 30th in 2005] in ‘Times Higher’ 2008 World University Rankings:
1st Harvard (USA); 2nd= Cambridge & Oxford (UK), Yale (USA)
.
6th Imperial College London; 7th University College London (UK)
.
22nd Kings College London; 23rd Edinburgh; 29th Manchester
USA has 58 in the top 200, EU has 82, including UK with 29
* Not the only Index/Ranking; Should anyone worry about such statistics?
The six criteria, weighted and added together, are peer review (40%), citations (20%),
staff/student ratio (20%), employer review (10%), international staff (5%) and
international students (5%).
University of Edinburgh in 2007/8
Total income (£m):
HE Funding Councils
Research Grants/Contracts
Student Fees
(2003/4)
555 (353)
Total Students: 25,700 (23,000)
177 (125)
143 (103)
82 ( 54)
full time: 21,500 (20,000)
part time: 4,200 ( 3,000)
[3,000 academic + 3,000+ other staff = £297m (£202m)]
Source of Research Income (£m): 143 (103)
Research Councils 41
Charities 24
UK Government, eg JISC 13
EU Bodies 14
Commerce 10
Type of student %
undergraduates 72 (75)
taught postgraduates 14 (11)
research postgraduates 14 (14)
%
(35)
(28)
(22)
( 7)
( 6)
Strategy is to reduce dependence on Government and to internationalize.
Note: in 2003/4, EDINA earnt £2.5m of the £4m the
University gets from the JISC [update for 2007/08]
Student Origin %
from Scotland 46 (46)
Other UK 32 (30)
EU 9 ( 8)
other international 15 (14)
2% from China
26,424 students in 2008/9
?% from China
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582
University of Edinburgh Alumni from China
Huang Kuan was first
Chinese graduate:
Doctor of Medicine in 1857
Late Professor Yang
Liming, leading nuclear
physicist in China & world
Office in Beijing &
Confucius Institute
in Edinburgh
Professor Zhong Nan-shan,
who identified SARS virus,
received honorary degree in
2007
Professor Fan WenFei,
graduate of Beijing University,
is now in Informatics
In 2001, Professor Huang Kun
(who worked with Max Born,
Edinburgh Nobel prize-winne)
received Supreme Scientific
and Technological Award from
President Jiang Zemin for solid state physics
So, I’m a data person
Employed by the University of Edinburgh, since 1979
•
First as survey statistician in research centre for educational sociology
& then senior lecturer in social science graduate school
In 1984 I changed career again to set up Edinburgh University
Data Library
Then combining that with
Co-director,
Director,
Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1987/93
EDINA national data centre, 1996 - present day
Past-President
of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001
•international assoc. for data librarians and archivists
www.iassistdata.org
Director, Digital
www.dcc.ac
Curation Centre, 2004 - 2006 (Phase 1)
• 25 years of digital inexperience
•as information methodologist and strategist
• and I have had to learn to work with, and for:
• other researchers, librarians, software engineers,
• data curators, teachers, etc
13
wearing two formal hats
1.
Director, EDINA National Data Centre
*
–
with a staff of 75+
serving staff and students at all UK universities and colleges
funded by the JISC, so I must say something about
JISC!
2. Member of the directorate of the Information Services at
University of Edinburgh
–
–
My boss: Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management & Librarian to
University
My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing and of AV/Learning
Technology, now in converged service divisions
•Also
speaking here with you as a fellow professional
–trying to make sense of what is going on,
–planning for the future during ‘interesting times’
14
Joint Information Systems Committee
Standing committee of the UK funding councils for higher and further
education (an agent of Government Agencies)
•
Governing Board with Sub-Committees for specific areas with
representatives from universities and other research bodies
Responsible for ‘top-slice’ recurrent funding + special capital grants:
• To manage and fund projects within thematic programmes
•
•
Outputs and lessons made available to HE and FE community.
To support 50 Services
•
•
providing online resources, expertise, advice and guidance
3 largest services are
• JANET(UK) - which oversees high speed networking
• two national academic data centres, EDINA and Mimas
•
Executive of 80 staff to support work of JISC Board and
sub-committees
Strategic Mission & Aims, 2007-2009
“to provide world-class leadership in the innovative
use of ICT, to support education and research”
•
To deliver innovative and sustainable ICT infrastructure, services
and practice that support institutions in meeting their missions.
•
To promote the development, uptake and effective use of ICT
– to support learning and teaching
– to support research
– to support the management of institutions
•
To develop and implement a programme to support institutions’
engagement with the wider community.
•
Continuing to improve JISC’s own working practices.
research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges
acting as platform for network-level services
& helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment
Content,
Tools &
Infrastructure
UK
Research
Councils
National Data Centres
JISC Collections
JISC Sub-Committees
UK funding councils for HE & FE
EDINA, UK National Data Centre
Mission:
to enhance productivity of research, learning
& teaching in higher & further education
delivering online services, 24/7 …
http://edina.ac.uk
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EDINA, UK National Data Centre
•
EDINA designated as national data centre in 1995/96
– University had to compete for the role and status
– based on online experience of University’s Data Library, 1983/84 – There is a ‘sister’ national data centre, Mimas at University of Manchester
•
Acknowledged high quality of online service, 24/7
(99% uptime)
– good reputation for helpdesk, user interfaces, FAQs etc
– geared to researchers and students and end-users
* with support of librarians and other academic support staff
•
Acknowledged project competence for R&D
– we work with Researchers; we turn their work into Development
•
Growth in online services, client base and usage, year-on-year
•
Edinburgh Data INformation Access
– ‘Edina’ is also the poetic name for Edinburgh
* Referred to by Robert Burns in ‘Address to Edinburgh’, 1793
– A digitized copy of the manuscript is on our website!
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2. Our Changing World
•
Time to re-examine old verities in our scholarly world
– about 40 years after the invention of the Internet
– and only 13 years since the arrival of the Web.
•
How should we re-think our online services, as
value-added network-level services?
– as the relationship between Author and Reader is changing
– as we must deal with all sorts of digital resources
•
Time to play with an abstract model …
... a picture show
23
A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication
Author
writes to be recognised by peer community
&
for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’
purposes
… perhaps to be read
Key User (Reader) Verbs:
Discover
Locate
Request
Access
article of interest
service on those articles
permission to use service
to service/article
article is the
‘information object
of desire’
Reader
We could generalise what follows to research data and
other digital resources
Generates (curates) data for own purpose,
or as part of team
Creator
… wants/has to ‘put’ it somewhere for use by others
(perhaps to be recognised by a peer community)
Key User (Researcher) Verbs:
Discover
data of interest
Locate
service on that data with
documentation on provenance etc
Request
Access
permission to use service
to service/data
Evidential value of
data in analysis as
object of desire’
Researcher
A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication
Author
writes to be recognised by peer community
&
for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’
purposes
… perhaps to be read
Key User (Reader) Verbs:
Discover
Locate
Request
Access
article of interest
service on those articles
permission to use service
to service/article
article is the
‘information object
of desire’
Reader
Scholarly Communication
(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Libraries and Publishers
provide framework …
the traditional
‘middleware’/infrastructure’
Licence
... with Licence(s) for electronic
(online) and print (on-shelf)
£
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Scholarly Communication
(focus on article–length work published in journals)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Libraries and Publishers
provide framework …
the traditional
‘middleware’/infrastructure’
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Licence
... with Licence(s) for electronic
(online) and print (on-shelf)
£
Library
(serial)
Institutional Provision for Online Access
(Access to article–length work)
Value-add £
services
Publisher
article
serial
issue
F
o
r
m
a
£
Licensed
Online
Access
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
Importance of Academic Peers
F
o
r
m
a
£
Author
(article)
peer
review
Publisher
learned article serial
issue
society
peer
exchange
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
Licence
Library
‘invisible college’
Reader
(article)
Peer-to-Peer Communication
- beyond institutional walls
F
o
r
m
a
£
Author
(article)
peer
review
Publisher
learned article serial
issue
society
peer
exchange
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
Licence
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Online Service Provision
Author
(article)
peer
review
learned article serial
issue
society
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
peer
exchange
Licence
‘Open Access’
E-prints
free to web access
Licensed
Online
Access
Institutional
Repositories
Publisher
F
o
r
m
a
£
Subject
Repositories
Institutional
arrangement
££
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access
Long term
digital preservation
Author
(article)
peer
review
E-prints
Publisher
Continuity
of access Licensed
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
ILL/
docdel
Licence
E-prints
free to web access
Online
Access
Institutional
Repositories
learned article serial
issue
society
peer
exchange
F
o
r
m
a
£
Subject
Repositories
Institutional
arrangement
Library
(serial)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Licence*
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Licence*
* Open Access
•Publisher premium (Gold)
Library
•Author/funder pays
(serial)
•Author self-archiving (Green)
•Deposit mandate
•Access (can be delayed) or request only
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Reader
(article)
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
Author
(article)
Publisher
* All is Licensed, whether for:
•Open Access
•Privileged of Membership Access
•Payment of Cash Access
article
serial
issue
Licence*
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
Forecasting change for the traditional model?
Author
(article)
Publisher
* All is Licensed, whether for:
•Open Access
•Privileged of Membership Access
•Payment of Cash Access
article
serial
issue
Licence*
Library
(serial)
Reader
(article)
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005
(2) Pressure of Peer-to-Peer
Author
(article)
F
o
r
m
a
£
Publisher
article
serial
issue
learned
society
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
peer
review
Library
(serial)
peer
exchange
free to web access
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
Increasing dominance of The Web
Author
(article)
F
o
r
m
a
£
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Licence
Institutional
arrangement
Web 2.0/3.0:
Semantic web
mash-ups, Blogs.
RSS feeds, Wikis
free to web access
Library
(serial)
Role of
Institutional
Repositories?
peer to peer
exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts
F
o
r
m
a
£
Value-add £
services
Author
(article)
Publisher
article
serial
issue
Role of
learned
society?
Publisher
engagement
Open
peer
review?
Web 2.0/3.0:
Semantic web
mash-ups, Blogs.
RSS feeds, Wikis
free to web access
Licence
E
c
Library
o
(serial)
n
o
Institutional
Role of
arrangement m
Institutional
y
Repositories?
peer
exchange
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
Reader
(article)
Where will our (virtual) scholars want to be?
Open
Access
Commercial
arrangement
Peer (Creator)
peer
review
learned
society
peer
exchange
Journal
Privilege of
membership
Payment
of money
attention
Social
networking
free2web access
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
Institutional
arrangement
University
Peer (User)
Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’
P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2008
F
o
r
m
a
£
We have all come a long way in last 40 years
Before the 1970s, when the Internet was emerging:
•
less than 5% went to university in the UK
– 43% in 2007/08; Government target is 50%
•
University libraries were a world of print & manuscripts
•
‘resource sharing’ meant
– staff and students visiting libraries
– resources were books, journal volumes & special collections
* with worry about ‘grey literature’
– Inter-Library Loan was the big thing!
•
computers did existed, but …
– mainly used for ‘computing’ (add/subtract/multiply)
– ‘telecom networks’ were specialist & military
– ‘text processing’ was a research area (or the domain of the spy!)
42
3. Re-thinking Our Role: Emergence of Digital Library
•
mix of the document tradition (signifying objects & their use)
and the computation tradition (applying algorithmic, logical,
mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management)
– “Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in
humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of
Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.”
*
•
More than ‘just’ published scholarly record in journals and books
–
•
M.Buckland, Journal of American Society for Information Science, 50 p970-74 1999
More than what has been digitized; need to include the ‘born digital’
The digital library has words, numbers, pictures and sounds
–
Numeric data, online learning & teaching materials, digital pictures
and other audio-visual materials
–
What do researchers do? And what do they want/need of a
digital library - that they cannot do for themselves?
43
Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly works
The central task is to ensure that researchers,
students & their teachers have continuity of
access to the online scholarly resources
they need
•
Digital preservation is crucial but need to keep
focus on ‘continuity of access’
"I am in no way interested in immortality,
but only in the taste of tea."
Lu T'ung (born 755 A.D., reputedly lived 400 years)
44
4. EDINA’s role at the network level
In mid-90s, we had planned a future based on hosting key A&I
Databases, but market changed.
Since 2002 we have been re-making our future with:
•
Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials
•
National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use
•
Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)
•
•
•
Investigated Shibboleth for JISC and Developed pilot for UK Access Management
Federation for Education & Research
•
Now funded as Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group
Digital preservation
•
CLOCKSS Access Host for orphaned content; Edinburgh University as Archive Node
•
Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative
•
Piloting an e-journals preservation registry, with ISSN-IC [will say more]
User Generated Content & Open Access
•
The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility
•
Jorum for learning and teaching materials
having already diversified with GeoSpatial and Multimedia, and supporting
JISC with e-learning …
Examples of ‘Network-level’ Projects & Services
For this talk:
PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service
For some other talk:
a)
The Depot and OA Repository Junction
•
b)
Datashare
•
•
c)
Topographic mapping data, from national mapping agency
Marine & Geological mapping data
Sounds and Pictures (moving & still) as digital resource
•
f)
the UK national repository for online learning & teaching materials
Spatial Data Infrastructure: Digimap and ShareGeo
–
–
e)
Data as ‘evidence’
how to support researchers and their research data
Jorum
•
d)
open access deposit
Enhancing the cultural record as data for research
UK Access Management Federation / Shibboleth
•
Authentication & Authorisation
46
blank
<insert slides on PEPRS>
47
5. Framework for collaborative activity
•
at the regional or national level
– UK
– China, USA, etc
•
at the trans-national level
– across EU
* Funding Programmes
– across nation states, eg ASEAN/AUNILO
– Internationally
* CLOCKSS:
* PEPRS
(Controlled) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe
48
Re-thinking the reach of our stewardship
•
What is special about scholarship?
•
What is so different about digital?
•
What is so terrific about the tele-matics of the Internet?
•
All that is digital & accessed from afar
* Sharing across geography with wider world
* Sharing across time with future scholarship
Example
•
The CLOCKSS initiative
www.clockss.org
– World’s leading publishers agree to the routine ingest of their
digital journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived
libraries acting as Archive Nodes
– Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology
that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the
Internet to ensure bit-consistency and integrity
49
In September 2006, I
was invited to give the
plenary at the 3rd
Meeting of AUNILO, on
‘Resource Sharing’.
Very diverse in nearly
everyway but shared
geography, the leading
ASEAN universities
were planning an
ASEAN Digital Library.
Sharing infrastructure
even if they had to
have separate
subscriptions.
A rare opportunity:
In April 2008, I was fortunate to visit Egypt, another
long-lived civilization, to sail down the Nile …
… I awoke one morning at dawn
to reflect upon what
I had learnt,
about then and now.
Economy
Academy
Technology
That what we are doing in the universities and research
organisations has enduring and wide significance, then and now.
And what do we need
to support the academy,
and so contribute to the
economy, society and
technology?
Wisdom
Knowledge
Information
Data
A lot of talk about knowledge manageme
nt , and we do know somethings, but the challenge is still in
omration management, and even more so in data management
Re-making History and Geography
It is September, when we mark the Equininox, when the day is as long as the
night, all over the world …
It is 2009, when you mark the 60th Anniversary of the Peoples’ Republic
Many Congratulations, with offer of friendship and cooperation,
to work for global scholarship across the Internet!
54
Looking to the future
In September 2009, I have the good fortune
to visit China, another long-lived civilization,
one that is also a society re-emerging onto
the world stage.
I looked to find a single image,
that signifies the potential that China
has to re-make history and geography.
Many popular icons,
and I have started to read the Tang poets,
but in the end …
… I chose this.
Everyday is a school day, I intend to learn more,
perhaps to become a student again!
And I await your questions
THANK YOU
55