Transcript Slide 1

Susan L. Roberts JD, MS, RD
Network for a Healthy California Conference
March, 2009
The key purpose of our Food System
policies should be to advance the
Health and Wellbeing of Americans.
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
Agricultural Policy
=
Food Policy
=
Health Policy
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD – CENTER OF A STORM
 Health – obesity epidemic/related chronic diseases
 Peak oil
 Global warming
 Viability of family farm and food producers
 Food access and hunger/food pricing crisis
 Food safety
Microbial
Pesticides
Bioterrorism
 Corporations tightening hold over world food supply
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
FOOD SYSTEMS
Demand Side Policy – Dietary Guidelines
(Advises on food consumption)
Vs
Supply Side Policy – Farm Bill
(Determines food available)
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS
Government / Public Policies
Natural Resources
Production
Recycling/
Compositing
Processing
Food
Systems
Preparation
(use)
Society
& Culture
Adapted from K. Dahlberg, 1993
Distribution
Purchasing
(access)
Technological
Systems
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
THE IDEAL FOOD SYSTEM
– Provides for all in society
– Provides a safe and nutritious food supply
– Grows food in a manner that
protects health of producers
protects the environment
adds value to rural and urban communities
– Is sustainable into the future
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS
Local …………………….Global
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
Animal Husbandry
Local Market
- Small scale, diverse farms
Produce feed for animals on fields fertilized by animals own manure
Global Market - Large scale, intensive factory farms
Require vast quantities of grain grown in monocultures requiring chemical
fertilizers and pesticides
Manure is serious source of environmental pollution and human health
risk
Confinement requires over-use of antibiotics causing human health risk
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
Crop Production
Local Market - diversified
More likely organic or transitional
Global Market - monoculture, industrialized
Use of Chemical fertilizers
Use of Pesticides
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
Crop Production Policy
Commodity production of certain raw ingredients
Food in US (especially processed)
500 Kcal produced/person/day last 25 yrs
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEM
Energy Flow in US Food System
Center for Sustainable Systems Fact Sheet, Univ of MI;
http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS01-06.pdf
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
2005 Dietary Guidelines
Fruit
2 Cups/day → ↑132%
Acreage
3.5 Million → 7.6 Million
Busby, et.al. ERS, USDA Economic Res. Rpt. #31, Nov 2006
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
2005 Dietary Guidelines
Vegetables
2 1/2 Cups/day → ↑31%
Legumes ↑ 431%
Starchy Vegetables ↓ 35%
Acreage
6.5 Million → 15.3 Million
Busby, et.al. ERS, USDA Economic Res. Rpt. #31, Nov 2006
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
Fruit and Vegetable Acreage
How does this influence
availability and price?
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
Organic Production and Health
10-year study of tomatoes
organic yields - significantly
higher flavonoids
– Quercetin - 79%
– Kaempferol - 97%
Mitchell et al. J.Agric.Food Chem. 2007, 55, 6154- 6159.
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION AND HEALTH
Trends in 43 garden crops 1950-1999
Protein – ↓ 6%
Calcium - ↓ 16%
Vitamin C - ↓ 20%
Riboflavin - ↓ 38%
Phosphorus - ↓ 9%
Iron - ↓ 15%
1
Davis, Epp, Riorden, Am J Coll Nutr, 23:669, 2004
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PROCESSING
High Fructose Corn Syrup
 Inexpensive
 Easy to use in products
 Sweeter than sucrose
 Easy way to increase food consumption
Sweet tooth
Supersizing
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - PROCESSING
# of Large-Size Portions Introduced
Large Portion Introductions
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1970-74
1975-59
Young UR and Nestle M. 2002. AJPH; (92)2: 246-249.
1980-84
1985-89
Year
1990-1994
1995-99
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
Jefferson Agricultural Institute
FOOD SYSTEMS - DISTRIBUTION
FOOD MILES1
Distance food
travels from
where it is
grown or raised
to where it is
ultimately
purchased by
the consumer or
end-user.
1
R. Pirog, A. Benjamin, Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Ames, IA, 2003.
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - DISTRIBUTION
Calorie Economy
Head of lettuce
California to Washington, DC
Transport Calories 36X Food Calories
Halweil, Home Grown: The Case for Local Food in a Global Market, Worldwatch Institute, 2002.
S.L. Roberts JD,MS,RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - DISTRIBUTION
Blackberries
Stage picked
Anthocyanins
(per 100 gms)
Green
Ripe
74 mg
317 mg
Siriwoharm, et. al., J Ag Food Chem 52:8021, 2004
SL Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS - CONSUMPTION
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEMS – CONSUMPTION
Children’s Diets Over Past 25 Years
Ages 6-19 years
Increased Intake
Carbonated Beverages
Savory Snack Foods
Candy
Pizza
Decreased Intake
Whole Milk
Most Vegetables
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
Sebastian,R et al, Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J 87 (2005)
FOOD SYSTEM - CONSUMPTION
Undernourished??
Food Group
USDA Plan
Reported
Grains
Vegetables
Fruit
Milk Products
Meat/Beans
Fats/Sweets
12.26 #/wk
31.56
24.48
42.39
13.29
6.63
10.58 #/wk
13.31
11.40
18.81
13.31
38.65
Teters & Weber, JADA 1489, 2007
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD SYSTEM - CONSUMPTION
Per Capita Total Calories
1971-74
1999-2000
Men
2450
2618
Women
1542
1877
NHANES Data
CDC, MMWR Weekly 53 (04): 80-82, Feb 6, 2004
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Titles
I. Commodities
II. Conservation
III. Trade
IV. Nutrition
V. Credit
VI. Rural Development
VII. Research and Related Matters
VIII. Forestry
IX. Energy
X. Horticulture and Organic Agriculture
XI. Livestock
XII. Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance Programs
XIII. Commodity Futures
XIV. Miscellaneous
XV. Trade and Tax Provisions
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Goals
↑ Food Security
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Goals
↑ Fruits &
Vegetables
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Goals
↑ Organic Food
↑ Local Food
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Goals
↑ Research
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Food Stamp Program
↓
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program - SNAP
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title - SNAP
Easier Eligibility
↑$
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title Research
Pilot projects looking at health status in SNAP
• ↑ Dollars
• ↑ Access to Farmer’s Markets
• Incentives to purchase more fruits & vegetables
Section 4141
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Healthy Urban Food Development Center
Community Food Projects
Section 4402
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program
Section 4231
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Local Preference for School Food
Pilot Project – School/Community Gardens
Section 4302, 4303
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Program
• All states
• Focus on schools with low income children
• $40 million → $150 million
Section 4304
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
DOD Fresh Program
Purchase of Fruits, Vegetables and Nuts –
section 32 $
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Nutrition Title
Whole Grains
↑ Purchase as commodities for school food
Section 4305
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Rural Development Title
Financing for Local Food Operations
Section 1016
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Horticulture & Organic Agriculture
Title
Farmers Market Promotion Program $
↑EBT at Farmer’s Markets (10%)
Section 10106
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Horticulture & Organic Agriculture
Title
↑ Organic Certification Cost Share
↑ $ for Organic Research
$ for Organic Conversion
Sections 10301, 2503
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THE FOOD & FARM BILL
Research Title
Food Desert Research
Agriculture & Food Research Initiative
(Food Safety & Health)
Organic Agriculture Research
Research on Ag policy promoting health
Sections 7427, 7406, 7305, 7113
Susan L. Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD & AGRICULTURE POLICY
General Agriculture Policies
 Promote healthy foods to match dietary guidelines –
health is central tenet
 Marketing of wholesome foods
 Incentives for quality not quantity production
 Emphasis on local, sustainable, just food systems as
alternatives to a corporate controlled industrial food system
(i.e. incentives/subsidies to take land out of production or for
land stewardship)
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FOOD & AGRICULTURE POLICY
Food Program Policies
 Increase health/gardening education
 Emphasis on healthy foods
 Coupons for fruits, vegetables, whole grains
 Incentives for local foods – Farmer’s Market
Nutrition Programs; farm to cafeteria programs
 Fruits & vegetables in all schools
 Healthy food/beverages in all venues in schools
 Emphasis on maternal nutrition, breast feeding,
at risk children
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC
Reauthorization
2009
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
•Increase Reimbursement Rates for schools that
achieve excellence in providing nutritious school meals
•Eliminate Reduced Price category
•Expand Universal Breakfast, CACFP, and Summer
Food Program
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
Strengthen Nutrition Standards
for School Meal Programs and Competitive Foods
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
Support Food and Nutrition Education and Advocacy
for Healthy Foods
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
Strengthen Operations & Infrastructure
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
Farm to School
Regional Food for Schools
School Gardens
Farm Visits
Food System Curriculum
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
FUTURE FOOD SYSTEMS POLICY
Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization
Farm to School
$ for start-up
Office in USDA
$ for scaling up, evaluation, sharing best
practices
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
The key purpose of our Food Policies
should be to advance the
Health and Wellbeing of People.
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD
THANK YOU
Susan L Roberts, JD, MS, RD