Transcript No Slide Title

Population Health
for
Health Professionals
Module 1
The Perspective
of Public Health
Module I Purpose



Present the public health perspective on
health and illness at community level
Introduce basic vocabulary of public
health
Establish framework for understanding
specific skills and practices of public
health in later modules
OBJECTIVES
Describe mission, responsibilities and
core functions of public health systems
 Identify essential services
 List key infrastructure components
 Identify important historical figures
 Describe future trends

Part 1
The History
Of
Public Health
Definition of Health

The state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity WHO, 1947
Definition of Public Health

Activities that society undertakes to
assure the conditions in which people
can be healthy, including organized
community efforts to prevent, identify
and counter threats to the health of the
public.
Public Health System Activities

Health promotion

Disease prevention
Prevention Triangles
Tertiary
Prevention
Secondary
Prevention
Tertiary
Medical Care
Secondary
Medical Care
Primary Medical Care
Clinical Preventive Services
Primary
Prevention
Population Oriented Prevention
Ethical Values
of Public Health





Beneficence
Non-malfeasance
Autonomy
Social justice
Truth-telling
Balancing Ethical Conflicts

Public health practice is always
struggling to find the correct balance
between respect for individual
autonomy and decision-making and the
need for limitations on individuals in
order to achieve social justice.
Key Events
in the
History of Public Health
Key Events
Did you know that . . .


South Carolina had the first provincial
health officer in America, in 1712?
South Carolina had its first water
protection regulations in 1671?
Key Events
Snow and Cholera


Epidemiology: mapping cases of
cholera and household use of water
sources revealed pattern involving a
single water pump
Removing the handle from the Broad
Street pump ended the epidemic
Death Rates From Cholera
1853-54
Water
Company
Southwark &
Vauxhall
Both
Companies
Lambeth
Water
Company
Southwark
& Vauxhall
Lambeth
Rest of
London
Population
(1851)
Cholera Deaths
(1853-4)
Deaths per
100,000 Living
167,654
192
114
301,149
182
60
14,632
0
0
Number of
Houses
Deaths From
Cholera
Deaths per
10,000 Houses
40,046
1263
315
26,107
98
37
256,423
1422
59
Did you know that . . .

In an 1881 report the SC Board of
Health identified swamp drainage as an
important tool in stopping malaria, 10
years before the mosquito was
identified as the specific vector of the
disease?
Massachusetts and the
Shattuck Report

Massachusetts and the Shattuck Report


1850 review of sanitation practices and the
potential for improving health status by
enforcement of a sanitary code led to
creation of local board of health in
Massachusetts. This movement spread to
other localities.
SC State Board of Health

Established in 1898.
US Public Health Service

Marine Hospital Service


Created from concern for protection
against imported infectious diseases and
need to care for sick seamen
US Public Health Service

Uniformed service on call for local, national
or international service in the protection of
the public’s health
The Muckrakers
and New Agencies




Food and Drug Administration created
to administer Pure Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act
Superfund administered by the
Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Occupational Safety & Health Act
Great Public Health
Achievements of This Century





Vaccination
Motor vehicle safety
Safer workplaces
Control of infectious
diseases
Decline in deaths
from coronary heart
disease and stroke





Safer, healthier food
Healthier mothers
and babies
Family planning
Flouridation of
drinking water
Recognition of
tobacco as a hazard
Discussion Time



What has been your personal awareness of
public health?
Have you ever visited a public health
program? Used a public health service?
What are current public health issues in
your community?
Summary of Module 1, Part 1



Public Health:
Services were developed to address the
health needs of communities.
Has developed a world view of health.
Focuses on populations rather than
individuals.
Module Author
Kristine M. Gebbie, DrPH, RN
Columbia University School of Nursing
Center for Health Policy