Transcript Essays

Senior High English
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Narrative – has a purpose for telling; a true
event; a single incident
Memoir - a person’s story about his or her
life
Descriptive - writing that creates images of
people, places, objects
Argumentative – a rational argument which
uses evidence
Persuasive - writing that attempts to convince
the audience to adopt a certain point of view
or to act in a certain way
Expository essays are characterized on the
basis of their method of development:
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Example and Illustration
Cause and Effect
Classification and Division
Process Analysis
Comparison and/or Contrast
Expository Essay: general to specific
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a thesis in an expository essay is supported
with arguments, examples
Introduction, body paragraphs, and
conclusion
Narrative Essay:
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organized by sequence of events
chronological (time order)
Descriptive Essay:
 Spatial - space ( i.e your favourite place)
◦ where the eye moves: up, down, over, across,
under, etc. )
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Dominant impression: overall description of
an object, place, etc.
◦ i.e. My car is a jalopy, but I love it.
◦ The bedroom is a dump. I think I have carpet under
the piles of clothes and junk.
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Remember the three “E’s”
◦ To explain
◦ To educate
◦ To entertain
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To
To
To
To
inform
analyze
tell a story
describe
AND
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A writer’s purpose is often shaped by the
kind of audience they are writing for:
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Young people
Parents
Government
Daycare workers
Store owners
Consumers
Avoid “everyone” – try to be specific
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The overall idea of the essay containing the
writer’s main through in sentence form.
Should be expressed in one or two sentences
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The topic sentence does for a paragraph what
a thesis does for a complete essay.
Expresses the main idea contained in the
paragraph
It is often placed as the first sentence in the
paragraph
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The personality of the speaker or the author
(persona), coming through in a work, ,
created through a combination of diction,
point of view, and tone.
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The author's attitude towards his topic
and/or audience.
Although an author may directly state this
attitude it is more likely to be implied.
Tone is considered formal or informal;
personal or impersonal
The tone is implied through:
 the author's diction (word choice)
 through the connotation (what a word
suggests beyond its dictionary meaning)
 and from sentence structure i.e. long
sentences suggest a serious or more formal
tone
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Angry
Sad
Sentimental
Afraid
Happy
Sharp
Cold
Happy
Detached
Cynical
Upset
Joking
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Sympathetic
Wonderment
Silly
Childish
Confused
Humorous
Thoughtful
Apologetic
Joyful
Sweet
Objective
Disgust
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Sarcastic
Mocking
Pitiful
Bitter
Arrogance
Vexed
Nostalgic
Horrific
Proud
Furious
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Slang
Colloquialisms –sayings common to a culture
plain language of everyday use
idiomatic expressions
– ace up your sleeve; above board; cut the
apron strings
Contractions – can’t; won’t; I’ll
many simple, common words.
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Writer uses dignified, serious, and elevated
language;
Follows the rules of syntax exactly
Uses complex words and lofty tone.
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Unity – refers to the tying together of ideas to
connect to the thesis\
Oneness in writing
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Clear thesis statement
Each part of the essay relates to the thesis
Generalizations are supported with evidence –
use of examples
Topic sentences in body paragraphs relate to
the thesis
Types of closings
Types of Closings:
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Summary
Thesis restatement
Closing by return
Expository essay –
Descriptive essay –
Narrative essay –
single focus
dominant impression
concentration on a single
story
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The arranging of ideas in logical order to
show relationships between ideas through the
use of the following main writing techniques:
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2.
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Transitional Terms
Pronoun Reference
Repetition of Key Words
Use of Synonyms
Parallel Structure
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Words, phrases, or even sentences used to
show the relationship between ideas
◦ in a sentence
◦ within a paragraph
◦ between paragraphs
Transitions help to achieve unity and coherence.
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A good education is important for a number
of reasons. First, it broadens your mind.
Second, you learn new things. Finally, you
prepare for the future.
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I like autumn, and yet autumn is a sad time
of the year, too. The leaves turn bright
shades of red and the weather is mild, but
I can't help thinking ahead to the winter and
the ice storms that will surely blow through
here. In addition, that will be the season of
chapped faces, too many layers of clothes
to put on, and days when I'll have to shovel
heaps of snow from my car's windshield.
To Add:
and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.),
To Compare:
but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, compared to,
balanced, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove:
because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in
addition
To Show Time:
immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and
then
To Emphasize:
definitely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, unquestionably, without a doubt,
certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence:
first, second, third, and so forth. following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally,
consequently, previously, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example:
for example, for instance, in this case, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate
To Summarize or Conclude:
in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently
This, that, these, those, he, she, it, they, we
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are useful pronouns for referring back to
something previously mentioned.
Example:
When scientific experiments do not work out as
expected, they are often considered failures until
some other scientist tries them again. Those that
work out better the second time around are the
ones that promise the most rewards.
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helps to focus ideas and to keep the reader on
track.
Example:
The problem with contemporary art is that it is
not easily understood by most people.
Contemporary art is deliberately abstract, and
that means it leaves the viewer wondering what
she is lookingat.
Synonyms
words that have essentially the same meaning, and
they provide some variety in word choice, helping the
reader to stay focused on the idea being discussed.
Example:
Myths narrate sacred histories and explain
sacred origins. These traditional narratives are,
in short, a set of beliefs that are a very real
force in the lives of the people who tell them.
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using the same pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance.
◦ This can happen at the word, phrase, or sentence level.
Example:
Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep,
that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
7 different types of openings:
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Anecdote – brief story
Shocking statistic
Question
Quotation
Brief description
A personal example
Definition
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Call to action (for persuasive essays)
Thesis restatement – the thesis is reworded
Closing by return – the writer refers to
something from the opening
Summary – a main point or two from each
body paragraph
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writers achieve coherency with effective use
of sentences.
Short sentences: (and sentence fragments –
incomplete thoughts, phrases)
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Speed up a piece of writing – rapid movement
Create tension – anxiety, fear, excitement
Used for emphasis - identify what is being
stressed
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Develop more complex ideas
Serious description
Formal writing
Diction = author’s word choice
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Examine the dictionary meaning of words –
denotation
Figure out the implied meaning or the
connotation
There is no single, correct diction in the
English language; instead, you choose different
words or phrases for different contexts:
To
To
To
To
a friend
a child
the police
an employer
"a screw-up"
"a mistake"
"an accident"
"an oversight”
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It is not a question to be answered. It is used
to:
◦ Launch or further discussion
◦ Capture interests of the audience
◦ Identify the topic; often focuses on the central idea
or topic
◦ To get the reader thinking about the topicx