Transcript Document

BIENVENIDOS
Agenda
6/17/04
Welcome and Introduction
Project Updates
DL Task Force—June 28,
2004, 3:30-6:30 pm
Needs Assessment
Open
Changing Face of Delmarva
Tim Dunn, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Sociology
Amy K. Liebman, MPA
BEACON Consultant
Salisbury University
June 17, 2004
Latino Immigrants on Delmarva
Wicomico County
Sussex County
Accomack County
1990
2000 Growth
610
1842
202%
1,476 6,915
369%
452
2,062
356%
BIENVENIDOS A DELMARVA
Network of over 70 service
providing organizations on the
Delmarva Peninsula preparing to
meet the needs of our immigrant
communities
Housed at BEACON of Salisbury
University—
http://beacon.salisbury.edu/
Activities
Meet Monthly to
oExchange Information
oDiscuss Problems and Needs
oWork on Solutions
Raise Awareness
Conduct Outreach
Conduct Research
Facilitate Training
oCultural Competency
Project Adelante
Eastern Shore Regional Library
o Raineyl Coiro, Elizabeth Bellevance
Salisbury University
BEACON—Bienvenidos a Delmarva
o Amy K. Liebman and Memo Diriker
Fulton School
o Tim Dunn -- Survey
 Ana Aragones, Janitizo Outtara, Jen Jackson,
Marinna Padley, Ignacio & Denise Pomareda,
Neda Biggs
Horizon Marketing
o Ron Appin –Focus Groups
Introduction
Project Adelante’s Goal--Better
understand the needs and service
gaps within the Latino community in
order to improve provision of library
and other services to this population
and to reduce barriers to these
services
o Conduct needs assessment
o Share results
o Work with libraries to develop
marketing plan
Methodology
 185 Ethno-surveys, snowball/network referral sample
 Wicomico, Somerset, Caroline, Worcester
 11 Focus Groups
o 8 with immigrants (~50 participants)
 Wicomico County (2)
 Somerset
 Kent/Queen Anne’s County
 Caroline
 Talbot
 Worcester
 Dorchester
o 3 with service providers
Country of Origin
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
75 %
19%
6%
Mexico
Guatemala
Other Latin
America
84 % Unauthorized Immigrants
Time on Delmarva
Median = 2 years
Age
60
56%
50
32%
40
30
10%
20
10
2%
0
15-17
18-30
31-40
41-54
Very Young
Median Age = 29 Years Old
Gender
33.5% Female
66.5% Male
Why Come to US
 For a better life—34%
 To save money—17%
 To have work—40%
 Family here – 6%
 Other—3%
Migration Experience
58%--Delmarva First Migration
Experience
77%--First trip taken to the US
NEW IMMIGRANTS
Future Plans
 Plan to be in same town/city in 3 years
o 57% plan to remain
 Return to country of origin in 3 years
o 42% plan to move back
Plan to Stay
Years of Education
35
34.3%
30
24.7%
25
20
16.3%
14.6%
15
10
7.9%
2.2%
5
0
No
1
to
4
3
to
7
6
to
9
10
to
12
13
+
Median = 6 years
Mexicans (median 6 years) slightly more
education the Guatemalans (median 4 years)
Number of Children in Household
50
48%
40
30
20%
14%
20
10%
9%
10
0
0
1
2
3
4 or
more
Median = 1 Child
Location of Children
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
44%
34%
9%
10%
4%
Me
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US Citizen Children
Mixed Status Households
11 million undocumented
residents
3 million US citizen children
Occupation in US
30
27%
25
20
15
18% 18%
15%
14%
9%
10
5
0
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•80% of unemployed are female, nearly all taking care of children
•Services = Restaurant, Hotel, Domestic, Maintenance
Earnings
Average wage is $7.25-$7.75
per hour
2/3 have taxes withheld from pay
Average work week is 40
hours
2/3 send + $200 home each
month(+1/3 send +$500)
Occupation in Sending Country
40
36%
35
26%
30
25
20
16%
15
10%
10
10%
6%
4%
5
0
Ag
Ot
S
S
C
F
O
he
ric ervi ons acto tude wn
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ul t
Bu
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sin
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s
Agriculture—Peasants, Farmworkers
Services—Domestic, Restaurant, Hotel, Retail Sales
Endure Hardship to Make a
Better Life
“Three days, three nights in the
desert without water to come
here.”
“It hurt me a lot to leave my kids.
My sister took care of them for a
long time, but now they are
here.”
Discrimination in the US
“I don’t know if it’s the color of
our skin or our accents.
Sometimes I think they feel
we’re from another planet.”
“My daughter wasn’t given
honors even though she
deserved them because she’s
Hispanic. I went and talked to
the teacher.”
Employment Hardship
Because they are undocumented,
feel vulnerable at work:
o “If you’re illegal, you can’t do
anything; otherwise they’ll call the
‘migra.’”
Risk of deportation too great to
seek revindication:
o “One comes to this country to work,
not to look for problems.”
Most Difficult Things about Life in US
36%
40
35
30
19%
25
20
8%
3%
5%
10
8%
11% 10%
15
5
0
O
th
k
e
pr
nc
ra
su
in
or
rw
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ot
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&
he
ng
of
si
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th
ou
H
ck
La
y
pe
pa
tio
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or
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rim
C
w
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Tr
La
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ob
Language
Over 90% do not understand English
or have only limited understanding
Neither speaks nor understands
English
Doesn’t speak English, but has a
very limited understanding of
English
Speaks and understands some
English
Doesn’t speak but understands
English well
Speaks and understands English
well
44%
28%
20%
3%
5%
Language
Despite low levels of English
ability, 60% said someone in
their household spoke English
82% of the English speakers in
HH were adults
75% of these adult English
speakers in HH were males
Language
Typical learning cycle for nonEnglish speaking immigrants in
the US is 3 generations
o1st generation learns enough to
get by
o2nd generation is bilingual
o3rd generation monolingual English
Language
“How can we try to get medical
attention when we can’t speak
the language?”
“There are times when they
don’t tend to you very well…kind
of like discrimination, especially
if you don’t know the language.”
Transportation
Focus group participants noted:
 lack of transportation as barrier to getting to
library.
 risks of driving a car. Drive only when it is
essential—work, food. Can’t legally obtain a
driver’s license if undocumented.
 use of public transportation is an option, but
libraries still remain hard to access.
 poor treatment by bus drivers.
 racial tension between riders and drivers.
Transportation
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
38%
36%
13%
6%
3% 3%
Ow Ca Bu Fo Bik Ot
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Library Use
77% had NEVER visited the
library
 Of the 23% who had been to the
library, the majority had been
just a few times
Why Haven’t Respondents Gone to Library?
Lack of
Information
Lack of
time/schedule
problems
Language Barrier
Transportation
Problems
Other
59.7%  Public community
libraries do not
exist in Mexico and
20.1%
Guatemala
5.5%
4.9%
9.7%
 Do not know about
the library and its
resources and
offerings in the US
Language & Libraries
Need for Bilingual Staff
 “When I can’t explain something to
someone I feel awkward…you can only
use sign language so many times.”
 “I was too afraid to get close to the library
since I know that nobody spoke Spanish.”
 “Since the people who work there only
speak English, there’s no
communication.”
Desired Library Services
ESL
29%
Legal/Immigration Information
18%
Health Info
13%
Small Business Start-up Info
7%
US Culture & Key Organization Info 6%
Homework Help for Children After
School
6%
Labor Rights Information
6%
Drug and Alcohol Programs Info
5%
Work Opportunities Info
4%
Family Relations Info
4%
Housing Info
2%
In the last 12 months
sources of information used:
Television—84%
Friends—72%
Family—52 %
Libraries—8%
High Levels of Social Isolation
 13% belong to sports/recreational group and
2% belong to social group
 Over 50% said they do not have relations with
other racial or ethnic group
 Of the 46% who do have relations with other
groups, 61% said they are work-related only
 75% have family/friends in area
 In-group relations strong, out-group relations
weak
Sources of Support/Services
 56% belong to a religious institution here, 44%
do not. Main point of contact for immigrants in
receiving communities—apart from work.
Religious Affiliation:
Catholic
57%
Pentecostal
32%
Adventist
9%
Baptist
2%
Sources of Support/Services
Focus group participants
consistently noted:
o Church
o Catholic Charities
Seton Center in Somerset County
Leyla Krauss
o La Esperanza (Use Delaware-based
Social Service)
Who Helped Resolve Problems Here?
Friends/Boyfriend/Girlfriend
26%
Church/Religious
Organizations
Family
26%
No one
18%
Other
5%
25%
Contact with Local
Educational Institutions
16% have attended school here
27% have taken a class of some type
o English—86%
Who Offered the English Class?
o Church—29%
o Library—18%
o College Professor—18%
o Other –35%
Contact with Local
Educational Institutions
27% said children in their
household attend public schools
Contact with Health Services
61% have gone to a hospital, clinic
or private doctor, 57% a few times
“We’re a bit stubborn when it
comes to our health…As long as
we don’t have any broken bones,
we won’t go to the clinic.”
Focus group noted language as
barrier to accessing health services
Police Service Attitudes
 31% do not trust the police enough to report a
crime or seek their help.
 Reasons for lack of trust:
50
40
30
20
10
45%
46%
9%
0
Scared / Language Unsure of
fear
barrier how helpful
police can
be
Victims of Crime
Every focus group mentioned tensions
between African-Americans and
immigrants
Immigrants are easy targets
o Language
o A lot of CASH
o Can’t open bank accounts b/c of lack of
documentation (banks now accepting
matricula consular identification cards)
Victims of Crime
21% of survey respondents victims of crime
60
55%
50
33 %
40
30
9%
20
3%
10
0
Robbery
Assault
Domestic
Violence
Kidnapping
Desired Services for Better Life
ESOL Classes
20%
Transportation Services
Immigration Papers/Documents
Better Jobs
Health Services
Better/Spanish Speaking Police
Information provided in Spanish
Other
19%
16%
13%
13%
6%
5%
8%
Desire to Learn English
“If it were possible to gain a
command of the English language to
understand legal immigration issues,
and be in good health—that would
be great.”
“To get better jobs you always need
the language [English].”
Service Provider
Perspective
Problems Facing Immigrants:
Service Provider Perspective
Discrimination: “Little kids, eight and nine
years old…I see and hear remarks that they
make to Hispanics. I then say, ‘Excuse me,
you will not speak like that, they are humans
just like you are.’”
Language
Transportation
Lack of documentation (further denies access
to services)
Problems Facing Immigrants:
Service Provider Perspective
Immigrant distrust of providers
Cultural differences
Family Violence
Alcoholism
Depression: “The women. They tend to
stay to take care of the kids and don’t
have the opportunity to be in contact
with other people…there’s a lot of
depression and stress.”
Difficulties Serving Immigrants:
Service Provider Perspective
Language
Lack of cultural competency
among providers
Lack of understanding
Summary
New, inexperienced immigrants
Isolated from receiving community
Weak/new migrant social network
Here to stay in this region
Growing, growing, growing population
Hardworking, industrious
Service Providers
Need for an informational/community
center and libraries have great potential
to serve this need.
Need to educate immigrants about
libraries.
Need to conduct outreach:
o “The biggest hurdle is that they have to be
told that the library is a great place to go
for information.”
Implications
 Bilingual Staff
 Trained Staff
o Cultural Competency
o Language
 Outreach, Outreach, Outreach
o Word of mouth
o TRUST
 Institutional Changes
o Signs in Spanish
o Flexibility on requirements (undocumented pop.)
Libraries Linking with
Community
Linkages with other service providing
agencies
o Partner with area providers to offer
extended programs and services
o Host service program outreach efforts
o Information