Transcript FIGURES OF SPEECH

Seema Afridi
A mode of expression in which words are used out of
their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in
order to:
1) add beauty
2) emotional intensity
3) transfer the poet's sense impressions by comparing
or identifying one thing with another that has a
meaning familiar to the reader.
Alliteration refers to the repetition of any
particular sound among words placed close
together, in a sentence. These are mainly
consonant sounds, but can be vowel sounds too.
It is often used as a figure of speech in poetry.
 Don't delay dawn’s disarming display. Dusk
demands daylight. - Paul McCan
Anaphora refers to a repetition of one particular word purposely, at the start
of consecutive sentences or paragraphs. This is again in order to emphasize a
point.
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I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to
succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I
might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. –
Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away
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Water, water, every where,
And all the boards did shrink ;
Water, water, every where
Nor any drop to drink.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner
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A euphemism is the use of neutral language
to remark something that may be offensive
to the receiver. Euphemism is often used by
people who are diplomatic, and who wish
to be politically correct.
We have to let you go. Read: You're fired.
Asma is well fed. Read: Asma is fat.
A hyperbole is a figure of speech used for the purpose of
exaggeration. It mainly forms the basis of several jokes,
is used as a way of insults, or could simply be used to
dramatize a situation, where in reality, the situation
may not be that bad.
I'm so busy trying to accomplish ten million things at once. I'm trying to accomplish several things at one time.
 Your dog is so ugly, we had to pay the fleas to live on him.
- Here the hyperbole has been used as an insult.
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Irony refers to the use of certain words that actually intend to convey the
opposite. Irony forms the basis of sarcasm, and of humor. It is also a
way of expressing the ugly truth in a slightly gentle manner.
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Bill Gates winning a computer. - Situational Irony (He is the owner of the
world's largest software company.)
Having a fight with your best friend just before your birthday, and
commenting -"Great, this is just what I needed". - Verbal Irony (It is
probably the worst thing that could happen before your birthday.)
In Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet is drugged, Romeo assumes her to be dead,
and kills himself. Upon waking up Juliet finds him dead, and kills herself. Dramatic Irony (mainly based on miscommunication and
misunderstanding)
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This figure of speech refers to the use of
understatement, to affirm a particular
situation or event with the use of a negative
opposite
He was not unfamiliar with the work of
Shakespeare. - He was familiar with the work of
Shakespeare.
Einstein is not a bad mathematician. - Einstein is
a great mathematician.
Used for the purpose of comparison, a metaphor is a figure of
speech that implies the meaning of an object with its reference
to another completely unrelated object.
The sofa is fertile soil for a couch potato.
But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. - William
Sharp, The Lonely Hunter
 The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one. - Edward Fitzgerald,
The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám
 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
--- Percy Bysshe
Shelley, Ode to the West Wind
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Metonymy refers to the use of a phrase
regarding associated concept, in order to
describe the actual concept.
 The 'editorial page' has always believed... - This refers
to the belief of the editors who write the editorial
page.
 He writes a fine hand - It means he has good
handwriting.
An oxymoron uses a contradictory
adjective to define an object, situation or
event.
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Loner’s Club
I'd give my right arm to be ambidextrous!
Such words imitate the sounds made by
certain objects or actions.
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The clatter of utensils.
The flutter of birds.
The buzzing of bees
This refers to the art of bringing to life an
inanimate object, trait, or action, by
associating it with a human quality.
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The picture in that magazine screamed for
attention.
The carved pumpkin smiled at me.
Puns refer to the deliberate substitution of
similar sounding words, to create a humorous
effect.
I bet the butcher the other day that he couldn’t
reach the meat that was on the top shelf. He
refused to take the bet, saying that the steaks
were too high.
Rhetoric refers to the art of persuasion through
effective speech. Questions that have an obvious
answer are known as rhetorical questions. Such
questions are not expected to be answered, as
the answer is already known.
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If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then
why practice? - Billy Corgan
An image transferred by something that stands for or represents
something else, like flag for country, or autumn for maturity. Symbols
can transfer the ideas embodied in the image without stating them.
Fire and Ice
.
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice
Robert Frost
A simile is similar to a metaphor. However,
here, a reference between two concepts is
made by using the terms 'like' or 'as'.
Burns', "O, my luve's like A Red, Red Rose“
Shelley's "As still as a brooding dove," in The
Cloud.
I felt as worn out as an old joke that was never very
funny in the first place.
This figure of speech refers to the use of only
one word to describe two actions or events.
The word however, logically applies only to
one of the actions.
She opened the door and her heart to the orphan.
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http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/williams/figofspe.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm
http://www.therthdimension.org/FictionWriting/Figures_of_Speech/figu
res_of_speech.html
http://www.angelfire.com/ct2/evenski/poetry/figuresofspeech.html
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures.htm
http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/figure-of-speech.html
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/figure+of+speech
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/figure+of+speech
http://youtu.be/icBFAZ4D8B4
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