Transcript Slide 1

Drug use and non-use: statistics


The following slides give information on
 general drug use statistics and implications

use and non-use across specific substances
 tobacco, alcohol, illicit substances

Results of the National Drug Strategy Household survey
2010 (Slides courtesy, Paul Dillon, DARTA) http://darta.net.au/

Results of the 2011 Aust Secondary Students’
Alcohol and Drug Survey (ASSADS) for SA students
Save the slide presentation onto your computer, then select slides as
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1
Costs, drug use

A snapshot

Note: where statistics are old (e.g. slides 3, 4), it is
because:


there is no equivalent more recent data and
the data shown remains relevant
2
Drug-related deaths, all ages
This graph illustrates the percentage of deaths in Australia caused by drugs
types, with tobacco making up almost 90% of drug related deaths, alcohol
making up 6% and illicit drugs making up about 5%.
3
Collins D, & Lapsley H. The costs of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug abuse to Australian society in 2004–05.
Estimated drug-related deaths, Australia
1998
Persons aged 0-34 years
Illicits 42.1%
0-14 yrs:
129
15-34 yrs: 1542
Alcohol 52.8%
Tobacco 5.2%
Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2000 AIHW 2001
4
JCG:DASC
Counting the cost of drug use in Australia

It is estimated that the costs of drug use in Australia
2004-05 was


$56.1 billion dollars, of which:
 tobacco accounted for 56%
 alcohol 27%
 Illicit drugs 15%
$10.8 billion: the tangible cost of alcohol consumption
(lost productivity, health care costs, costs related to road
accidents and crime
(2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey)

In 2004-2005, The Aust. Govt collected over $6.7 billion
from the importation and sale of tobacco products.
(Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2006, Aust Institute of Health and Welfare.)
5
Illicit drug use:
2010 NDHS: Changes in 'recent use' (%) over time
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
6
Tobacco, alcohol and cannabis
Average age of initiation of lifetime, people aged 14-24 years, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
7
Ecstasy, meth/amphetamine, cocaine and hallucinogens
Average age of initiation of lifetime drug use (), people aged 14-24 years, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
8
Form of drug use thought to be of most serious concern for the general
community, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
9
Drugs thought to be either directly or indirectly cause the most deaths in
Australia, people aged 14 years or older, by age, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
10
Tobacco smoking


The leading cause of preventable illness and
death in Australia- 8% of the total burden of
disease in 2003 and estimated at $31.5 billion
in 2004–05.
In 2010, one in seven (15%) Australians aged
14 years or over were daily smokers, and one
in four (24%) were ex-smokers.
11
Tobacco smoking, 2010


More than half the population (59%) had
never smoked.
Daily smoking rates have fallen by more
than a third over the past two decades,
from 24% in 1991. This is largely due to
lower rates of smoking among adults
aged 24–44 years.
http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=1073742045
5
12
Alcohol, 2010



78% of Australians 12 years or over had
consumed alcohol over the previous
year, including 46% who drank at least
weekly.
There was a significant decline in daily
drinking between 2007 and 2010 (from
8.1% to 7.2% of the population aged 12
years or over).
Most people drank at levels that did not
put them at risk of harm.
13
Alcohol, 2010



28% of males and 11% of females drank alcohol
at levels that put them at risk of alcohol-related
harm over their lifetime.
23% of males and 9% of females consumed
alcohol in quantities that put them at risk of
alcohol-related injury from a single drinking
occasion at least weekly.
An estimated 13.1% of people aged 14 years or
older had driven a motor vehicle under the
influence of alcohol in 2010.
14
Alcohol-related deaths in Australia, 2008
(out of 143, 946 total deaths for all reasons)

52 accidental poisonings from alcohol
297 deaths from mental and behavioural
disorders due to the use of alcohol (3x
males than females)
751 deaths from alcoholic liver disease

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Causes of death,


Australia 2008, Canberra: ABS
15
Counting the cost of alcohol use in
Australia


The number of people hospitalised for alcohol-related
injuries and diseases increased nationally by 34%
between 1995-2006.
Victoria jumped 77%, with the cost of alcohol related
harm in 2007-2008 being $4.3 billion
(National Drug Research Institute, 2009)

Child Protection statistics show 34,000 children are in
care nationally. Half of these children have at least one
parent with an alcohol problem and 13% of Australian
children live in a household with at least one adult is
regularly drunk.

(Prof Dorothy Scott, Uni SA, media release 21 Jan, 2010.)
16
Young people and alcohol:




1 in 4 hospitalisations of 15-25 year olds happen
because of alcohol.
1 in 2 Australians aged 15–17 who get drunk will do
something they regret.
70 Australians under 25 will be hospitalised due to
alcohol-caused assault in an average week.
4 Australians under 25 die due to alcohol related
injuries in an average week.
Sources:
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

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Chikritzhs, T. and Pascal, R. (2004). Trends in Youth Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms
in Australian Jurisdictions, 1990–2002. Bulletin No. 6. National Drug Research Institute.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (2008). National Youth Alcohol Campaign
evaluation research 2000-2002. Unpublished raw data.
Source: National Drug Research Institute (2008). 2004-05 Hospitalisation and morbidity data
for Australians aged 0 to 24. Unpublished raw data.
Source: National Drug Research Institute (2008). 2004-05 Hospitalisation and morbidity data
for Australians aged 0 to 24. Unpublished raw data.
17
Alcohol and drowning
In a horror summer in Australian waters in
2009-2010, 62 people drowned between
Christmas Eve, according to Royal Life Saving
Society figures.

"Alcohol is still playing a part. There are
drownings in backyard pools and males
overestimating their ability in the water is
another factor." (RLSS research and health
promotion manager, Richard Franklin)
18
The health of Australia's prisoners 2010
Reporting on over prisoners over 18 years:

more than 4 in 5 prison entrants was a current smoker; over half
report drinking alcohol at risk levels and 2 in 3 had used illicit
drugs during the previous 12 months;

1 in 4 prison entrants had a chronic condition such as asthma,
cardiovascular disease or diabetes

almost 1 in 3 prison entrants had ever been told they have a
mental health disorder and 1 in 5 prisoners in custody was
taking medication for a mental health condition

and more than 1 in 3 prison entrants had not completed Year 10
at school
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010
19
Crime and law enforcement- Australia

In 2005, 1 in 10 prisoners was imprisoned for drug
related offences.



71% of these offences related to cannabis use
In 2003-04, 88% of juvenile detainees had used an
illicit substance in the 6 months prior to arrest and
70% were intoxicated at the time of the offence.
Juvenile detainees were 10X more likely than the
general youth population to use amphetamine and
hallucinogens and 16X more likely to use inhalants.
(Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2006, Aust Institute of Health and
Welfare, 2006.)
20
Police (Youth) Drug Diversion Initiative SA

From 2001, police have diverted youth to health assessment and
counselling for possession of illicit drugs and paraphernalia

From 2001 to August 2012 , there have been 8,497
youth diversions
95.2% of the total diversions have been related to
cannabis (Drug Diversion statistics)


Schools have played their part in working in partnership with SAPOL,
guided by:

DECD policy as set out in Intervention matters policy document (revised
2011) http://www.decs.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy/pages/documents/schoolsaig/

Making our sites safer: Drugs
http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/docs/documents/1/MossDrugs-1.pdf
21
Illicit drug use in Australia, 2010




60% of people over 14 years had never used
an illicit drug.
15% had used one or more illicit drugs in the
past 12 months.
Cannabis was the most common illicit drug
used recently (10.3%) followed by ecstasy
(3.0%) and amphetamines and cocaine (each
used by 2.1% of people).
Many people who used an illicit drug in 2010
also used other drugs, illicit or licit.
22
Illicit drug use in Australia, 2010



Around 8% of people in Australia aged 16–85
years have had a drug use disorder in their
lifetime.
The social cost of illicit drug use in Australia
was estimated at $8.2 billion in 2004–05
(crime, lost productivity and healthcare).
Much of this was caused by hepatitis C, which
can be contracted by risky injecting practices.
23
Lifetime illicit drug use (%) - 14 years and over
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
24
Never used illicit drugs (%) - 14 years and over
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
25
Recent illicit drugs (%) - 14 years and over
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
26
Lifetime illicit drug use (%) - 14 years and over
Comparison 2007-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
27

Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol
and Drug Survey (ASSADS) 2011
28
Drug use among SA secondary school students:

Information from the SA component of the 2011
Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug
Survey (ASSADS)






National survey
Conducted every three years across Australia
Approx 3,000 SA students, years 7-12
Alcohol, tobacco and other substances use
Cancer Council SA in collaboration with Drug and Alcohol
Services SA (DASSA)
For a summary: see
http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy/files/links/StatBullNo3
ASSADNov12_we_1.pdf
29
ASSADS 1999-2011 - Drug & Alcohol Use:
% Ever used
Substance
% Used Recently (past week)
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
Analgesics
97.0
96.4
94.1
95.0
94.5
43.6
45.4
41.0
43.0
39.7*
Alcohol
91.4
91.8
87.3
85.1
77.5*
34.4
33.1
26.1
23.0
15.0*
Tobacco
52.2
46.9
31.2
24.3
19.8*
16.8
14.1
7.5
4.9
4.7
Cannabis
33.3
26.8
18.2
12.5
13.6
11.3
7.1
4.7
3.3
3.1
Inhalants
20.0
15.3
13.0
16.4
14.4*
4.5
4.0
2.5
4.2
3.4
Sedatives
17.2
13.3
14.2
17.9
16.2
2.1
1.7
1.6
2.8
2.2
Hallucinogens
9.2
4.2
2.0
2.6
2.5
1.9
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
Amphetamines
8.1
7.3
4.5
3.3
2.2*
1.8
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.5
Cocaine
3.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.1*
1.0
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3*
Ecstasy
3.1
2.9
2.5
3.2
2.2*
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.8
0.5
Heroin
3.1
2.5
1.4
2.4
1.2*
0.9
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.2*
Steroids
2.3
1.8
2.2
2.6
1.7*
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.4*
*change 2008-2011 is significant
ASSADS (SA) 1999 - 2011 - Drug & Alcohol Use
Percentage Ever Used
100
90
80
% Ever used
1999
Percentage (%)
70
% Ever used
2002
60
50
% Ever used
2005
40
30
% Ever used
2008
20
% Ever used
2011
10
0
Substance
From 1999-2011



A 32.4% decrease in students reporting
having ever use tobacco; from 52.2% to
19.8%
Reported student cannabis use in the
past week has decreased to less than
1/3 of 1999 level (from 11.3% to 3.1%)
There have been significant reduction in
illicit drug use (apart from sedative and
inhalant use)
33
And alcohol 1999-2011..?


The percentage of students who have
consumed alcohol in the past week
before the survey has more than
halved (from 34.4% to
15.0%=19.4% reduction)
The percentage of students who have
never tried alcohol has increased by
13.9%
34
From 2008 to 2011:

Statistically significant decreases in the
percentage of students who:




have ever used tobacco
have ever tried alcohol, or consumed it in the
previous week
Decreases (from small percentages) in recent
use of steroids, inhalants, amphetamines,
ecstasy, cocaine and heroin
Stable use of cannabis, hallucinogens and
sedatives
35
Alcohol: most change 2008-2011 to


13-14 year olds- ever used alcohol
14, 16 and 17- recent use of alcohol
36
Decrease in alcohol use 1999-2011
37
Decrease in cannabis use 1999-2011
38
Illicit substances overall
(includes cannabis)

17.3 of students have ever used an
illicit substance



18.5% males
16.1% females
4.5 % of students have used an
illicit substance in the last week


5.6% males
3.3% females
39
Illicit drug use 1999-2011- ever used
30
25
% students
Sedatives
Steroids
20
Inhalants
Amphetamines
15
Ecstasy
Cocaine
10
Heroin
Hallucinogens
5
0
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
Year of survey
Slide courtesy of DASSA
40
Illicit drug use 1999-2011-used in past week
10
8
% students
Sedatives
Steroids
6
Inhalants
Amphetamines
Ecstasy
4
Cocaine
Heroin
2
Hallucinogens
0
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
Year of survey
Slide courtesy of DASSA
41
NEVER used drugs: ASSADS (SA) 2011
2011
% NEVER used
97.5
100
86.4
90
80.2
85.6
83.8
80
Percentage
70
60
50
40
30
22.5
20
10
5.5
0
Substance
97.8
98.9
97.8
98.8
98.3
Recent NON-use of drugs: ASSADS (SA) 2011
Implications: messages





Most young people do not use drugs!
Less young people use drugs now than in the
‘past.’
It’s absolutely OK not to drink!
How we think of/define ‘young people’. (Drug
use in the 19-25 age group is higher that for
students.)
Will the current decrease in student alcohol
use influence drinking rates in the future
(when they are in their early 20’s)?
44
Additional statistics follow for






tobacco
alcohol
cannabis
ecstasy
pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical
purposes
amphetamine
45
Smoking tobacco

Largest single cause of preventable
death and disease in Australia

Responsible for almost 90% drug
related deaths per year

50% of smokers who smoke for a
long time will die prematurely from
tobacco related diseases
Smarter than Smoking professional learning module
46
Smarter than Smoking professional learning module
47
The costs of smoking tobacco




Of 1.3 billion smokers alive today, it is estimated that
650million will eventually be killed by tobacco
5.4million deaths per year globally
Expected to rise to 8million by 2030 (80% in
developing countries)
World Health Organisation (WHO) has the theme"smoke-free environments“ because of the serious
harmful effects of second-hand smoke, which
include about 600,000 premature deaths per year,
numerous crippling illnesses and economic losses
in the tens of billions of dollars.
Data from QuitSA newsletter, Oct 2008 and WHO Report on the Global
Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments
48
South Australians are aware!



95.8% of all South Australians and 92.7% of SA
smokers believe smoking causes illness or
damage to the body
86.5% (77.8% of smokers) agree that passive
smoking causes illness or damage
86.4% support banning of smoking in hotels
Data from QuitSA newsletter, Oct 2008
49
Smoking in SA: age groups
Graph courtesy of Tobacco Control Research + Evaluation- a
statistical update, DASSA seminar Nov 2010
NOTE: reduction in youth smoking rates
50
Smoking in Australia, 2007
Slide courtesy of Tobacco Control Research + Evaluation- a statistical update,
DASSA seminar Nov 2010
NOTE: Smoking prevalence in 1945 was72% males & 26% females
40%
Males
35%
Females
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Australia
SA
NSW
Vic
Qld
Tas
WA
ACT
NT
Figure 1: Smoking prevalence, by State/Territory *
*Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: State
and territory supplement. Drug statistics series no. 21. Cat. no. PHE 102. Canberra: AIHW.
51
Tobacco trend for young Australians?
Source: Critics’ Choice, 2011
52
12-17 year olds
Smoked in the past year (2008)
30
28.1
25
21.9
21.1 21.1
18.6
20
15.6
Males
13.6
15
Females
9.6
10
6.5
5
4.6
3.6 3.1
0
12
13
14
15
16
17
Source: John, David .‘Smoking among South Australian secondary students - results from the 2008 ASSAD survey’. Tobacco
53
Control Research and Evaluation Program, Adelaide, September 2009.
Committed smokers (3+ days in past 7 days),
Australian secondary school students, 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
100
%
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12 years
13 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
17 years
12-17 years
Male
0.9
1.5
4
4.8
7.4
9.3
4.2
Female
0.2
1.3
4.7
6.9
7.8
7.5
4.5
Total
0.6
1.4
4.3
5.8
7.6
8.4
4.4
54
Prevalence of smoking among 12-15 and 16-17 year
olds, Australia1984-2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
50
Among students, smoking decreased through the 1980s and then started to
rise again in the 1990s. Smoking prevalence began to decrease after 1996
amongst the 12-15 year olds, and 1999 for the 16-17 year olds and this
decline continues to 2008
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
12-15 years
16-17 years
5
0
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
55
From Critics’ Choice, 2011:
see pg 30 of Teacher Resource for references
56
Alcohol drinking status: proportion of the population
aged 14 years or over (1991-2010)
2010 National Drug Household Survey
Between 1991 and 2010, for Australians aged 14 years or older, alcohol consumption patterns remained
largely unchanged – less than weekly and never drinking increasing
%
57
Hospitalisations due to drug use and acute alcohol intoxication 20052006
AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database
Rate – per 100,000
population
600
Males, drug use
Females, drug use
500
Males, acute alcohol intoxication
Females, acute alcohol intoxication
400
300
200
100
0
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70+
Age group (years)
Slide courtesy Paul Dillon: Drug and Alcohol Research and Training Australia (DARTA) www.darta.net.au
58
Type of alcohol consumed
2010 National Drug Household Survey
59
In South Australia, alcohol is responsible for,
or contributes to:
• 7,000 hospitalisations and 300 deaths in SA each year
• 30% of serious road accidents
• 34% of falls and drownings
• 44% of fire injuries
• 16% of child abuse cases
• 12% of suicides
• 10% of industrial accidents
• depression
Source: DASSA Drink too much, you’re asking for trouble campaign, 2011
URL:http://www.dassa.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=488
60
In South Australia, alcohol is responsible for,
or contributes to:

In 2010, more than 70,000 Australians were victims of
alcohol-related assault, among which 24,000 were
victims of alcohol-related domestic violence.

In 2008/09, in the Adelaide central business district:
58% of victim-reported crime was alcohol related.
65% of serious assaults were alcohol related.
65% of minor assaults were alcohol related.




In 2009, 90 alcohol-related incidents of glassings
occurred (smashed drink container used as a weapon).

70% of prisoners convicted of violent assaults have
drunk alcohol before committing the offence.
Source: DASSA Drink too much, you’re asking for trouble campaign, 2011
61
2006 ABS ‘Report card’ on Australia’s alcohol
consumption
The flow-on effects to health services is marked.
In the seven years from 1998-99 to 2004-05,
the overall number of hospital admissions with a
principal diagnosis of mental and
behavioural disorders due to alcohol
increased from 23,490 to 35,152.
This data is from Alcohol Consumption in Australia: A
Snapshot, 2004-05.
Available online: www.abs.gov.au
62
Alcohol consumption:
Litres of pure alcohol per capita, population 15 years and over
1963 -2003 OECD Health Data 2004; ABS 2004
18
16
14
12
10
8
Aus tralia
6
Luxe m bourg
Ire land
4
UK
US
2
Ne w Ze aland
0
1963
1973
1983
1993
2003
Slide courtesy Paul Dillon: Drug and Alcohol Research and Training Australia (DARTA) www.darta.net.au
63
Alcohol and the Teenage Brain:
Safest to Keep them Apart


The adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to the
negative effects of prolonged alcohol exposure
Additional is the large body of evidence of the harm
due to injury from the disinhibitory effects of alcohol
(dampening down of frontal lobe)… poor impulse
control…
1. Alcohol should not be consumed by teenagers
under 18 years
2. Alcohol use is best postponed for as long as
possible in the late teenage years and early adult
years.
Executive summary-Prof Ian Hickie, Exec Director, The Brain and Mind
Research Institute, Uni of Sydney- see DrinkwiseAustralia
www.drinkwise.com.au
64
Research around delaying uptake

Early access to alcohol has been associated with
subsequent elevated levels of alcohol use, alcohol
dependence, early binge drinking and social
problems associated with problem drinking.
DRUG INFO clearinghouse Prevention Research Quarterly: current
evidence evaluated, June 2008 Barnes et al. 1997; Casswell et al. 2002;
Costello et al. 1999; Grant & Dawson 1997; Hellandsjo Bu et al. 2002;
Hingson et al. 2000; Jackson et al. 1999; Pederson & Skrondal 1998;
Warner & White 2003
65
Australians students who have never consumed
alcohol, Australian secondary school students, 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12 years
13 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
17 years
12-17 years
Male
33.9
23.3
16.5
11.7
10
7.4
18
Female
35.2
26.9
16
8.9
7.8
7.5
17.7
Total
34.5
25.1
16.3
10.3
8.9
7.5
17.9
66
Percentage of Australian students who describe
themselves as a ‘non-drinker’, 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12 years
13 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
17 years
12-17 years
Male
84.1
77.2
60.2
47.7
34.4
27.4
57.7
Fem ale
88.8
79
62.6
44.2
33.1
26.6
57.8
Total
86.4
78.1
61.3
46
33.7
27
57.7
67
Australian students: Percentage of ‘binge drinkers’
(males: 7+ drinks; females: 5+ drinks on one
occasion), 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12 years
13 years
14 years
15 years
16 years
17 years
12-17 years
Male
0.4
0.5
3.5
6.5
11.6
19.9
6
Fem ale
0.1
1
5
7.8
12.8
16.9
6.6
Total
0.3
0.7
4.2
7.1
12.2
18.4
6.3
68
Drink types most commonly consumed by those who drank
alcohol in the past week, 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
100
90
80
Males (12-15 years)
Females (12-15 years)
Males (16-17 years)
Not surprisingly, beer is more popular with young men than young women
and the opposite is true for premixed spirits. However, the drink type
consistently popular across all ages and genders is spirits
Females (16-17 years)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Beer
Wine
Premixed spirits
Spirits
69
Drink types most commonly consumed by those who drank
alcohol in the past week, 2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
100
Males (12-15 years)
90
Females (12-15 years)
Males (16-17 years)
80
Females (16-17 years)
Not surprisingly, beer is more popular with young men than young women
and the opposite is true for premixed spirits. However, the drink type
consistently popular across all ages and genders is spirits
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Beer
Wine
Premixed spirits
Spirits
70
Prevalence of risky drinking among 12-15 year old
current drinkers, Australia, 1984-2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
%
50
males
45
females
The prevalence of risky drinking (defined as drinking more than 6
drinks for males and more than 4 for females) increased
throughout the 1990s. The 2008 data suggests that there may be
a ‘slowing down’ in the rate of increase but it is still much more
prevalent than it was in the 1980s and early 90s
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
71
Prevalence of risky drinking among 16-17 year old current
drinkers, Australia, 1984-2008
ASSADS 2008: Slide courtesy Paul Dillon, DARTA
50
%
males
45
females
40
35
30
25
20
As for the 12-15 year olds, the prevalence of risky drinking has been
increasing since 1984, although it would appear that the young men peaked in
1999. Young women’s rate of risky drinking increased sharply in the late
1990s and has leveled off in recent years
15
10
5
0
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
72
Reported age of first full serve of alcohol, by age
cohort (2004 NDSHS)Slide courtesy Ann M Roche, National Centre for Education and Training
on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University
Cumulative Percentage
100
20 to 29
90
30 to 39
80
40 to 49
70
50 to 59
60
60+
50
40
30
20
10
0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Age of first full serve of alcohol
73
Research: parents want to know
Quantum Market Research, 2008. Focus groups with parents of pre-teens (914yrs).
Parents said:
 Many are looking for assistance to communicate their concerns
around their child’s initiation to alcohol at a young age.
 Most acknowledged their pre-teen are likely to drink, but
concerned at risks: violence, vehicle accidents, injuries, sexual
assault.
 Not sure how influential they are in shaping their children’s
decisions
 Believe that a prohibitive approach is unlikely to work
 Welcomed information about a delayed introduction to alcohol, but
this seemed at odds with current risk-taking behaviour
 Looking for advice on how better to communicate with their
children, especially in adolescence
 Believe a variety of approaches is needed- including ‘forums at
schools’.
DrinkwiseAustralia
74
Cannabis:
Recent use of cannabis, people aged 14 years or older, by age, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
75
Cannabis:
How have things changed?
Lifetime and recent cannabis use, 1993-2010. 2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
76
Cannabis:
Recent use of cannabis, people aged 14 years or older, by age, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
77
Ever used cannabis, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
78
Recent cannabis use, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
79
Recent use of cannabis, people aged 12-17, 18-19 and 20-29 years, by age and
jurisdiction, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
80
Cannabis costs



Compared with other illicit drugs, cannabis use
rates second to heroin in terms of healthy years of
life lost to Australians
Cannabis use before 15 years predicts at 16 years
 School drop-out (22.5% versus 3.5%
 Frequent truanting (31.5% versus 4.7%)
When other factors considered, 3 X risk of leaving
schools without formal qualifications
Information from 2008 National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre (ncpic)
workshop- see www.ncpic.org.au
81
Cannabis costs

Increased risk of poor mental health
outcomes including





Suicide
Other substance use
Criminal behaviour
Reduced life opportunities
Adolescents develop dependence at a
faster rate and at a lower exposure that
do adults
Information from 2008 National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre
(ncpic) workshop- see www.ncpic.org.au
82
Cannabis: risks and harms?


Long term:
 increased risk of respiratory diseases, including cancer
 decreased memory and learning abilities
 decreased motivation
Dependence?
 Prevalence rates amongst those who ever try cannabis
are 9-15%
 The risk increased the more often cannabis is smoked
 Early initiation is linked with progression to heavy use
and dependence
Hall, W and Pacula, R (2003) Cannabis use and dependence
Information from 2008 National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre (ncpic)
83
workshop- see www.ncpic.org.au
Ecstasy: recent use, people aged 12-17, 18-19, 20-29, 30-
39 years, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
84
Pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical purposes
Recent use: people aged 12 years or older,2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
85
Pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical purposes, (main type over-the-counter)
Recent use, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
86
Pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical purposes, (main type prescription)
Recent use, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
87
Recent use of meth/amphetamines, people aged 12-17, 18-19, 2029 and 30-39 years, 1995-2010
2010 National Drug Household Survey
%
88
Further information, contacts?




Please familiarise with the Drug Strategy website
www.decs.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy
The Drug Education Resources section has information
about and links to relevant reports, about substances,
methodologies, and resources for drug education.
With thanks for specific information in this Power point
presentation from



Paul Dillon (DARTA): http://darta.net.au/
Smarter than Smoking professional learning:
http://equitsa.org.au/moodle/
Drug and Alcohol Services SA (DASSA):
http://www.dassa.sa.gov.au
89
Alcohol: teenage use
2010 National Drug Household Survey
Powerful statistics around changed in adolescents
and alcohol:

More teenagers (12-17 year olds) abstained from
alcohol (61.6%) than consumed alcohol in the
previous 12 months (38.4%)

The proportion abstaining increased significantly
from 2007 (54.5%)

http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=32212254712&tab=2
90