Transcript Elements of Design

Cornell Notes
• Your expectations for note taking is that they
are IN your sketchbook.
• You are getting a grade for your notes- if they
are not in this format you will be marked
down. You are responsible to get the notes
from others so that when I do sketchbook
checks every couple of weeks you will have
them to be graded.
Cornell notes review
• 1. Write in the heading (name, date, class)
• 2. Write in the topic: Todays topic is “Elements
of Design”
• 3. Write in your notes.
• 4. Write in your questions AFTER the notes (on
the left hand side)
• 5. Summary portion. (at bottom)
Elements of Design
Essential Question: What are the
SEVEN elements of design and how
are they used in art?
1. Line
• A line is a mark between
two points. There are
various types of lines,
from straight to squiggly
to curved and more.
• Lines can be used for a
wide range of purposes in
art but one main purpose
is to lead your eye
through a work of art.
• This is because it takes
movement to create a
line!
• How does the line in this
piece lead our eye
through the work?
Types of lines
•
•
•
•
Vertical
Horizontal
Zig-zag
Spiraled
Line Variation
• Width- thick, thin,
tapering, uneven
• Length - long, short,
continuous, broken
• Direction- horizontal,
vertical, diagonal,
curving, perpendicular,
oblique, parallel, radial,
zigzag
Contour line
• A contour line defines the
edges and surface ridges of an
object. (essentially it’s an
outline.)
• There are many types of
contour drawings- in some you
keep your eyes on the subject
you are drawing and don’t
look away from it to see your
paper. You also do not pick up
your pencil .
• I want you to take about 3
minutes to do a CONTOUR
drawing of your pencil or pen.
(You may look at your paper
but you must NEVER lift up
your pencil and you must try
to add some types of detail)
• Blind contour:
Space
• Space refers to the emptiness or area
between, around above , below or within an
object.
• Space refers to both inner and outer space.
• Positive Space: In both 2d and 3d the shapes
or forms are the positive space
• Negative space: The empty spaces between
the shapes or forms are negative spaces…
• Which is the positive
space?
• Which is the negative?
Depth & Perspective & how they relate
to space.
• Depth: This is an illusion created when some
objects seem closer than others.
• Perspective: Graphic system that creates the
illusion of depth.
Ways to create depth:
1. Overlapping: one object covering part of another
object.
2. Size: larger objects appear closer to the viewer.
3. Placement: Objects lower on the picture plane seem
closer to the viewer.
4. Detail: Clear sharp edges in objects make them look
closer- when objects are further they look more
blurred.
5. Color: Brightly colored seems closer
6. Converging lines: Linear perspective (we will go over
this later.
• What are the details in this piece that show DEPTH?
Color
Overlapping
Placement
Lines Converging
Size
Shape
• A shape is a 2 dimensional area that is defined
in some way. (might have an outline or a
boundary)
• There are two main types of shapes:
Geometric and Free Form.
• All geometric shapes are precise and can be
made using mathematic formulas.
Shape
•
• All geometric shapes
are precise and can be
made using mathematic
formulas.
Free form shapes are
uneven and irregular.
Another way to describe
free form is “Organic”. This
is an easy way to describe
shapes of living things
Form
• Forms are shapes that have 3 dimensions.
Shapes and forms are related: one side of a
cube is a square, the bottom of a cylinder is a
circle etc.
• Forms can also be free form or geometric:
Try drawing a CUBE
Value
• Value is how light or dark
an area looks: everything
from dark to white, all
the shades in between,
has a value.
• Value creates depth
within a picture making
an object look three
dimensional with
highlights and shadows
Value
• We can use
different
combinations
of line to show
value like in
the piece we
see here…
Line Creating Value:
Now draw a new cube…
Add hatching on one side and cross
hatching on the other side…
• Add small hatching lines
beneath the CROSS
HATCHED side, and you
have created a 3d form
(cube) with VALUE that
shows DEPTH in SPACE!
Texture
• Texture relates to the surface of an object;
how it feels or how it MIGHT feel if touched.
• Concrete has a rough texture, drywall has a
smooth and subtle texture. Using texture in
design is a great way to add depth and visual
interest.
• Artists can use different sizes, shapes, and
colors to create texture.
Texture
• You perceive texture with
touch or vision.
• Therefore you can either
have simulated or
invented texture:
• Simulated: imitate real
textures- Plastic that
looks like wood, or vinyl
that looks like tiles.
• Invented texture are 2
dimensional patterns
created by repetition of
lines and shapes- they
don’t represent real
surfaces but they could
mimic unusual textures.
Texture
Color
• Color is an element of art derived from reflected
light.
• It can be used to generate emotions, define
importance, create visual interest and more.
• Some colors are warm and active (orange, red,
yellow)
• Some colors are cool and passive (blue, purple,
green)
• Primary: Red, Yellow, Blue
• Secondary: Orange, Green, Purple
Color
Color!
Color
• Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue
• In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments), primary colors are
the 3 pigment colors that can not be mixed or formed by any combination
of other colors. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues.
• Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple
• These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.
• Tertiary Colors: Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, bluegreen & yellow-green. These are the colors formed by mixing a primary
and a secondary color. That's why the hue is a two word name, such as
blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.
Color Harmony
• Harmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it be
music, poetry, color, or even an ice cream sundae.
• In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It
engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the
visual experience. When something is not harmonious, it's either boring or
chaotic. At one extreme is a visual experience that is so bland that the
viewer is not engaged. The human brain will reject under-stimulating
information. At the other extreme is a visual experience that is so
overdone, so chaotic that the viewer can't stand to look at it. The human
brain rejects what it can not organize, what it can not understand. The
visual task requires that we present a logical structure. Color harmony
delivers visual interest and a sense of order.
• In summary, extreme unity leads to under-stimulation, extreme
complexity leads to over-stimulation. Harmony is a dynamic equilibrium.
Analogous colors
• Analogous colors are any three colors which
are side by side on a 12 part color wheel, such
as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-orange.
Usually one of the three colors predominates.
Complimentary Colors
• Complementary colors are any two colors which
are directly opposite each other, such as red and
green and red-purple and yellow-green. In the
illustration above, there are several variations of
yellow-green in the leaves and several variations
of red-purple in the orchid. These opposing colors
create maximum contrast and maximum stability.