Transcript Slide 1

继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十二讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Unit 5
Talking About the Weather
Contents
1. Talking about weather forecast
Lead-in: Warm-up
1. Do you often listen to weather
forecast? Why or why not?
2. What’s the use and importance
of a weather forecast?
Lead-in: Read and translate
Read and translate Sample 1.
Sample 1
Good morning. This is the local weather
report. Today will be cool and partly cloudy, with
a chance of rain this afternoon. At 7:00 a.m., the
downtown temperature was 62 F. Thank you for
calling. Have a nice day!
Weather forecasts and weather
reports
• Information about the weather that’s likely to
come is called a weather forecast, though it’s
often included with information about recent
weather in a weather report. As you could
expect, there are local and national weather
reports on television and radio during the day
and in the evening, and in local and national
newspapers, too. You can also get weather
reports by phone (dial 121 in China). Even if you
don’t understand everything, reading or listening
to weather reports will give you some idea of
what the weather is going to be like.
Applied writing: Weather report
Sample analysis
A weather report or forecast is a very
useful aid in our daily life. Knowing the
usual format for giving a weather
forecast helps us a lot in understanding
a weather forecast in English.
Applied writing: Weather report
Sample analysis
Figures, measurement units, graphics,
weather terms, and broken short
passages are often used to forecast
weather conditions. In general, the
language used to forecast weather
should be concise, clear, familiar and
vivid.
Some terms in weather reports
• Describing the weather (nouns)
• Sunshine, haze, drizzle, shower, downpour,
storm, thunder, lightning, thunderstorm, breeze,
gust of wind, gale, hurricane, fog, mist, frost,
hail, dew, ice, snow, sleet, slush, snowstorm,
blizzard, snowdrift
• Describing the weather (adjectives)
• Bright, fine, fair, cloudy, overcast, dull, rainy, hot,
warm, mild, cool, chilly, freezing, calm, windy,
strong, dry, damp, humid, wet, stuffy, close
Applied writing: Weather report
Sentences used to describe weather:
1. Tomorrow is going to be fair.
2. It’s foggy in the morning and it’ll be
clear and fine this afternoon.
3. Tomorrow will be overcast
with drizzle.
Applied writing: Weather report
Sentences used to describe weather:
4. It is expected to be partly cloudy
in the next two days.
5. Tomorrow we can expect cloudy,
windy and cold weather.
6. The wind will be light with little
change of the temperature.
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十三讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Making comments on weather
condition
Sample dialogues
Warm-up
1. Do you often talk about
the weather and the
weather forecast?
Speak out-asking about the weather
A. What do you think of the weather
here?
B. What’s the weather going to be like
tomorrow?
C. Do you think it’ll be a fine day
tomorrow?
Speak out-asking about the weather
D. What did the weatherman say?
E. Today is cool and a bit cloudy,
isn’t it?
F. What’s it like outside?
G. Lovely day, isn’t it?
Sample dialogues
Warm-up
2. Do you know how to
describe the weather
in English?
Speak out-describing weather
A. It’s lovely and nice.
B. It’s lovely and clear.
C. A perfect day to play outside.
Speak out-describing weather
D. Fairly mild for this time of year.
E. It looks like rain.
F. It’s all right, but it rains a lot.
Speak out-describing weather
G. What a (an) ___ day!
Tips:
beautiful
lovely
awful
terrible
Speak out-describing weather
H. The heat is
killing me.
I. The hot weather
makes me lazy.
Speak out-describing weather
J. It’s nice to see the
sun again.
K. We can enjoy a
lot of sunshine.
Sample dialogues
Read and find out
Read and find out
useful expressions for
talking about the weather.
Sample 1
Talking About the Weather Today
S:
J:
S:
J:
Hi, Jane. What’s the weather like today? Do I need to
wear a sweater?
I don’t know. Why don’t you call the weather report?
What’s the number?
121.
Sample 1
Talking About the Weather Today
R:
J:
S:
J:
Good morning. This is the local weather report.
Today will be cool and partly cloudy, with a
chance of rain this afternoon...
Well, what is the weather report, Sandy? Will it
be a nice day?
Not exactly. It’s 62°F and there’s a chance of
rain.
So I guess you should wear a sweater and take
an umbrella with you.
Sample 1
Talking About the Weather Today
R:
J:
S:
J:
Good morning. This is the local weather report.
Today will be cool and partly cloudy, with a
chance of rain this afternoon...
Well, what is the weather report, Sandy? Will it
be a nice day?
Not exactly. It’s 62°F and there’s a chance of
rain.
So I guess you should wear a sweater and take
an umbrella with you.
Sample 2
Talking About the Weather in New York
B:
J:
B:
J:
B:
J:
B:
J:
B:
J:
Hello, Jack? It’s me, Bill.
Hello, Bill. Have you arrived in New York?
Yes, I’m in New York now.
How is the weather there?
It’s warm and sunny.
What’s the temperature?
It’s 50 °F.
Is that about 10 °C?
That’s right.
Wow! That’s cold for November.
Sample dialogues
Sentences for describing weather:
1. Today will be cool and partly cloudy,
with a chance of rain this afternoon.
2. It’s 62℉and there’s a chance of rain.
3. It’s warm and sunny.
4. That’s cold for November.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十四讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• Something about Celsius and
Fahrenheit
• Look like
• Continue
• Through
• predict
Passage Ⅰ
Is It Going to Be a Fine Day
Warm-up questions
Do you know the difference between
Celsius and Fahrenheit?
Something about Celsius and Fahrenheit:
In weather forecasts we usually use two
different measurements of temperature to
describe the weather.
Warm-up questions
One is Celsius (℃) and the other is
Fahrenheit (℉). 0℃ equals 32℉ and
l00℃ equals 2l2℉. Western people
are more familiar with Fahrenheit
measurement.
Warm-up questions
What’s the weather like today?
Reading of the passage
Is It Going to Be
a Fine Day
passag
e
Passage I
Text
Is It Going to be a Fine Day
Para. 1 A weatherman is giving the weekend forecast
on the TV evening news:
It’s still raining here in Chicago, and it looks
like that rain is going to continue through the weekend. It
will be cloudy tomorrow with scattered showers,
and the outlook for Sunday — more rain and colder. The
predicted high for tomorrow is forty-five degrees
Fahrenheit, and the temperature is expected to dip to the
freezing point tomorrow night with thirty-two degrees.
I’m afraid colder weather is on its way!
Para.2 …
Text
Para.3 Now let’s take a look at the weather
across the country. Showers expected tomorrow
down the West Coast as far south as San Francisco.
Fair weather in the low seventies predicted for the
Los Angeles area; fair in San Diego.
Para.4 There is a cold front from Canada
moving down through the western states.
Thirty-eight degrees in Denver, Colorado, with
thirty-mile-an-hour winds, and it’s expected to be
cold and windy right through the weekend. Dallas is
experiencing unseasonably cold weather—— fortyeight degrees.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十五讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
Turn to
currently
drop
Think about
Wind up
Text
It is raining as far east as Detroit and
Toronto, and rain is going to continue through tomorrow,
when it may turn to snow.
Currently, forty-three
degrees in Detroit, forty-one degrees in Toronto. And
temperature’s dropping.
Para.5
Para.6 It’s snowing heavily in Montreal, ladies and
gentlemen, its first storm of the season, and we expect
snow activity to move down from Canada into the
eastern states sometime tomorrow, probably reaching
the New York area sometime tomorrow night.
Text
Para. 7 Good weather across the south. Clear skies
in Miami, and they’re going to enjoy a sunny seventyeight degrees in that town this weekend, so if you’re
thinking about a vacation, now’s time to do it.
Back to Chicago. Once again, continuing rain tonight
through Sunday. Current temperature, thirty-eight
degrees. And that winds up our weather report for this
evening. This is Dave Spellman. Have a good night, and
if you’re going out, don’t forget your umbrella.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
Difficult Sentences
1. (Para. 2 ) It will be cloudy tomorrow with
scattered showers…
“with”
structure
further
explains the part of the
weather that precedes it.
明天多云，局部地区有阵雨。
Difficult Sentences
2. (Para. 2) The predicted high for tomorrow is forty-five
degrees Fahrenheit, and the temperature is expected to
dip to the freezing point tomorrow night with thirty-two
degrees.
“passive voice” is a commonly-used structure
of a weather forecast .
预计明天最高温度华氏45度，明天晚上温度会降至冰点，华
氏32度。
Difficult Sentences
“are” is omitted
3. (Para. 3) Showers expected tomorrow down the West
Coast as far south as San Francisco. Fair weather in the low
seventies predicted for the Los Angeles area; fair in San
Diego.
“is” is omitted
The full sentence should be “it will be fair in San Diego.”
预计明天沿西南海岸向西海岸直至旧金山有阵雨；洛杉
矶地区，天气晴好，气温70多华氏度；圣地亚哥，晴。
Difficult Sentences
Post modifier.
4. (para. 4)There is a cold front from Canada moving down
through the western states.
“There be+ n.+participle phrase” structure
is often used in a weather forecast.
FOR EXAMPLE
There are some students coming from the south.
来自加拿大的冷锋下行经过西部各州。
Difficult Sentences
5. (para. 5) It is raining as far east as Detroit and
Toronto, and rain is going to continue through
tomorrow when it may turn to snow.
a relative clause further
explaining the weather
situation tomorrow
降雨一直向东延伸到底特律和多伦多，而且将要持续到明天，
届时很可能雨转雪。
Difficult Sentences
6. (Para. 6) ...and we expect that snow activity to move
down from Canada into the eastern states sometime
tomorrow, probably reaching the New York area
sometime tomorrow night.
present participle used as an
accompanying adverbial of
move down
FOR EXAMPLE
She has been in University of Utah for half a year,
surely enjoying the academic atmosphere.
而且我们计降雪会在明天某时从加拿大南下到东部各
州, 可能于明晚某时到达纽约地区。
.
Difficult Sentences
7. (Para. 7) Clear skies in Miami, and they’re going
to enjoy a sunny seventy-eight degrees in that
town this weekend, so if you’re thinking about a
vacation, now’s time to do it.
introduces an adverbial
clause of result
FOR EXAMPLE
Come in for this course, and you will learn how to use
the latest office software, so if you’re thinking about
updating your knowledge, it is your choice.
迈阿密,周末天气晴好，气温78华氏度,阳光充足。
如果你正打算度假, 现在正当其时。
Important Words
look like: seem to be, seem as if…
FOR EXAMPLE
•
It looks like we’re going to be late.
•
It looks like a good book.
•
It looks like to me that he is ill.
Important Words
continue: v. remain, stay; keep doing something and do
not stop;start again after stopping for a period of time
FOR EXAMPLE
•
If the situation continues for one month, workers will
probably go on strike
•
He continued talking (to talk).
•
The girls should continue with their English study.
•
The next day he continued building his model airplane.
Important Words
through: prep. (esp. in expression of time) up to and
including
FOR EXAMPLE
•
We had no rain from March right through October.
•
The exhibition is on from Monday through Friday.
Important Words
predict: v. see or describe (a future happening) in
advance as a result of knowledge, experience, reason, etc.
FOR EXAMPLE
•
He predicted a brilliant future for the child.
•
You can’t predict what they are going to do.
Important Words
expect: v. think that something will happen
FOR EXAMPLE
•
I expect that he will pass the examination.
•
“Will she come soon?” “I expect so.”
Important Words
dip: (cause to) drop slightly, perhaps just for a moment
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Grain prices dipped yesterday.
•
The plane’s nose dipped.
Important Words
experience: v. feel, suffer or know
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Similar problems have been experienced by other
students.
•
She has experienced a lot in her 30years of life.
Important Words
turn to:
a) become something different 变成，转为
b) (cause) (one’s intention, interest, mind, etc.) to be directed
towards something
（把）（注意力、兴趣等）转向
c) ask (someone) for help or advice 求助于（某人）
FOR EXAMPLE
If you give more heat, the water will turn to steam.
Soon her sobbing turned to crying.
His attention turned to the pretty young girl.
I wonder if we can turn our conversation to something you mentioned
earlier.
She’d turn to him for help.
Whatever happens, he will turn to his parents for advice.
Important Words
currently: adv. at the present time, at the moment
目前，当前
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Currently the prices are low and people are happy
buying what they want.
•
Currently this product is still hand-made.
Important Words
drop: v. let fall or lower 降低，下降
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Prices dropped and everyone was happy.
•
His voice dropped and we could hardly hear him.
Important Words
think about: consider seriously before making a
decision; think of 考虑， 思考
FOR EXAMPLE
•
We are thinking about going to France for our holiday
but we haven’t decided for certain.
•
She is thinking about buying a new house as the child
becomes older.
Important Words
wind up: cause to be finished 结束，办完
FOR EXAMPLE
•
It is time to wind up the game.
•
They wound up the party with a drink.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十六讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
•
•
•
•
opportunity
Depend on
Outdoor
关系从句
Passage Ⅱ
British People Like
Talking About the Weather
Warm-up questions
1. Do you know something
about the weather
conditions in Britain?
Warm-up questions
2. How do English people usually
start their conversations? Why?
Reading of the passage
British People Like
Talking About the Weather
passag
e
Text
Passage II
The English Like Talking About the Weather
Para1.The most important thing to
remember about the weather in Britain is that it
often changes. You can wake up to a beautiful
blue sky and then it starts raining during
breakfast. Similarly, you may decide not to go
for a picnic because it’s too wet — then later
it’s fine. Because long periods when the
weather stays the same day after day aren’t
very common in Britain, the kind of weather
you get will depend not only on the time of year,
but also on luck.
Text
Para.2 Weather in Britain may explain a
lot about what you find here. For example,
the opportunities for people to meet outside
depend a lot on the weather, so you won’t
see people meeting and spending time
together outdoors as much as you do in
hotter countries.
This may give some
visitors the idea that the British are not very
friendly. The weather helps to explain eating
customs too; a large hot breakfast, for
example, is a good idea on a cold dark
morning.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十七讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
amuse
climate
variable
reluctant
Text
Para.3 Foreigners are often amused that
the English spend so much time discussing
the weather.
An important reason for this is
that the climate in Britain is interesting and
variable. Because the weather changes
frequently, there’s always something to say
about it, and this is probably the commonest
way for strangers to start a conversation.
At
places like bus stop you might hear
conversations start like this:
1st person: Lovely day, isn’t it?
2nd person: Yes, isn’t it.
Text
Para.4 Then they may go on to talk about
what the weather has been like recently or
what it’ll be like next. Another reason is that
the English are reluctant to converse about
personal matters with people who are not
friends.
Mentioning the weather is also a
useful way to greet someone you pass on the
street; it’s inoffensive to begin a conversation
with someone you don’t know at a social event.
A comment on a nice day or a personal
complaint about the rain is an easy way to
break the ice.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
Difficult Sentences
The post modifier
of the sentence
subject
1. (Para.1) The most important thing to remember about
the weather in Britain is that it often changes.
Introduces
the
complement clauses
关于英国的天气，需要记住的最重要的一点就是它多变。
Difficult Sentences
introducing a relative clause
2. (Para. 2) Because long periods when the weather
stays the same day after day aren’t very common in
Britain, the kind of weather you get will depend not
only on the time of year, but also on luck.
FOR EXAMPLE
relative
omitted
clause,
“that”
Because the time when he will return home is not set,
the welcome party (that ) we are going to give him is
not prepared yet.
因为天气在几天长的时间都保持不变的时候在英国不
是很常见,所以会遇上什么样的天气不仅取决于是一年
中的什幺时候, 而且取决于运气。
is
Difficult Sentences
modifier
3. (Para. 2) For example, the opportunities for
people to meet outside depend a lot on the
weather, so you won’t see people meeting and
spending time together outdoors as much as
you do in hotter countries.
Refers to “see”
the
object
complement
举个例子来说吧，人们在外面相会的机会很大程度上取决
于天气，因此你会注意到这里人们外出相会或在外面共度
时光的机会没有你在比较炎热的国家里见到的那样多。
Difficult Sentences
That is often used to introduce a clause which
gives the cause or the effect of an adjective,
amused in this case.
4. (Para.3) Foreigners are often amused that the
English spend so much time discussing the weather.
FOR EXAMPLE
They are often puzzled that he spends so much time
working without any relaxation.
TRANSLATION
外国人时常感到好笑，因为英国人花这么多时间讨论天气。
Difficult Sentences
refers to “the weather”
Refers to “saying
about the weather”
modifier
5. (Para.3) Because the weather changes frequently,
there is always something to say about it, and this is
probably the commonest way for strangers to start a
conversation.
structure: for sb. to do
sth.
因为天气多变,人们对天气总是有话可说,这或许就是不相识
的人通常把它作为话题的原因。
Difficult Sentences
introduces a subjectcomplement clause
6. (Para.3) Another reason is that the English are reluctant
to converse about personal matters with people who are
not friends.
Introduces a relative clause
FOR EXAMPLE
The real reason is that he cannot forget the man who
saved his life in that terrible accident.
另外的一个原因是英国人不愿意和不是朋友的人谈论私事。
Difficult Sentences
7.(Para. 3) A comment on a nice day or a personal complaint
about the rain is an easy way to break the ice.
Analysis: Note that when or is used to coordinate two subjects, the
verb must agree with the subject after or. to break the ice is an
infinitive clause modifying way.
FOR EXAMPLE
Kind words or a friendly smile is a useful way to make the
guest feel comfortable.
赞美天气好或抱怨天下雨是打破僵局开始交谈的一个捷径。
Important Words
depend on:
a) change according to (no passive) (无被动) 由…而定
b) need someone or something for help or to be able to
live 依赖，依靠
FOR EXAMPLE
Whether the match will be held depended on the weather.
The success of a person depends on many things.
My wife and my children depend on me.
I know you are my true friend whom I can always depend
on.
Important Words
opportunity: n. a favorable moment or occasion (for
doing something) 机会，时机
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Opportunity knocks at the door, but only those who are
well-prepared can seize it.
•
China’s entry to WTO brings us many wonderful
opportunities.
•
I never missed an opportunity to play football.
Important Words
outdoors: ad. in the open air 在户外
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Children like playing outdoors no matter what the
weather is like.
•
They prefer walking outdoors to sitting indoors.
Important Words
amuse: v. make someone laugh; cause laughter in
逗乐，使发笑
FOR EXAMPLE
•
•
I am amused by his funny experience in Paris.
He is amused by the little girl’s words.
Important Words
climate: v. n. the average weather conditions at a
particular place over a period of year 气候
FOR EXAMPLE
•
I am still not used to the climate here.
•
She gets to love this place because of its agreeable
climate.
Important Words
discuss: v. talk about 讨论，谈论
FOR EXAMPLE
•
They are discussing where to spend their May Day
holiday.
•
The leaders have discussed the problem but haven’t
worked out a solution yet.
Important Words
variable: a. changeable, not steady
易变的，无常的，不稳定的
FOR EXAMPLE
•
The winds today will be light and variable.
•
Stock market is variable, you’d better be cautious.
Important Words
reluctant: a. unwilling and therefore perhaps slow to act
勉强的，不情愿的
FOR EXAMPLE
•
He is very reluctant to accept the date with the girl.
•
You cannot depend on him, his promise is so
reluctant .
Important Words
converse: v. talk informally 交谈，谈话
FOR EXAMPLE
•
After a year studying at university I feel able to
converse with anyone about anything.
•
They often converse over the phone.
Important Words
personal: a. belonging or relating to a particular person,
not to others 个人的，私人的
FOR EXAMPLE
•
It’s a matter of personal preference, I simply like the
blue one.
•
This is my personal problem, you have no right to
know.
Important Words
social: a. relating to leisure activities that involve
meeting other people 社交的，交际的
FOR EXAMPLE
•
He is very shy on social occasions.
•
You must take part in some social activities,
otherwise you’ll have no way to make friends.
Important Words
comment:
v. make a remark, give an opinion 评论
n. (an) opinion, explanation, or judgment written or
spoken about an event, book, person, etc. 评语，评论
FOR EXAMPLE
• The coach refused to comment on the result of the
football match.
•
•
•
His friends commented humorously about his new
haircut.
What comments do you have on this event?
This is only my personal comment, take it easy.
Important Words
complain: n. (cause or reason for) being not satisfied
抱怨，投诉
FOR EXAMPLE
•
I am fed up with your constant complaints about our
present life.
•
We can often hear his complaints about the Sales
Department.
Key words and expressions
say or do sth. to make
people feel more relaxed
d. break the ice
Sometimes talking about the
weather is a way of breaking the
ice between strangers.
Important Words
break the ice: begin to be friendly with someone, make
people feel comfortable 打破僵局，打破矜持
FOR EXAMPLE
•
Sometimes a cigarette is a way of breaking the ice
among men.
•
She is very active at social events and often the one
who breaks the ice.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十八讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
The Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense
The simple past tense is used to prefer to
a past action that does not continue
用法
一般过去时
构成
常用时间
用法
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
My father was at home last night.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He always went to work by bus last year.
规则动词
look ——looked
play——played
live——lived
hope——hoped
stop——stopped
trip——tripped
study——studied
worry——worried
不规则动词
come---came
go--- went
say-- said
see------ saw
take-- took
put-- put
buy-----bought give-- gave
fall------ fell
tell--
told
sit--
sat
meet-- met
常用时间状语
yesterday
last week
three days ago
in 2000
Make a sentence with the words given.
have a meeting, yesterday
We had a meeting yesterday.
give a concert, last month
Jay gave a concert last month.
join WTO , in 2001
China joined WTO in 2001.
visit Canada,last Thursday
He visited Canada last Thursday.
I’m every woman
我是个普通的女人
die , in America, February 11
She died in America on February 11.
get married , June7 ,2011
They got married on June 7, 2011.
divorce in 2011
They divorced in 2011.
Translate the sentences into Chinese
1.上周，我和父母去游了东湖并且玩得很开心。
Last week, I visited the East Lake with
my parents and we had a great time.
2.昨天晚上我来你家找你，但是你不在。
Yesterday evening, I came to your house to see you,
but you weren’t in/ at home
3. 几天前,我的朋友Jim借了我的英语书但是没还。
Several days ago, my friend Jim lent my English book
but didn’t return it.
Thank you!
useful sentences and
By for now.
expressions
for talking
about the weather.
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
大学英语（一）
第四十九讲
授课教师：朱丽翠
Contents
• the present perfect Tense
•
现在完成时
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• , while the present perfect tense is used
to show actions which started in the
past and are still continuing, or actions
which happened in the past, but have
• an effect till the present.
the present perfect Tense
现在完成时
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
If winter has already come,
can spring be far behind?
1.现在完成时的概念
1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影
响或结果；
I have had dinner already.(I’m full now)
2） 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或
状态。
eg: He has learned English since 2001.
现在完成时
past
一般过去式
now
现在进行时
future
一般将来时
你会自己
造句吗？
2.现在完成时的结构
• 现在完成时的构成：
• have/has + done
助动词
过去分词
Have:第一、二/ 复数
规则动词：
Has: 第三人称单数
不规则动词
主语+ have/has +过去分词+宾语+状语
规则动词
• (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
•
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
• (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
•
live---lived---lived
• (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加
“ ed ”。
•
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
• (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅
音字母，再加“ ed ”。
•
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
•
•
•
•
•
•
work
live
stay
stop
clean
study
worked
______
______
lived
______
stayed
______
stopped
______
cleaned
______
studied
worked
______
______
lived
______
stayed
______
stopped
______
cleaned
______
studied
不规则动词
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AAA型 cost cost cost ；cut cut cut
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 ①run ran run；
②come came come
③become became become
ABB型 buy bought bought；
build built built
ABC型 begin began begun；
choose chose chosen
3.现在完成时的否定与疑问
• 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后
面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
否定句
I have not (haven’t)
studied….
疑问句
Have I studied…?
You have not (haven’t)
studied….
Have you studied…?
He has not (hasn’t)
studied….
Has he studied…?
重点2：现在完成时态的否定与疑问
• 例题Rewrite the sentences.
• 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改为否定句)
not
have
• I _________
_________
been to Shanghai before.
•
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就
划线部分提问)
Why hasn’t
• ______
______ he come to school?
比较have been to/in和have gone to
He has gone to Shanghai.
他(已经)去上海了。
He has been to Shanghai.
他(曾经) 去过上海。
have(has) been in
• 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一
段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how
long 等。例如：
• Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three
days.
• 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
小结
词组
have gone to
含义
have been to
曾经去过某地，现
在已经不在那里了
。
just, ever, never
have been in
在某地呆多长时间
since, for, how
long
搭配
到某地去了，表示
到了某地或正在去
某地的途中。说话
时该人不在现场
重点3 have been to/in和have gone to 的对比
例题
• 1. Jane has _____
to BeiJing. She will come back
D
tomorrow.
• A. been
B. never been
• C. went
D. gone
• 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr.
Black?
B
• -- Sorry. He ______
the Bainiao Park.
• A. has been to
B. has gone to
• C. went to
D. will go to
• 3. --____
B you ever ____ to the US?
• -- Yes, twice.
• A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
• C, Do, go
D. were, going
4.现在完成时的用法
• 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完
成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是
该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
•(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等
表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词
just，already, before, yet, never,
ever ,two times等状语连用。例如：
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
Have you milked the cow yet?
牛奶的奶挤了吗？
I have never heard that before.
我从没听说过。
你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？
• 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和
包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用
，如recently, lately, for…, since…, 等。如
：
• We haven’t seen you recently.
• 最近我们没有见到你。
• They have been away for two years.
• 他们离开已经两年了。
• She has been with us since Monday.
• 她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。
• 注意：1) since和for的区别
• since后接时间点，如1993，last term,
yesterday, the time I got there，
Tuesday, October--------“自从”……
• for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”
，如ten years, a while, two days等。----“长达”……
重点4：since和for的区别
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
since
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______
Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______forthree days.
for days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7
since
o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6.since
The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20
for
minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty
______ many years.
for been ill ______a long time. He has been in
8. Mike has
hospital ______ October.for
since
• 注意：2)
• 表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy,
begin, start, die等，在完成
时当中不能和表示一段时间
的状语连用（不能和since,
for, how long 连用）。
短暂性
动词
•
•
•
•
•
•
F
He has come here for 2 years.
F
The old man has died for 4 months.
They have left only for 5 minutes.
F
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2years.
been _______
dead for 4
The old man has ______
months.
out only for 5 minutes
• They have _____
been _____
Can you say these sentences in another way?
1. I borrowed the book two days ago.
I have kept the book for two days.
2. The meeting started ten minutes ago.
3. He joined the League two years ago.
4. My old friend died yesterday.
5. He left his hometown last year.
come borrow leave go join die become buy
begin
get to know
fall asleep… (非持续性动词）
• 注意： 3)
• 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状
语连用，如yesterday, last year, in
1976, two days ago, just now
一般
过去
式
（F）Tom has written a letter to his parents last
night.
（T）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
• 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙
述过去的事情，强调动作；
•
现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对
现在的影响，强调影响。
I saw this film yesterday.
I have seen this film.
• 2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间
状语连用;
•
现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连
用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last
week，…ago, in1990, in October, just
now, …-- 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far,
ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in
the past few years, recently, … --模糊的时
间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状
态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach,
learn, work, study, know.
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,
go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get
married等。
• She joined the League three years ago.
•
(加入的动作不是延续的)
•
She has been in the League for three years (since
three years ago).
•
(在团内的状态可延续)
•
She has been a League member for three years
(since three years ago).
•
(是团员的状态可持续)