Transcript PROCESSOR CHEMISTRY

PROCESSOR CHEMISTRY
PROCESSOR COMPARTMENTS
DRYING
WASHING
FIXING
DEVELOPMENT
AUTOMATIC PROCESSOR
AUTOMATIC PROCESSOR
DAYLIGHT SYSTEM
FEEDING FILM INTO THE
PROCESSOR
FEED TRAY
PROCESSOR
FUNCTIONS OF H2O IN
PROCESSOR
 WETTING AGENT--DEVELOPER
 SOLVENT—FIXER & DEVELOPER
SOLVENT
MEDIUM IN WHICH OTHER
CHEMICALS ARE DISSOLVED OR
SUSPENDED.
WETTING AGENT
 AGENT CAUSING THE GELATIN OF
THE FILM EMULSION TO SWELL AND
ALLOWS REACTION OF THE
DEVELOPER CHEMICALS WITH THE
FILM EMULSION COMPONENTS.
FUNCTION OF
DEVELOPER
CONVERSION OF THE IONIC
CHAINS OF SILVER INTO BLACK
METALLIC SILVER
Ag+1+ -e
Ag0
DEVELOPER:
LATENT IMAGE
MANIFEST IMAGE
DEVELOPER
DEVELOPER COMPONENTS
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REDUCING AGENT I
REDUCING AGENT II
BUFFERING AGENT
RESTRAINER
PRESERVATIVE
HARDENER
SOLVENT
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PHENIDONE
HYDROQUINONE
SODIUM CARBONATE
POTASSIUM BROMIDE
SODIUM SULFITE
GLUTERALDEHYDE
WATER
REDUCING AGENTS
SUPPLY ELECTRONS FOR
REDUCTION OF IONIC SILVER
INTO METALLIC FORM.
PHENIDONE –ACTS QUICKLY,
PRODUCES GRAY TONES IN THE
IMAGE.
HYDROQUINONE– ACTS SLOWLY,
PRODUCES BLACK TONES IN THE
IMAGE
HYDROQUINONE + PHENIDONE
SYNERGISTIC REACTION ( WORK
TOGETHER TO PRODUCE THE
MANIFEST IMAGE.
REDUCTION ACTION
--
REDUCING ACTION
HYDROQUINONE
PHENIDONE
BUFFERING AGENT
PRODUCES ALKALINE
( BASIC) pH + SWELLS
EMULSION
PH
ACIDIC
1
2
3
4
ALKALINE
5
6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
DEVELOPER pH
ALKALINE !!!!
RESTRAINER
ANTIFOGGING AGENT +
MAINTAINS PROPER ACTIVITY
OF THE REDUCING AGENTS
PRESERVATIVE
CONTROLS OXIDATION
SUL-FITE --- FIGHTS OXIDATION.
Maintains balance of developer
components.
HARDENER
REDUCES EMULSION SWELLING+
HARDENS EMULSION+ PROVIDES
ARCHIVAL QUALITY
SOLVENT
DISSOLVES CHEMICALS
WETTING AGENT
ALLOWS PENETRATION OF THE
FILM EMULSION BY DEVELOPER
CHEMICALS
WETTING AGENT
WATER
FIXER CHEMICALS
 FIXING AGENT
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ACTIVATOR
HARDENER
PRESERVATIVE
BUFFER
SOLVENT
 AMMONIUM
THIOSULFATE
 ACETIC ACID
 POTASSIUM ALUM
 SODIUM SULFITE
 ACETATE
 WATER
FIXING AGENT ( CLEARING)
REMOVES UNDEVELOPED AgBr
FROM EMULSION.
HYPORETENTION
 RETENTION OF THE FIXING AGENT IN
THE EMULSION. IT PRODUCES
BROWN DISCOLORATION ON THE
FILM. IT CAUSES POOR ARCHIVAL
QUALITY OF THE FILM.
HYPORETENTION
ACTIVATOR
STOPS THE DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS BY PRODUCING
ACIDIC Ph. IT NEUTRALIZES
RESIDUAL DEVELOPER.
ACTIVATOR
DEVELOPER
FIXER
FIXER pH
ACIDIC
HARDENER
HARDENS EMULSION FOR EASY
TRANSPORT OF THE FILM
THROUGH THE PROCESSOR.
ENSURES RAPID DRYING.
INADEQUATE HARDENING
PRESERVATIVE
CHEMICAL BALANCE
BUFFER
MAINTAINS ACIDIC pH
DEVELOPER vs FIXER
pH?
DEVELOPER
FIXER
SOLVENT
WATER
WASHING
H 20
DRYING