Transcript Chapter 5 Section 2 Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Chapter 5 Section 2
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Mr. Bellisario
Woodridge High School
First Period World History
August 29 & 30, 2013
Prior to the Enlightenment, no one questioned…
Divine right rule
Class systems
Belief in going
to heaven b/c of
earthly suffering
Enlightenment Effect on Arts
(Courtly Art)
Baroque
• A grand and complex artistic
style, during Louis XIV’s
rule, early 1700’s
– Huge colorful paintings
– Glorified battles & Roman
Catholic saints
Enlightenment Effect on Arts
(Courtly Art)
Rococo
• More personal art
• Elegant, charming & delicate
Enlightenment Effect on Arts
(Middle class audience – merchants &
town officials)
• Wanted self-portraits
without frills, family life
in town or country
setting
• Rembrandt
– Dutch artist
– Gave dignity to middleclass subjects
Trends in music
• Operas & ballets
– Plays put to music
– Orderly & structured
• Opera houses opened
• Johann Bach
– Complex & beautiful
– Religious works for organ & choir
• George Handel – most famous for the “Messiah”
• Mozart
Novels (wrote about the common folk)
• Daniel Defoe –
(Robinson Crusoe) –
adventures of
shipwrecked sailor
• Samuel Richardson –
(Pamela) – story about
servant girl
Salons
• Social gatherings where
artists & thinkers
exchange ideas.
• Began by women,
poetry readings.
Lives of the majority were unaffected
by the Enlightenment, especially
peasants who lived in small villages
• Some peasants worked on
patches of land
• Tenant farmers paid yearly
rents, showed little or no
profit
• Day laborers hired themselves
out to work other’s farms
• In France peasants had to
provide free labor, building
roads & bridges
• In England peasants had to
allow lords to fox hunt on their
land, fields ripped up, crops
destroyed
Censorship
• Restricting people from
hearing or reading about
new ideas or new
information
• Old order was supposedly
set up by God – Roman
Catholic church leaders &
government felt they had
to protect people from
new ideas
– Banned books
– Put writers in prison
Enlightened Despots
• Rulers who accepted Enlightened ideas &
brought about reforms to their nations
• However, they never attempted to give-up
their power.
Enlightenment Despots
Catherine the Great (Russia)
• Exchanged letters with
Diderot & Voltaire
• Limited reform
– Spoke out against
serfdom (farmers who
worked for nobles & had
no rights)
Enlightenment Despots
Fredrick the Great
• Listened to & reads Voltaire
who built Prussian Academy
of Science
• Had agricultural reforms
– Drained swamps
– New crops like potatoes
– Gave seed & tools to peasants
who suffered in Prussian wars
• Tolerated religious
differences, said “everyone
can go to heaven in his own
fashion”
• Reorganized civil service,
simplified laws
Enlightenment Despots
Joseph II
• Most radical
• Traveled in disguise among
subjects to learn of their
problems, called “Peasant
Emperor”
• Gave religious toleration to
Protestants & Jews in
Catholic Austria
• Sold monasteries &
convents, used proceeds to
build hospitals
• Abolished serfdom
• Ended censorship