Transcript Introduction

Jan Smolders (史默德）
Independent Consultant Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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• From the Netherlands
• Chemistry (Bsc) and Biology / Environment (MSc)
• Has 30 years experience
• Since end of 2005 living and working in China (江门)
• In China worked for ERM, Aecom, now free lancer
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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• Toxicological research (Chlorinated solvents) Amsterdam
University
• Researcher and Manager Env Analytical Laboratory; GC/MS
• Soil & Groundwater investigation & remediation
• Environmental capacity building
• Waste management
• Climate change; Renewable energy, sustainability
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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• Since ~1980
• Target & Intervention values & volume criteria ->
Remediation necessity
• Intervention values are human and ecology risk based
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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Remediation Practices / Approaches Soil
• Excavation + soil washing
• Excavation and biopiling
• Encapsulation / Living layer
• Steam injection
• Bio-attenuation
• Thermal treatment
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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Remediation Practices / Approaches Groundwater
• Pump & Treat
• Air Sparging / Soil Vapor Extraction
• In situ treatment with chemicals; ISCO/ISCR (permanganate,
O3, Fenton’s, etc)
• Thermal
• Bio-attenuation
• Monitored Natural Attenuation
• Combinations
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
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Remediation in China 2013 / 2014
• Many contaminated sites
• Many plans for clean up
• Many remediation proposals submitted
• Many projects on hold
• Some remediation works done: result
not satisfying or was not (cost-) effective
What could have been done better
(based on Western experience)?
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Two essential steps to pay attention to
1) Completion of Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
2) Remediation feasibility study
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Conceptual Site Model
“Presentation of an environmental system
and the biological, physical and chemical
processes that determine the transport
and fate of contaminants through
environmental media to environmental
receptors and their most likely exposure
modes.”
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Conceptual Site Model
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Conceptual Site Model
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Conceptual Site Model
Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation
Conceptual Site Model
Why?
•Decision making
•Information
•Data gaps
Conceptual Site Model (EPA)
• General site info (also history)
• Site characteristics (details in next sheet)
• Sources (historical and ongoing, on and off site)
• Contaminants [soil, groundwater, free phase
(DNAPL, LNAPL), breakdown products)
• Receptors, exposure pathways (human /
ecological; direct / indirect)]
• Surroundings (receptors, sources,
contaminants)
• Future use (site and surroundings)
Site characteristics
• Hydrogeology
• Soil characteristics (clay, sand, silt etc)
• Water content, particle size distribution
• Anthropogenic factors (construction waste, waste,
ashes, asbestos, chemicals, odor, USTs , dumped barrels,
sand piles, underground infrastructure etc)
•Groundwater table, flow direction, aquifer parameters,
water bearing layers, non-permeable layers,
infiltration or seeping
•Surface waters (on and off site; surface water level vs
groundwater table; connected or not?
Contaminants
We need to know much more than:
“36 soil samples were taken and analyzed and Lead,
Copper and Nickel were elevated with high averages,
so remediation is necessary”
And then:
Site is 200 x 30 m, boreholes were 3 m deep -> 18,000 m3
= 36,000 tonnes soil to clean up
We need to know:
Sample location, depth of samples, soil geology,
relation with anthropogenic matters, groundwater conc.,
distribution, DNAPL/LNAPL, bio-attenuation,
Necessary parts to draw the Conceptual Site Model:
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Site lay out with sampling and analysis data
Borehole logs
Cross sections with contaminant profiles,
geology, sources, etc
Analysis results
Remediation Feasibility study
Currently: Not clear which decision making
process for remedial strategy
Remediation Feasibility study
Is about:
• Technical
• Practical / Logistical
• Legal
• Financial
• Social
• Sustainability
• Health and Safety
Technical
Many potential technologies
Some remarks:
Stabilization / Immobilization
Phyto remediation
Soil washing
No one solution fits all sites
CSM and Remediation Feasibility Study
Why not yet embedded in Chinese practice?
• No experience
• No tradition
• No demand
• No incentive
• No budgets
Message of this presentation
I hope that it becomes routine soon in China
for contaminated sites that there will be carried
out the complete required investigation for CSM
Preparation.
And that with the CSM a factual decision can be made,
whether or not remediation is necessary for a site.
If so, that based on a complete and objective feasibility
study, the most efficient and cost-effective remedial
approach can be selected and site clean up made
successful.
Because, only then, the huge Chinese remediation
operation will be feasible and more cost effective.
And I hope I can help with that.
Jan Smolders
[email protected]
Wechat: 13826224880
Thank you!!
Any Questions??
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Jan Smolders, Client Advisor Soil & Groundwater Remediation