Transcript Ch.1. Introduction

Ch.3.

Potential health effects from ingestion of
water
 Organic chemicals (not listed all)
○ Acrylamid: Potential health effects from
ingestion of water. Added to water during
sewage/wastewater treatment
○ Atrazine: Cardiovascular system or
reproductive problems. Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops.
From
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec
_Id=PC35042
From http://borgfoodchain.blogspot.com/2010/09/atrazine-under-attack-in-us.html
○ Benzene: Anemia; decrease in blood platelets;
increased risk of cancer. Discharge from
factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and
landfills.
From http://bbruner.org/obc/phenyl.htm
Dead fish can be seen in the Songhua River as the State
Environment Protection Administration confirmed Wednesday
that pollutants containing benzene and nitrobenzene
contaminated the river after a chemical-plant blast at the
upper reaches in Northeast China
2005-11-24 05:40
From http://borgfoodchain.blogspot.com/2010/09/atrazine-under-attack-in-us.html
○ Carbofuran: Problems with blood, nervous
system, or reproductive system. Leaching of
soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.
Insecticide.
From
http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Bulletin/Volume27/
Polednikova_et_al_2010.html
From http://www.karbofuran.cz/fakta.php?5
foto: ČSO archive / Václav Křivan
Poisoned eagle in typical posture after carbofuran poisoning.
No typical symptoms can be observed in poisoned animals except for birds, where a typical posture with wings and head hanging
down and talons clenched in a spasm can be observed. The poisoned animals usually perish suddenly and in a good physical
condition. The actual symptoms are not determined until dissection; however, these are not specific, either. They include
congestion of almost all internal organs and the presence of food remains in the stomach, in case of birds frequently in the craw,
too. The only reliable method to confirm the poisoning is the chemical test. They are performed by several specialized state
veterinary institutes on the basis of samples (usually contents of the stomach, craw, liver) taken from the body of the perished
animal.
○ Dichloromethane: Liver problems; increased
risk of cancer. Discharge from drug and
chemical factories.
From
http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/molecul
e_gallery/01_alkanes/00_alkanes.htm
Population Exposed to Dichloromethane in
Outdoor Air – Summary 2006
From
http://www.carexcanada.ca/en/dichloromethane/environmental_exposure_estimates/
outdoor_air/phase_1/map/
○ Ethylene dibromide: Problems with liver,
stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys;
increased risk of cancer. Discharge from
petroleum refineries
From
http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/ethylene%2
0dibromide.html
Purple Squirrel Found in Pennsylvania: Due to
bromide? Or Simply because of purple ink or
paint?
From http://www.datelinezero.com/2012/02/10/purple-squirrel-found-in-pennsylvania/
○ Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Skin changes;
thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies;
reproductive or nervous system difficulties;
increased risk of cancer. Runoff from landfills;
discharge of waste chemicals.
From
http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/pops_inc
/proceedings/bangkok/fiedler1.html
The Japanese scientist Hideshige Takada leads a
study into global patterns of oceanic chemical
pollution. But he uses a highly remarkable way of
samping the water. Takada uses the industrial
plastic granules (pellets) that litter our oceans
worldwide. These granules act as a sponge that
bind all sorts of chemical pollutants like PCB's,
remains of DDT etc., from the seawater to their
surface.
From http://www.imares.wur.nl/UK/research/dossiers/plastic/plasticgranules/ /
○ Toluene: Nervous system, kidney, or liver problems.
Discharge from petroleum factories.
The top ten chemicals released into the
environment in 2010 were:
From
http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstruc
tures/ig/Chemical-Structures--T/Toluene.htm
1. HYDROCHLORIC ACID
2. SULFURIC ACID
3. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
4. AMMONIA
5. BARIUM COMPOUNDS
6. ZINC COMPOUNDS
7. TOLUENE
8. COPPER COMPOUNDS
9. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS
10. STYRENE
From http://thegoodhuman.com/2012/01/06/toxic-chemical-releases-up-16-over-previous-year/
○ Vinyl chloride (Chloroethene): Increased risk of
cancer. Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from
plastic factories.
From
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_chloride
On April 23, 2004, five workers were fatally
injured and two others were seriously injured
when an explosion occurred in a polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) production unit at Formosa
Plastics in Illiopolis, Illinois, east of Springfield.
The explosion followed a release of highly
flammable vinyl chloride, which ignited. The
explosion forced a community evacuation and
lighted fires that burned for several days at the
plant.
From http://www.csb.gov/investigations/detail.aspx?SID=22
○ Xylenes (total): Nervous system damage.
Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from
chemical factories.
From http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Xylene
From http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news_msg.php?titleid=347
Prompted by the expressed concern made by the local residents, scholars and experts, Xiamen Deputy Mayor Ding Yan announced to a press
conference this morning that the 10.8 billion yuan Para-Xylene (PX) chemical projects will be postponed.
It is estimated that the petrol chemical plant will generate 800 billion yuan in industrial output value in the first year of operation. But, the costs of
environment impact for Xiamen, a model city of China for its excellence in environment management is hard to estimate.
Xiamen may be a China Environment Model City under threat. Can the pollution potential risk be managed? This is a billion dollars question
and all the residents' health in Xiamen this generation and the generation to come.
Ch.3.

Potential health effects from ingestion of
water
 Organic chemicals (not listed all)
○ Acrylamid: Potential health effects from
ingestion of water. Added to water during
sewage/wastewater treatment