Transcript DEVIANCE - Mr. Hollister

DEVIANCE
BEHAVIORS THAT VIOLATE
SIGNIFICANT NORMS
Wayne Williams
• Killed 20 black
children in Atlanta,
Georgia between
1979-1981.
• He is one of the
few known African
American serial
killer
Deviant
1. Detected committing a
deviant act.
2. Must be stigmatized by
society
3. What’s a stigma?
4. Stigma = a mark of
social disgrace
5. Public humiliation =
social control (or does
it?)
Dr. Harold Shipman
• Family doctor killed at
least 154 patients
• The father of four
clinically executed his
victims not for money
but for the "buzz" of
being present at the
time of death.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF
DEVIANCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
UNIFIES GROUP – us vs.
them
CLARIFIES NORMS – “I
won’t/ wouldn’t do that”
DIFFUSES TENSION – Sit-ins
and protests
IDENTIFY PROBLEMS –
“We should change the law.”
PROVIDES JOBS –Police,
guards, social workers
The Zodiac Killer
• First victim October 30, 1966
• Sent letters to newspapers, “I like killing people because it
is so much fun”– he was collecting “slaves that would serve
him in the afterlife”
• Of the 40 victims, 39 were female and were killed by
different means
• No culprit was caught
• Still a mystery as to who committed the crimes
Why do people break norms,
rules and laws?
Why are there criminals?
Are there any explanations?
FIVE EXPLANATIONS FOR
DEVIANCE
(Which one do you think is correct?)
CULTURALTRANSMISSION THEORY
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Deviance is a learned
behavior due to
differential association
Differential association
= the more one
associates with one type,
the more they will be
like them.
Conform to the norm
Herbert Mullen
• Brutally slaughtered
13 people
• Started in 1972 and
killed to save
California from a
cataclysmic
earthquake
• Was a paranoid
schizophrenic
STRUCTURAL STRAIN
THEORY
• If the goals of society are unattainable then one
may become deviant.
• Conformity = accept both the goals and means
• Innovation = accept goals but reject the means
• Ritualism = reject goals but accept the means
• Retreatism = reject both the goals and the means
• Rebel = reject and replace the goals and the means
Joseph Ball
• WWI veteran who
killed his girlfriends
and fed them to his pet
alligators
CONTROL THEORY
• Deviance is natural if
one has weak ties to
the community.
• Those who are
integrated will
conform because they
have more to lose.
Donald “Pee Wee” Gaskins
• Serving 9 life
sentences for
torturing, raping and
killing
• He kept torturing his
victims for hours so he
could hear them
screaming
CONFLICT THEORY
• Competition and social
inequality lead to deviance
• Life is a struggle between those
who HAVE and those who
HAVE NOT
• Those in power commit deviant
acts to maintain power
• Those without power want
rewards or feel powerless
Paul Bernardo and Karla
Homolka
• The “Ken and
Barbie” of
murders
• Committed the
murder of Karla’s
sister in the name
of “LOVE”
LABELING THEORY
• People are what they are
labeled as
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• When people are given
labels that create a
negative stigma they
become deviants.
CRIME
• Any act labeled a
crime by those in
authority
• Prohibited by law
• Is punishable by the
government
CRIME STATISTICS
1. Not all complaints are filed as formal,
officer’s discretion
2. If family or friends are involved it isn’t
reported
3. Higher social classes are more likely to
have formal reports filed by police
4. The attitude of complainants is important
5. Sex crimes are often unreported
The lonely heart killers
• Raymond Hernandez
Fernandez with the help of
his obese girlfriend Martha
Beck raped and mutilated
17 women
• “I have a way with
women, a power over
them,” he said. That
power, he claimed,
was achieved by the
practice of voodoo.
TYPES OF CRIMES
1. Violent Crimes – murder – rape –
robbery – assault
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Major victim is black male
64% of murders involve guns
17% of murders involve knives
Every 29 seconds, aggravated assault
occurs
Every 46 seconds a robbery occurs
Every 5 minutes a rape occurs
Every 21 minutes someone is
murdered
The Birnies– Australia’s
house of horrors
• Catharine and David Birnie tortured and killed
young female victims.
• Their victim’s ages ranged from 15 to 31.
Whenever the Birnies felt like killing someone
they would pick up hitchhikers or other young
women in need of a lift.
• At knifepoint they were taken and tied up and
abused. Then they were murdered. The lucky
ones were put to sleep with an overdose of
sleeping pills and then strangled. The less
fortunate victims were either stabbed or
bludgeoned to death with a knife or an axe.
2. Crime Against Property = burglary – larceny –
motor vehicle theft – arson – steal or damage.
•
Often drugs are involved
3. Victimless Crime = Vice = prostitution –
gambling – illegal drug use – vagrancy
ONLY HARM THE PERSON WHO ACTS
BUT THERE ARE CONSEQUENCES FOR
ALL. (Or do they?)
Mary Bell
• In 1968, Brian Howe
was found strangled –
he had puncture
wounds in his thighs
and other marks
• Mary was 11 years old
and was put into a
“facility” until she was
23 years old
4. White Collar Crime = a crime committed
by an individual of high social class in the
course of their profession.
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Misrepresentation
Fraud
Tax evasion
Embezzlement
Price fixing
Toxic pollution
Stock manipulation
Political corruption
Beverly Allitt
• Nurse who never picked up
crying babies or reacted when
sick babies died
• Scottish nurse who maimed and
killed MANY babies before being
caught red-handed
• Volunteered to take care of sick
children and would suffocate
them during the night and made it
look like respiratory failure
5.
Organized Crime = crime
syndicate, a large scale
organization of professional
criminals that control some
vice or business through
violence or the threat of
violence
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Loan sharking
Drug trafficking
Gambling
Unfair labor practices
Hijacking of merchandise
Tax evasion
THE
CRIMINAL
JUSTICE
SYSTEM
1. THE POLICE
• Discretionary power
• Decide who to arrest
because there are too
many crimes
• Seriousness
• Wishes of victims
• Attitude of victim
witnesses
• Arrest more blacks
2. COURTS
• Determines the guilt or
innocence of the accused
person by means of trial
• Court assigns punishment
3. PLEA BARGAINING
• Most cases settle thus
• Plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a
lighter sentence
• Reduces court cases and costs
4. CORRECTIONS: Sanctions
used to punish criminals. What
is the purpose of the justice
system?
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Retribution = revenge
Deterrence = discourage law breaking
Rehabilitation = reform
Social protection
Recidivism = repeated criminal behavior
5. JUVENILE JUSTICE
• Third largest category of criminals in the
United States consists of juvenile offenders
• Under 18 years of age
• Same legal rights and privileges as adults
• Try to reform
• In some areas juveniles can be tried as
adults