Transcript Chapter Three: Supporting Details

ADVANCING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© 2010 Townsend Press
Unit Three: Chapter 13
• advocate
• impede
• antipathy
• inclusive
• emancipate
• jurisdiction
• idiosyncrasy
• precarious
• imminent
• preposterous
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 advocate
– verb
• One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus
because he advocates violence as a means of social reform.
• Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful;
instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits
and vegetables.
Advocate means
A. to oppose.
B. to promote.
C. to understand.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 advocate
– verb
• One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus
because he advocates violence as a means of social reform.
• Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful;
instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits
and vegetables.
Advocate means
A. to oppose.
B. to promote.
C. to understand.
The school would refuse to let the author speak because he promotes
violence. Gardeners who consider chemicals and pesticides harmful
would promote “organic” methods.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 antipathy
– noun
• Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they
found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he
couldn’t see the chalkboard.
• I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few
months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him.
Antipathy means
A. a strong dislike.
B. a lack of concern.
C. an preference.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 antipathy
– noun
• Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they
found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he
couldn’t see the chalkboard.
• I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few
months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him.
Antipathy means
A. a strong dislike.
B. a lack of concern.
C. an preference.
In the first item, the word hated tells you that antipathy means “a
strong dislike.” In the second item, the sister’s planned marriage to
Frank is contrasted with her recent strong dislike for him.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 emancipate
– verb
• The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum
cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would
emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework.
• When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II,
they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who
had been used as slave laborers in German industries.
Emancipate means
A. to encourage.
B. to administer justice.
C. to free.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 emancipate
– verb
• The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum
cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would
emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework.
• When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II,
they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who
had been used as slave laborers in German industries.
Emancipate means
A. to encourage.
B. to administer justice.
C. to free.
Such an amazing machine would free people from hours of
backbreaking work—or so the salesman says. In the second item, the
slave laborers were freed by the Allies when they entered Germany.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 idiosyncrasy
– noun
• My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be
offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how
odd it seems to others.
• For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy
of dressing only in black.
Idiosyncrasy means
A. a personal habit.
B. a dangerous habit.
C. a selfish habit.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 idiosyncrasy
– noun
• My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be
offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how
odd it seems to others.
• For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy
of dressing only in black.
Idiosyncrasy means
A. a personal habit.
B. a dangerous habit.
C. a selfish habit.
Asking very personal questions is merely an odd personal habit of the
uncle. Cara has the unusual personal habit of dressing only in black.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 imminent
– adjective
• We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed
imminent.
• As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people
began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby
when he died.
Imminent means
A. over.
B. delayed.
C. likely to occur soon.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 imminent
– adjective
• We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed
imminent.
• As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people
began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby
when he died.
Imminent means
A. over.
B. delayed.
C. likely to occur soon.
They would canceled the picnic if a thunderstorm was likely to occur
soon. Since the people wanted to be nearby when the king died, they
would gather when it seemed his death was likely to occur soon.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 impede
– verb
• Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food
to the refugees.
• The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to
step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of
cement.
Impede means
A. to oppress.
B. to slow down.
C. to include.
Traffic impeded by a herd of cows
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 impede
– verb
• Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food
to the refugees.
• The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to
step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of
cement.
Impede means
A. to oppress.
B. to slow down.
C. to include.
Traffic impeded by a herd of cows
Muddy roads would slow down the
progress of the trucks. Stepping around
the building materials would slow the
shoppers down.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inclusive
– adjective
• The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our
airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours.
• The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it
printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings.
Inclusive means
A. complete.
B. lacking something.
C. about to start.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inclusive
– adjective
• The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our
airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours.
• The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it
printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings.
Inclusive means
A. complete.
B. lacking something.
C. about to start.
Since the cost of the package included all the things listed, it
was complete. Since the newspaper printed a word-for-word
transcript of the proceedings, its coverage was complete.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 jurisdiction
– noun
• Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from
London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other
side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction.
• The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on
American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their
own governments.
Jurisdiction means
A. advice.
B. beliefs.
C. control.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 jurisdiction
– noun
• Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from
London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other
side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction.
• The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on
American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their
own governments.
Jurisdiction means
A. advice.
B. beliefs.
C. control.
Since the Globe was successfully built across the river from
London, that area must have been beyond the control of the
officials. Since the embassies are under the authority of their
own governments, the United States has no control over them.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 precarious
– adjective
• The icy roads made travel precarious.
• The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the
residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail,
causing a fire.
Precarious means
A. unsafe.
B. illegal.
C. unusual.
A climber in a
precarious situation
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 precarious
– adjective
• The icy roads made travel precarious.
• The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the
residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail,
causing a fire.
Precarious means
A. unsafe.
B. illegal.
C. unusual.
A climber in a
precarious situation
Icy roads would make travel unsafe.
Since the wiring could cause a fire at
any moment, it puts the residents in
an unsafe position.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 preposterous
– adjective
• Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick
schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica.
• The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some
preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in
England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear.
Preposterous means
A. risky.
B. exciting.
C. ridiculous.
Preposterously dressed jugglers
Photo: David Shankbone
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 preposterous
– adjective
• Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick
schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica.
• The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some
preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in
England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear.
Preposterous means
A. risky.
B. exciting.
C. ridiculous.
Opening a doughnut shop in Antarctica
sounds like a ridiculous get-rich-quick
scheme. “X-ray-proof” underwear is a
ridiculous idea.
Preposterously dressed jugglers
Photo: David Shankbone
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
1. For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would
be a(n) _______ occupation.
2. Nutritionists today __________ a diet low in fats and
high in fiber.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
1. For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would
be a __________
precarious occupation.
Beekeeping would be dangerous for someone allergic to insect bites.
2. Nutritionists today __________
advocate a diet low in fats and
high in fiber.
Nutritionists support such a diet.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
3. The caterer’s services were really __________: food, wine,
flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of
ceremonies.
4. When the jury’s verdict was _________, the lawyers, reporters,
and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom.
5. I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s
wedding on time, but I was ________(e)d by a traffic jam.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
3. The caterer’s services were really __________:
inclusive food, wine,
flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of
ceremonies.
The list makes it clear that the caterer’s services included everything.
4. When the jury’s verdict was _________,
imminent the lawyers, reporters,
and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom.
Since everyone immediately returned to the courtroom, the verdict
must have been about to be delivered (about to happen).
5. I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s
wedding on time, but I was __________
impeded by a traffic jam.
In spite of the vow to get to the wedding on time, a traffic jam
delayed the person.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
6. One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________
women from job and wage discrimination.
7. Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines,
the federal government had __________ in the case.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
6. One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________
emancipate
women from job and wage discrimination.
Women’s groups would want to free women from job and wage
discrimination.
7. Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines,
the federal government had __________
jurisdiction in the case.
Because more than one state was involved, the federal government
had authority in the case.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
8. Burt has a(n) _______ for everything that isn’t “100 percent
American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a
dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance.
9. When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk,
everyone laughed at his __________ idea—until he showed
us the frog.
10. Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house.
Ralph thought this was just a(n) ________ of hers, but he
later learned that it’s a Japanese custom.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. advocate B. antipathy
C. emancipate
D. idiosyncrasy E. imminent
F. impede
H. jurisdiction
I. precarious
G. inclusive
J. preposterous
8. Burt has an __________
antipathy for everything that isn’t “100 percent
American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a
dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance.
The word dislike tells you that antipathy is the missing word.
9. When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk,
everyone laughed at his ___________
preposterous idea—until he showed
us the frog.
The idea of a frog in the little boy’s glass of milk sounds absurd.
10. Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house.
Ralph thought this was just an ___________
idiosyncrasy of hers, but he
later learned that it’s a Japanese custom.
Since Ralph didn’t know it was a custom, he would think it was a quirk.