Transcript HGIA Chapter 9

Take Me Out to the Ball Game:
Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy
Chapter 9
Urban Functions
Figure 9.2 (p. 250)
Central Place Terminology
Central Place Functions
Threshold
Range
Urban Hierarchy
Number of Business Types by Population
Colorado Cities, 1899
Figure 9.4 (p. 252)
Farmers' shopping preference
Southwest Iowa, 1934
Food
Lawyers
Hospitals
Figure 9.3 (p. 251)
Central Place Theory
• Geographic assumptions
- featureless landscape
- uniform population distribution
- infinite plane
• Behavioral assumptions
- consumers shop at the closest place possible
- consumers do not go beyond the range of the good
- firms’ market areas equal or exceed threshold of good
• Hexagonal market areas
- nonoverlapping circles leave areas unserved
- higher-order central places also
offer lower-order functions
Nested hexagon market areas
predicted by central place theory
Figure 9.5 (p. 253)
Figure 9.1 (p. 249)
Name That Key Term
A city or town that provides goods and
services to the surrounding population.
Central Place
A good or service that a
central place provides.
Central Place Function
A geographic model of the sizes
and location patterns of settlements
that serve as central locations for
selling goods and services to
hexagonal-shaped market areas.
Central Place Theory
The area in which residents favor a
given central place over its competitors
when shopping for a good or service.
Market Area
The relative ranking of a central place
function based on how specialized it is.
Order
The maximum distance people are willing
to travel to obtain a central place function.
Range
The minimum market size needed to
support a central place function.
Threshold
A system of cities consisting of various
levels, with few cities at the top level and
more and more settlements on each
lower level. The position of a city within
this system is determined by the types of
central place functions it provides.
Urban Hierarchy
Take Me Out to the Ball Game:
Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy
Case Study
Chapter 9
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
• Differentiate between low- and high-order
goods and services.
• Construct and interpret a scatter diagram
using a logarithmic scale.
• Estimate the minimum market size necessary
to support a central place function.
• Relate high- and low-order goods and services
to a city’s position in the urban hierarchy.
• Use a geographic information system (GIS)
to modify market areas.
Activity 1: Threshold of a Function
Figure 9.13 (p. 261)
(p. 264)
Example of a line of best fit through a scatter of points
Figure 9.14 (p. 265)
Background on Professional Baseball
• Origins
• Early professional baseball
• Race and ethnic relations in baseball
• Population shifts and team relocations
• Expansion in 1961
• Free agency
• Further expansion
• Unfair competition issue
• Baseball is Central Place Theory in Action!
Figures 9.6 & 9.8 (pp. 255-256)
Major League Baseball Teams, 1903
Figure 9.7 (p. 256)
Major League Baseball Teams, 1960
Figure 9.9 (p. 257)
Major League Baseball Teams, 2005
Figure 9.10 (p. 258)
Major League Baseball's Widening Payroll Gap
Figure 9.11 (p. 259)
Activity 2: Market Area Geography
Step-by-step
instructions for
drawing market
areas based on the
closest team
Figure 9.15 (p. 268)
The distribution of minor-league baseball
teams in Oregon and surrounding areas
Figure 9.16 (p. 269)
Online Activity
Take Me Out to the Ball Game:
Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy
Case Study
Answer Key
Chapter 9
City Populations and Pizza Restaurants: Arizona
CITY
PHOENIX
TUCSON
YUMA
FLAGSTAFF
PRESCOTT
NOGALES
GLOBE-MIAMI-SUPERIOR
PAYSON
WINSLOW
SHOWLOW-PINETOP-LAKESIDE
TUBA CITY
HOLBROOK
WICKENBURG
SPRINGERVILLE
GILA BEND
POPULATION
No. of pizza parlors Persons/Parlor
2,034,866
466
4366.67
444,276
147
3022.29
54,923
15
3661.53
45,857
21
2183.67
26,455
10
2645.50
19,489
9
2165.44
11,548
8
1443.50
8,377
4
2094.25
8,190
3
2730.00
7,441
7
1063.00
7,323
1
7323.00
4,682
3
1560.67
4,515
4
1128.75
1,802
1
1802.00
1,747
2
873.50
2,681,491
701
Average Column D
3825.24
2537.58
Table 9.11 (p. 202)
Arizona
(p. 264)
Population
Number of Pizza Parlors
Town
739
1
San Luis
1206
2
Fowler
4286
1
Rocky Ford
5409
7
Gunnison
6784
3
Rifle
7568
1
La Junta
7960
9
Alamosa
9078
2
Trinidad
12344
5
Montrose
13922
13
Durango
41986
26
Grand Jct.
71093
16
Longmont
76930
16
Greeley
94673
37
Boulder
102121
26
Pueblo
360890
107
CO Springs
554636
178
Denver
City Populations
and Pizza
Restaurants:
Colorado
Table 9.11 (p. 202)
Colorado
(p. 264)
The distribution of minor-league baseball
teams in Oregon and surrounding areas
Figure 9.16 (p. 269)