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Unit 4
Language Structures
Dialogue I
Dialogue II
Reading I
Reading II
Guided Writing
Interaction Activities
Listening Practice
Unit 4
LSP
LS
3
1
4
2
Unit 4
LS
LSP
See the following sentences and find out the
grammar rules they use:
 Was she able to/ Could she sing so well a year ago?
 Do you have to live on the campus?
 Can / May I be excused from the lecture this week?
 You had better (You’d better) consult an encyclopedia?
Follow up activity
Unit 4
Modal auxiliaries (情态动词)
1. can / could and be able to used to
express ‘ability’
2. have to expressing ‘obligation’
3. can /may used to express ‘permission’
or ‘request for permission’
4. had better expressing ‘advice’ or
‘suggestion’
LSP
Unit 4
LS
LSP
Follow up activity
 1. Who can type fast and correctly / speak English fluently / play the
piano in your class?
 2. Do you know if Xiao Hua can sing English folk songs / paint a
picture in oils / play chess / do sculptures?
 3. Was he / she able to // Could he / she sing beautifully / type fast /
speak English fluently three years ago?
 4. Do you // Does he / she have to take lessons in typing / shorthand /
business letter writing / journalism / a second foreign language or any
other elective course that an English major takes?
 5. You’d better learn typing / shorthand / business letter writing / a
second foreign language or any other useful skill before you graduate.
It’ll be useful to you.
Unit 4
LSP
LSP I Asking for and giving information about sb.’
ability to do sth. at present, in the past, or in
the future.
Practice following conversations:
1
1. A: Can June sing well? // Is June good at singing?
B: (Oh, yes. She can sing beautifully.)
A: Was she able to / Could she sing so well a year
ago?
B: (No, she wasn’t. / No, she couldn’t. / No, I don’t
think so.)
A: Will she be able to sing even better next year?
B: (I’m sure she will if she keeps on practising.)
Unit 4
Practice:
One asks about the other's hobbies,
using the sentence pattern
Can you/Are you able to...?
Inquiring whether
somebody is/was/will be obliged to do sth.
Unit 4
2
LSP
LSP II Listening to the dialogue and fill in the
gaps of the given examples:
Practice following conversations:
A: Do you have to live on the campus now?
B: (Yes, I do.)
A: Did you have to live on the campus last year / when you
were in the middle school?
B: (No, I didn’t have to then.)
A: Will you have to live on the campus next year / when you
are promoted to the second year?
B: (Oh, yes, I shall still have to live on the campus.)
Unit 4
Practice:
Why do you study English?
Please give reasons, use I have to...
LSP
Unit 4
LSP
LSP III Asking for permission to do sth, not
3 granting permission to do sth, expressing
obligation and prohibition.
Practice following conversations:
A: Can / May I be excused from the lecture this
week, please? // Do you mind if I miss the lecture this
week?
B: No, you can’t / may not. // No, I’m afraid not. / I
don’t think it’s possible. (You must come to the
lecture. You mustn’t be absent from the lecture.)
A: I can make it up next week, can’t I?"
B: (Well, you’ll have to come to the next lecture
anyway.) It doesn’t mean that you can miss this one.
Unit 4
Language points for LSP III:
1. excuse v. 免除[(+from)]; 准许...离去; 让...走开
E.g. 1) I asked the teacher if I could be excused from
(= allowed not to do) football practice as my knee
still hurt.
2) Please excuse me from (= allow me to miss) the
rest of the meeting --- I've just received a telephone
call which requires my immediate attention.
LSP
Unit 4
LSP
Language points for LSP III:
2. make up for sth : (phrasal verb ) 补足
to take the place of something lost or damaged or to
compensate for something bad with something good:
E.g. 1) No amount of money can make up for the death
of a child.
2) This year's good harvest will make up for last
year's bad one.
[+ ing]
E.g. He bought me dinner to make up for being so late
the day before.
Unit 4
Supposing you are in a hotel:
Ask as more questions as possible about the
services available.
Using Can I/ May I...?
LSP
Unit 4
4
LSP
LSP IV Giving advice and making suggestions.
Practice following conversations:
A: Could you tell me how a Xerox machine
works?
B: (I’m afraid I can’t tell you exactly how it
works.) You’d better consult an encyclopedia.
A: (Which encyclopedia can tell me that, do you
know?)
B: Oh, you’d better go to the Reference Room
and ask the librarian.
Unit 4
LSP
Language points for LSP IV:
1. xerox machine: photocopier, “Xerox” is a trade
mark. (施乐)静电复印机(商标名)
2. magic eye: name used for various electronic devices
which control or indicate sth. 【电】电子射线管;
调谐指示器,电眼“
3.E-mail: electronic mail
e-commerce: the business of buying and selling goods
and services on the Internet
e-book: a book that is published in electronic form, for
example on the Internet or on a disk, and not printed
on paper
Unit 4
LSP
Language points for LSP IV:
e-banking: when customers use the Internet to organize,
examine and make changes to their bank accounts
and investments, etc. electronically, or when banks
operate accounts and services in this way
e-business: the business of buying and selling goods
and services on the Internet, or a particular company
which does this
e-cash: money from a special bank account which is
used to buy goods and services over the Internet by
sending information from your computer
Unit 4
4. King Kublai Khan: 1215–1294, Mongol emperor,
founder of the Yuan dynasty of China. 忽必烈(元世
祖)
5. King Bruce: Robert Bruce (1274-1329) King of
Scotland.
LSP
Unit 4
LSP
6. the Cape of Good Hope: a cape in South Africa 好
望角
7. The Industrial Revolution : 18世纪末期英国发生
的工业革命，当时生产体系的广泛机械化导
致了制造业由家庭手工为主转为大型工厂生
产为主。
8. The atomic age: The current era as characterized
by the discovery, technological applications, and
sociopolitical consequences of nuclear energy.
原子时代指现今时代，特征是原子能的发现、
科技应用、以及导致的社会政治后果，开始
于1945年。
Unit 4
LSP
Try to give suggestions to
How to improve your English?
Using You had better...
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Consider and answering following questions:
 1. Are you good at taking dictation? How do you
get high marks in dictation?
 2. Are you sick of dictation? What are the
common problems in taking dictation?
 3. What will you do while coming across new
words and expressions in dictation?
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Listening to the recording and answer the questions on
specific details of this dialogue
 1. What is the most important point in taking
dictation?
 2. What are the steps in taking dictation?
 3. What is a good and effective way to take
dictation?
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Language appreciation

1. Oh, Gosh!

2. I am really sick of the whole business!

3. Come on, relax, this is not the end of the world.

4. It gets on my nerves!

5. What has that got to do with taking dictation?

6. I see what you mean.

7. I am on the way.

8. Don't tease me.

9. It doesn't make any sense
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find
out useful expressions of the text.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Language points
1. get on one’s nerves: worry or annoy 令人不安
e.g. That noise gets on my nerves.
2. end up: (phrasal verb) to finally be in a particular place or situation.
结束 E.g.
1) They're travelling across Europe by train and are planning to end
up in Moscow.
2) She'll end up penniless if she carries on spending like that.
[+ ing form of verb]
e.g. After working her way around the world, she ended up teaching
English as a foreign language.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Language points
3. make sense of: understand
E.g. Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
I can't make sense of terms of computer science.
I can't make any/much sense of it.
4. take advantage of: to use the good things in a situation
E.g. 1) I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm
here.
2) He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Language points
5. on one’s way to: being engaged in going or coming
E.g. He is on the way to success.
6. I focused my attention on individual words…
focus (sth) on/upon sb/sth: phrasal verb to give a lot of attention to
one particular person, subject or thing (使)集中于
e.g. 1) Tonight's programme focuses on the way that
homelessness affects the young.
2) He felt he needed to focus more on his career.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Language points
7. Every word counts…
count: verb, to have value or importance; to matter: 有重要意义,
有价值
E.g. 1) I've always believed that happiness counts more than
money.
2) My opinion doesn't count for anything around here (= no
one values my opinion).
3) In sport what really counts is not the winning but the
playing.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Role Play: How to Learn English
Liu and Wang are both first-year students in the
English Department. They are both hardworking, but
they have different ways of learning the language.
They are telling each other their own ways of language
learning. And Wang is trying to convince Liu that Liu’s
is not a good way. See Page 40.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Role card 1-You are Liu. You think that it is very important
to know English grammar rules. You try to memorize one
grammar rule each day so as to improve your English. You
try to look up every new word you come across in a
dictionary. This way you feel you can learn more new
words. Then you try to translate everything you read in
English into Chinese. You are confident that unless you do
this you cannot really understand what you read. You are
not for listening and speaking practice. You think it is a
waste of time. You like to read, but you cannot read fast.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Role card 2--- You are Wang. You think it is important to
know English grammar rules, but you do not think
memorizing the grammar rules will help you to improve
your English. You are for constant practice in listening,
speaking, reading and writing. So you spend a lot of time in
the language lab learning to listen and to speak. You read
extensively without bothering to look up every new word in
your reading. You are keeping a diary in English, and that
gives you a lot of practice in writing. Your friend Liu does
not learn English as you do.
Unit 4
Dialogue I
DI
Struggling with Taking Dictation
Homework 1: Retell the content of the dialogue
1. A doesn’t know how to take dictation and asks B
for advice.
2. B tells A the correct way of taking dictation:
--- understand the dictation passage at the first
reading
--- remember the idea in each sentence, then the
words will come easily
3. A thanks B and is going to try the new way next
time.
Unit 4
Dialogue II
D II
Advice and Suggestion
Expressions :
--- How to give advice
--- How to ask for advice
--- How to react to someone’s piece of bad news
Unit 4
Dialogue II
D II
Advice and Suggestion
Practice: Work in pairs, taking in turn to ask for and
give advice, using the following situations.
 You can’t sleep at night.
 Your bicycle has been stolen.
 You are putting on weight.
Unit 4
Dialogue II
D II
Advice and Suggestion
Language point:
1. interpreter: noun [C] someone whose job is to change what
someone else is saying into another language:
E.g. 1) She works as an interpreter in Russia.
2) Speaking through an interpreter, the president said
the terms of the ceasefire were completely unacceptable.
interpret (BETWEEN LANGUAGES): verb [I or T] to change
what someone is saying into another language.
E.g. We had to ask our guide to interpret for us.
Unit 4
Dialogue II
D II
Advice and Suggestion
Language point:
2. visa: noun [C] an official mark made in a passport which allows
you to enter or leave a particular country:
E.g. We traveled to Argentina on a tourist visa.
passport: noun [C] a small official document that you get from your
government, that proves who you are, and which you need in order
to leave your country and enter other countries
E.g. 1) All people entering the country will need a valid passport .
2) passport control (= the examining of travelers' passports)
3) a passport photo
Unit 4
Dialogue II
D II
Advice and Suggestion
Language point:
3. straight away: straight away/off
=immediately
E.g. 1) I knew straight away what you were thinking.
2) We don't need to go straight off - we can stay for
a little while.
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Listen to the recording, consider and answer following
questions
How important is energy to us?
In what ways does solar energy help us?
How can water energy be used?
What can the power of winds do?
How are coal and oil used?
Why are people trying to find new sources of energy?
Can you name some of the new sources of energy that have
been found?
 What do you think will be the most popular source of energy
in the future?







Unit 4
LSP
Unit 4
LSP
Unit 4
LSP
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Listen to an VOA report about energy, try to
get as many ideas as you can.
T
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Language points
1. convert: v. to (cause to) change to or into
another form, substance, or state, or from one
use or purpose at another
e.g. Coal can be converted to gas by burning.
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Language points
2. arise、rise、rouse、arouse、raise的区分：
arise（arose，arisen）
1 occur: e.g. Problems arose from the outset.
2 arise from“起源于”e.g. Accidents always arise from the
overspeed.
rise（rose，risen）
v.“上升”，（Vi）
n.“上升，上涨”
give rise to=lead to引起，
e.g. The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems.
rouse“唤醒”，e.g. I was roused by the sound of the alarm.
arouse“唤起”，如，arouse one’s interest / sympathy
raise 根本含义“使上升”，（1）“举起”raise one’s hand（2）
“提出”raise a question（3）“抚养，相当于bring up” raise
children（4）“筹集” raise funds
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Language points
3. promising: (adjective) Something which is promising shows
signs that it is going to be successful or enjoyable: 有希望的,
有前途的,大有可为的
1) They won the award for the most promising new band
of the year
2) "How's your new venture going?"
"It's looking quite promising.”
3) It's a great restaurant but it doesn't look at all
promising from the outside.
NOTE: The opposite is unpromising.
Unit 4
Reading I
RI
A Source of Energy
Analysis of the Text:
This text is a piece of expository writing. In this text,
classification and illustration (examples of energy) are
employed to explain the subject matter.
Para. 1: Without energy, there would be no life.
Para. 2 - 6: Most of the energy on the earth
comes from the sun.
Para. 7: Using different sources of energy
together is a way to create all of the power people
need.
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Read the passage, try to make out the main idea, and
answer the following questions

1. In what aspects does the sea help man?

2. How are we able to explore deeper under the
sea?
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Read the passage again, find out useful expressions
and explain them to your classmates
1. estimate: verb [T] to guess the cost, size, value, etc of
something
1) [+ that] They estimate that a hundred people were
killed in the accident.
2) The number of dead is estimated at a hundred.
estimated : adjective an estimated cost
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Read the passage again, find out useful expressions
and explain them to your classmates
2. explore: verb
1) LOOK AROUND [I,T] to go around a place where you have
never been in order to find out what is there 勘探, 探测; 探
险
E.g. The children love exploring.
The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.
2) THINK CAREFULLY [T] to think about something very
carefully before you make a decision about it 探索, 研究
E.g. We're exploring the possibility of buying a holiday
home.
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Read the passage again, find out useful expressions
and explain them to your classmates
3. mineral: noun [C]
a chemical substance that has formed naturally in
foods, in water, or in the ground, or any substance that
is obtained from the earth by mining
1) Minerals and timber are the state's main natural
resources.
2) Mineral water is natural water containing
dissolved minerals.
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Read the passage again, find out useful expressions
and explain them to your classmates
4. fish farm: noun [C] an enclosed area of water used for
breeding and growing fish养鱼场
5. hydroelectric : adjective relating to or producing
electricity by the force of fast moving water such as
rivers or waterfalls: 水力电气的
a hydroelectric power station
Unit 4
Reading II
R II
Sea Harvest
Analysis of the Passage:
This text is a piece of expository writing. In this
text, classification and illustration (the riches of
the sea) are employed to explain the subject matter.
Para. 1-The sea has served the needs of man.
Para. 2 - 5: The riches of the sea help mankind
survive..
Para. 6 - 7: Technology is enabling man to explore
deeper under the sea.
Unit 4
Interaction Activities
IA
What Do They Mean?
Here are a number of notices which you might
see at the back of a ticket, on a board at the
entrance to a restricted area, or in some
other places. Discuss with your partner to find
out where each of the notices might be seen
and what each means. Then fill in the grid with
the results of your discussion.
Unit 4
Listening
Dictation
Spelling (Workbook P. 5)
Unit 4
Listening
Dictation
Spelling (Workbook P. 5)
tease
decently
source
electricity
focus
create
equipment
receive
passage
solar energy
business
average
Unit 4
Listening
Dictation
A
Passage dictation
Unit 4
When we take dictation, we must try to get the
main ideas of the dictation passage at the teacher’s
first reading. We should not write until the teacher
reads the passage for the second time. We must
listen to a sentence as a whole unit, understand its
meaning and remember its idea. By so doing, the
words will come to us easily and we shall be able to
get all the words. On the contrary, if we just try to
write down the teacher’s reading word by word
without knowing the meaning of the sentences, we
can never get all the words. In that way, we can
never do a good job in dictation.
DI
Unit 4
Listening
Dictation
B
Passage dictation
Unit 4
The floors of the ocean contain many riches that can be
used by men. Oil and some minerals already are taken from
the sea. By using nuclear energy, we can remove the salt
from ocean water, which can then be turned into fresh water.
Food from farms under the sea is a possibility in the
future. Food grown in the sea could help to solve the
problem of many of the world’s people who go hungry every
day. About 10-15% of the world’s people do not have enough
food.
Some scientists believe that some day the sea will be
used to make electric power. This would help to meet the
need for more power for the world’s industries. The
decreasing supply of coal, oil and gasoline shows that the
need to find new kinds of power is urgent.
DI
Unit 4
Listening Comprehension
See Workbook P. 6
Listening
Unit 4
Listening
Listening Comprehension
Answers:
1. C
6. D
2. B
7. B
3. A
8. A
4. B
9. D
5. C
10. A