Transcript Online Privacy Issues Overview

Regulating Online Speech / Privacy
Week 4 - February 7, 9
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Class debate #2

High schools should use Internet content
filters to block inappropriate content.
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Guest speaker: Serge Egelman
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Homework 2 discussion
http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsocsp07/homework/hw2.html
Spam counter measures
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Administrivia
Homework 3
• http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsocsp07/homework/hw3.html
Debate 3 assignments
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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What does privacy mean to you?
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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What is privacy?
“Being alone.”
- Shane (age 4)
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin “Privacy and Freedom” 1967
“Privacy is the claim of individuals, groups
or institutions to determine for themselves
when, how, and to what extent information
about them is communicated to others”
Privacy is not an absolute
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy as process
“Each individual is continually engaged in a
personal adjustment process in which he
balances the desire for privacy with the
desire for disclosure and
communication….”
- Alan Westin, 1967
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin’s four states of privacy
 Solitude
• individual separated from the group and freed from the
observation of other persons
 Intimacy
• individual is part of a small unit
 Anonymity
• individual in public but still seeks and finds freedom
from identification and surveillance
 Reserve
• the creation of a psychological barrier against
unwanted intrusion - holding back communication
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin’s four functions of privacy
Personal autonomy
• control when you go public about info
Emotional release
• be yourself
• permissible deviations to social or institutional
norms
Self-evaluation
Limited and protected communication
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Different views of privacy
Privacy as limited access to self
• the extent to which we are known to others and
the extent to which others have physical
access to us
Privacy as control over information
• not simply limiting what others know about you,
but controlling it
• this assumes individual autonomy, that you can
control information in a meaningful way (not
blind click through, for example)
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy as animal instinct
Is privacy necessary for species survival?
Eagles eating a deer carcass http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/eagle/CaptureE63.html
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Multiple facets of privacy
How can posting personal information
about myself on my web site result in a
reduction of my privacy? How can it result
in an increase in my privacy?
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy surveys find concerns
 Increasingly people say they are concerned
about online privacy (80-90% of US Net users)
 Improved privacy protection is factor most likely
to persuade non-Net users to go online
 27% of US Net users have abandoned online
shopping carts due to privacy concerns
 64% of US Net users decided not to use a web
site or make an online purchase due to privacy
concerns
 34% of US Net users who do not buy online
would buy online if they didn’t have privacy
concerns
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Beyond concern
 April 1999 Study: Beyond Concern:
Understanding Net Users' Attitudes About Online
Privacy by Cranor, Ackerman and Reagle (US
panel results reported)
http://www.research.att.com/projects/
privacystudy/
• Internet users more likely to provide info when they are
not identified
• Some types of data more sensitive than others
• Many factors important in decisions about information
disclosure
• Acceptance of persistent identifiers varies according to
purpose
• Internet users dislike automatic data transfer
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Few read privacy policies
 3% review online privacy policies carefully most
of the time
• Most likely to review policy before providing credit card
info
• Policies too time consuming to read and difficult to
understand
 70% would prefer standard privacy policy format
 Most interested in knowing about data sharing
and how to get off marketing lists
 People are more comfortable at sites that have
privacy policies, even if they don’t read them
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Survey references

Mark S. Ackerman, Lorrie Faith Cranor and Joseph Reagle, Beyond Concern: Understanding
Net Users’ Attitudes About Online Privacy, (AT&T Labs, April 1999),
http://www.research.att.com/projects/privacystudy/

Mary J. Culnan and George R. Milne, The Culnan-Milne Survey on Consumers & Online
Privacy Notices: Summary of Responses, (December 2001),
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/glb/supporting/culnan-milne.pdf.

Cyber Dialogue, Cyber Dialogue Survey Data Reveals Lost Revenue for Retailers Due to
Widespread Consumer Privacy Concerns, (Cyber Dialogue, November 7, 2001),
http://www.cyberdialogue.com/news/releases/2001/11-07-uco-retail.html.

Forrester Research, Privacy Issues Inhibit Online Spending, (Forrester, October 3, 2001).

Louis Harris & Associates and Alan F. Westin, Commerce, Communication and Privacy
Online (Louis Harris & Associates, 1997),
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/computersurvey97.html

Louis Harris & Associates and Alan F. Westin. E-Commerce and Privacy, What Net Users
Want, (Sponsored by Price Waterhouse and Privacy & American Business. P & AB, June
1998). http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/ecommsum.html

Opinion Research Corporation and Alan F. Westin. “Freebies” and Privacy: What Net Users
Think. Sponsored by Privacy & American Business. P & AB, July 1999.
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/sr990714.html

Privacy Leadership Initiative, Privacy Notices Research Final Results, (Conducted by Harris
Interactive, December 2001),
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/glb/supporting/harris%20results.pdf
An extensive list of privacy surveys from around the world is available from
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/surveys.html.
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy and Pizza
http://www.aclu.org/pizza/
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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