Online Privacy Issues Overview
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Transcript Online Privacy Issues Overview
Regulating Online Speech / Privacy
Week 4 - February 7, 9
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Class debate #2
High schools should use Internet content
filters to block inappropriate content.
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Guest speaker: Serge Egelman
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Homework 2 discussion
http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsocsp07/homework/hw2.html
Spam counter measures
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Administrivia
Homework 3
• http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsocsp07/homework/hw3.html
Debate 3 assignments
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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What does privacy mean to you?
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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What is privacy?
“Being alone.”
- Shane (age 4)
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin “Privacy and Freedom” 1967
“Privacy is the claim of individuals, groups
or institutions to determine for themselves
when, how, and to what extent information
about them is communicated to others”
Privacy is not an absolute
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy as process
“Each individual is continually engaged in a
personal adjustment process in which he
balances the desire for privacy with the
desire for disclosure and
communication….”
- Alan Westin, 1967
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin’s four states of privacy
Solitude
• individual separated from the group and freed from the
observation of other persons
Intimacy
• individual is part of a small unit
Anonymity
• individual in public but still seeks and finds freedom
from identification and surveillance
Reserve
• the creation of a psychological barrier against
unwanted intrusion - holding back communication
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Westin’s four functions of privacy
Personal autonomy
• control when you go public about info
Emotional release
• be yourself
• permissible deviations to social or institutional
norms
Self-evaluation
Limited and protected communication
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Different views of privacy
Privacy as limited access to self
• the extent to which we are known to others and
the extent to which others have physical
access to us
Privacy as control over information
• not simply limiting what others know about you,
but controlling it
• this assumes individual autonomy, that you can
control information in a meaningful way (not
blind click through, for example)
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy as animal instinct
Is privacy necessary for species survival?
Eagles eating a deer carcass http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/eagle/CaptureE63.html
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Multiple facets of privacy
How can posting personal information
about myself on my web site result in a
reduction of my privacy? How can it result
in an increase in my privacy?
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy surveys find concerns
Increasingly people say they are concerned
about online privacy (80-90% of US Net users)
Improved privacy protection is factor most likely
to persuade non-Net users to go online
27% of US Net users have abandoned online
shopping carts due to privacy concerns
64% of US Net users decided not to use a web
site or make an online purchase due to privacy
concerns
34% of US Net users who do not buy online
would buy online if they didn’t have privacy
concerns
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Beyond concern
April 1999 Study: Beyond Concern:
Understanding Net Users' Attitudes About Online
Privacy by Cranor, Ackerman and Reagle (US
panel results reported)
http://www.research.att.com/projects/
privacystudy/
• Internet users more likely to provide info when they are
not identified
• Some types of data more sensitive than others
• Many factors important in decisions about information
disclosure
• Acceptance of persistent identifiers varies according to
purpose
• Internet users dislike automatic data transfer
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Few read privacy policies
3% review online privacy policies carefully most
of the time
• Most likely to review policy before providing credit card
info
• Policies too time consuming to read and difficult to
understand
70% would prefer standard privacy policy format
Most interested in knowing about data sharing
and how to get off marketing lists
People are more comfortable at sites that have
privacy policies, even if they don’t read them
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Survey references
Mark S. Ackerman, Lorrie Faith Cranor and Joseph Reagle, Beyond Concern: Understanding
Net Users’ Attitudes About Online Privacy, (AT&T Labs, April 1999),
http://www.research.att.com/projects/privacystudy/
Mary J. Culnan and George R. Milne, The Culnan-Milne Survey on Consumers & Online
Privacy Notices: Summary of Responses, (December 2001),
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/glb/supporting/culnan-milne.pdf.
Cyber Dialogue, Cyber Dialogue Survey Data Reveals Lost Revenue for Retailers Due to
Widespread Consumer Privacy Concerns, (Cyber Dialogue, November 7, 2001),
http://www.cyberdialogue.com/news/releases/2001/11-07-uco-retail.html.
Forrester Research, Privacy Issues Inhibit Online Spending, (Forrester, October 3, 2001).
Louis Harris & Associates and Alan F. Westin, Commerce, Communication and Privacy
Online (Louis Harris & Associates, 1997),
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/computersurvey97.html
Louis Harris & Associates and Alan F. Westin. E-Commerce and Privacy, What Net Users
Want, (Sponsored by Price Waterhouse and Privacy & American Business. P & AB, June
1998). http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/ecommsum.html
Opinion Research Corporation and Alan F. Westin. “Freebies” and Privacy: What Net Users
Think. Sponsored by Privacy & American Business. P & AB, July 1999.
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/sr990714.html
Privacy Leadership Initiative, Privacy Notices Research Final Results, (Conducted by Harris
Interactive, December 2001),
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/glb/supporting/harris%20results.pdf
An extensive list of privacy surveys from around the world is available from
http://www.privacyexchange.org/iss/surveys/surveys.html.
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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Privacy and Pizza
http://www.aclu.org/pizza/
Computers and Society • Carnegie Mellon University • Spring 2007 • Cranor/Tongia • http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/courses/compsoc-sp07/
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