Transcript عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint

WORKSHOP ON
LEARNING DISABILITIES
Presented by :
Hammadi Allala
Collaborated by Head Of Department
Mr. Ahmad Abdallah
Under the supervision of ELT Supervisor
Mr. Mahmoud Al-Najjar
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Let’s try this:
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What are Learning Disabilities?
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It starts as follows:
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Imagine...
a)
having important needs and ideas to
communicate but being unable to express
them.
b) feeling bombarded by sights and sounds,
unable to focus your attention.
c) trying to read or add but not being able to
make sense of the letters or numbers.
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I- What is a Learning Disability?
• A hidden handicap.
• A learning disability doesn't disfigure or
leave visible signs that would invite others
to be understanding or offer support.
• A disorder that affects people's ability to
either interpret what they see and hear or to
link information from different parts of the
brain.
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Learning disabilities can be divided
into three broad categories:
1-Developmental speech and language
disorders.
2-Academic skills disorders.
3-"Other,“.
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1) Developmental Speech and
Language Disorders:
a. Developmental articulation disorder.
b. Developmental expressive language
disorder.
c. Developmental receptive language
disorder.
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2) Academic Skills Disorders:
a. Developmental reading disorder
b. Developmental writing disorder
c. Developmental arithmetic disorder
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3) "Other" Learning Disabilities:
4) Attention Disorders:
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III- What Causes Learning
Disabilities?
"Why?! ”
“What went wrong?!"
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Theories:
• A single neurological problem.
• Various brain regions.
• Subtle disturbances in brain
structures and functions.
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The main causes:
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"maturational lag."
unexplained disorder of the nervous system.
Injuries before birth or in early childhood .
Prematurely born and medical problems
Inherited facts.
Learning disabilities are more common in
boys than girls.
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IV- What are the "early warning signs"
of learning disabilities?
1.
2.
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4.
5.
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Spoken language:
Written language:
Arithmetic:
Reasoning:
Memory:
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Symptoms:
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Poor performance on group tests.
difficulty discriminating size, shape, color.
difficulty with temporal (time) concepts.
distorted concept of body image.
reversals in writing and reading.
general awkwardness.
poor visual-motor coordination.
Hyperactivity.
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Symptoms:
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(cont.)
difficulty copying accurately from a model.
slowness in completing work.
poor organizational skills.
easily confused by instructions.
difficulty with abstract reasoning and/or
problem solving.
• disorganized thinking.
• often obsesses on one topic or idea.
• poor short-term or long-term memory.
• impulsive behavior; lack of reflective
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thought prior to action.
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Symptoms:
(cont.)
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low tolerance for frustration
excessive movement during sleep
poor peer relationships
overly excitable during group play
poor social judgment
inappropriate, unselective, and often
excessive display of affection
• lags in developmental milestones (e.g.
motor, language)
• behavior often inappropriate for situation
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Symptoms:
(cont.)
• failure to see consequences for his actions
• overly gullible; easily led by peers
• excessive variation in mood and
responsiveness
• poor adjustment to environmental changes
• overly distractible; difficulty concentrating
• difficulty making decisions
• lack of hand preference or mixed dominance
• difficulty with tasks requiring sequencing
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Mind these!!
• No one will have all these symptoms.
• Among LD populations, some symptoms
are more common than others.
• All people have at least two or three of
these problems to some degree.
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Decoding Dyslexia
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Dyslexia:
• Letter or word reversals when reading.
(Such as was/saw, b/d, p/q).
• Letter or word reversals when writing.
• Difficulty repeating what is said to
them.
• Poor handwriting or printing ability.
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• Poor drawing ability.
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Dyslexia:
(cont.)
• Reversing letters or words when spelling
words that are presented orally.
• Difficulty comprehending written or spoken
directions.
• Difficulty with right - left directionality.
• Difficulty understanding or remembering
what is said to them.
• Difficulty understanding or remembering
what they have just read.
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Difficulty putting their thoughts on paper.
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V- What are the main reasons for reading
problems?
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Ineffective reading instruction.
Auditory perception difficulties.
Visual perception difficulties.
Language processing difficulties.
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• may have trouble learning the alphabet,
rhyming words, or connecting letters to their
sounds;
• may make many mistakes when reading
aloud, and repeat and pause often;
• may not understand what he or she reads;
• may have real trouble with spelling;
• may have very messy handwriting or hold a
pencil awkwardly;
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• may struggle to express ideas in writing;
• may learn language late and have a limited
vocabulary;
• may have trouble remembering the sounds
that letters make or hearing slight differences
between words;
• may have trouble understanding jokes, comic
strips, and sarcasm;
• may have trouble following directions;
• may mispronounce words or use a wrong
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word that sounds similar;
• may have trouble organizing what he or she
wants to say or not be able to think of the
word he or she needs for writing or
conversation;
• may not follow the social rules of
conversation, such as taking turns, and may
stand too close to the listener;
• may confuse math symbols and misread
numbers;
• may not be able to retell a story in order (what
happened first, second, third); or
•
may
not
know
where
to
begin
a
task
or
how
to
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go on from there.
VI- How do parents react to children
with LD?
• DENIAL:
• BARGAINING:
• BLAME:
• ANGER:
• FEAR:
• GUILT:
• ENVY:
• ISOLATION:
• MOURNING:
• FLIGHT:
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VII- What Are the Education
Options?
• special education programs.
• trained tutors.
• special schools.
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VIII-
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Tips for Teachers
Learn about the different testing.
Teach skills and learning strategies.
Work with the parents.
Establish a positive working relationship.
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IX- Pointers for parents of
children with learning disabilities:
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Getting the message.
Love.
Understanding.
Reward.
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Acceptance.
Involvement.
Choice.
Don't nag!
reasonable chores.
allowance.
opportunities.
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• Encouragement.
• Space and place.
• Don't get hung up on traditional school
grades!
• Stimulating materials.
• Help.
• Cooperation.
• A model.
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Thanks go to
• All my colleagues at Khalid
Saoud Zaid Secondary
school.. Without your help and
support, this work couldn’t have
been done.
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