Transcript Learning Problems

Learning Problems
Learning Disorders
Learning disabilities are problems
that affect the brain's ability to
receive, process, analyze, or store
information. These problems can
make it difficult for a student to
learn as quickly as someone who
isn't affected by learning disabilities.
For someone diagnosed with a learning
disability, it can seem scary at first. But a
learning disorder doesn't have anything to do
with a person's intelligence — kids with
learning disabilities aren’t lazy or dumb. In
fact, most are just as smart as everyone else.
Their brains are simply wired differently. After
all, successful people such as Walt Disney,
Alexander Graham Bell, and Winston Churchill
all had learning disabilities.
Signs and
symptoms of
learning
disabilities
It’s not always easy to identify
learning disabilities. Because of the
wide variations, there is no single
symptom or profile that you can look
to as proof of a problem. However,
some warning signs are more
common than others at different
ages.
Preschool (4-5 years old)
•Problems pronouncing words
•Trouble finding the right word
•Difficulty rhyming
•Trouble learning the alphabet, numbers, colors,
shapes, days of the week
•Difficulty following directions or learning routines
•Difficulty controlling crayons, pencils, and scissors
or coloring within the lines
•Trouble with buttons, zippers, snaps, learning to
tie shoes
Grades K-4 (5-10 years old)
•Trouble learning the connection between letters
and sounds
•Unable to blend sounds to make words
•Confuses basic words when reading
•Consistently misspells words and makes frequent
reading errors
•Trouble learning basic math concepts
•Difficulty telling time and remembering sequences
•Slow to learn new skills
Grades 5-8 (10-14 years old)
•Difficulty with reading comprehension or math
skills
•Trouble with open-ended test questions and word
problems
•Dislikes reading and writing; avoids reading aloud
•Spells the same word differently in a single
document
•Poor organizational skills (bedroom, homework,
desk is messy and disorganized)
•Trouble following classroom discussions and
expressing thoughts aloud
Reading
disorder
(dyslexia)
Writing
disorder
(dysgraphia)
Types of learning
disorders
Math disability
(dyscalculia)
Learning
Disorders
Dyspraxia (Sensory
Integration
Disorder)
Dysphasia/
Aphasia
Auditory
Processing
Disorder
Visual
Processing
Disorder
There are many kinds of
learning disabilities.
Most students affected
by them have more than
one kind
Dyslexia
Common Types of Learning Disabilities
Difficulty reading
Problems reading, writing, spelling,
speaking
Dyscalculia
Difficulty with math
Problems doing math problems,
understanding time, using money
Dysgraphia
Difficulty with writing
Problems with handwriting, spelling,
organizing ideas
Dyspraxia (Sensory
Integration
Disorder)
Difficulty with fine motor
skills
Problems with hand–eye coordination,
balance, manual dexterity
Dysphasia/Aphasia
Difficulty with language
Problems understanding spoken language,
poor reading comprehension
Auditory Processing Difficulty hearing differences
Disorder
between sounds
Visual Processing
Disorder
Difficulty interpreting visual
information
Problems with reading, comprehension,
language
Problems with reading, math, maps, charts,
symbols, pictures
Dyslexia
Dyslexia can affect people differently. Some with
dyslexia can have trouble with reading and
spelling, while others struggle to write, or to tell
left from right. Some children show few signs of
difficulty with early reading and writing. But later
on, they may have trouble with complex language
skills, such as grammar, reading comprehension,
and more in-depth writing.
Dyslexia can also make it difficult for people to
express themselves clearly. It can be hard for
them to use vocabulary and to structure their
thoughts during conversation. Others struggle
to understand when people speak to them.
This isn't due to hearing problems. Instead, it's
from trouble processing verbal information. It
becomes even harder with abstract thoughts
and non-literal language, such as jokes and
proverbs.
Learning styles for people with dyslexia
 Learning should be structured and multisensory (use sight,
sound, and touch)
 Practice till automatic (people with dyslexia have short-term
memory difficulties)
 Work on one problem at a time.
 Use right brain skills: like imagination, patterns, colour and
visualisation to augment learning.
Make sure there is nothing disturbing in the room you are
studying in - dyslexics need to concentrate much more than other
students
 Use technology e.g. spelling dictionaries, movies, computer
programs
Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia makes the act
of writing difficult. It can
lead to problems with
spelling, poor
handwriting, and putting
thoughts on paper.
People with dysgraphia
can have trouble
organizing letters,
numbers, and words on a
line or page.
What Can Help?
•Use paper with raised lines for a
sensory guide to staying within the
lines.
•Try different pens and pencils to find
one that's most comfortable.
•Begin writing assignments creatively
with drawing, or speaking ideas into
a tape recorder
•Create a step-by-step plan that
breaks writing assignments into small
tasks
• When organizing writing projects,
create a list of keywords that will be
useful
Dyscalculia What Can Help?
Dyscalculia refers to a wide range of
lifelong learning disabilities involving math.
There is no single type of math disability.
Dyscalculia can vary from person to person.
And, it can affect people differently at
different stages of life.
Two major areas of weakness can contribute
to math learning disabilities:
•Visual-spatial difficulties, which result in a
person having trouble processing what the
eye sees
•Language processing difficulties, which
result in a person having trouble processing
and making sense of what the ear hears
•Use graph paper for
students who have difficulty
organizing ideas on paper.
•Work on finding different
ways to approach math facts.
•Introduce new skills
beginning with concrete
examples and later moving
to more abstract
applications.
•For language difficulties,
explain ideas and problems
clearly and encourage
students to ask questions as
they work.
•Provide a place to work with
few distractions and have
pencils, erasers and other
tools on hand as needed.
ADHD (attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder) is a
medical condition that
affects how well someone
can sit still, focus, and pay
attention. People with
ADHD have differences in
the parts of their brains
that control attention and
activity. This means that
they may have trouble
focusing on certain tasks
and subjects, or they may
seem "wired," act
impulsively, and get into
trouble.
ADD (attention deficit
disorder) is a type of ADHD
that doesn't involve
hyperactivity.
ADHD/ADD
Sometimes the symptoms of ADHD become
less severe as a person grows older. For
example, experts believe that the
hyperactivity part of the disorder can
diminish with age, although the problems
with organization and attention often remain.
Although some people may "grow out of"
their symptoms, more than half of all kids
who have ADHD will continue to show signs
of the condition as young adults.
No one knows exactly
what causes ADHD. It
runs in families, so
genetics may be a
factor.
Bibliography
http://www.helpguide.org
http://www.nlm.nih.gov
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability#Typ
es_of_learning_disabilities
http://kidshealth.org
http://www.ncld.org
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