Transcript Diplomacy & The Great War - West Deptford School District

World
War I:
CREATING
THE PEACE
Wilson’s Ideas for Peace
 Peace without Victory
 Open Diplomacy
– No Europe
Secretcan
Treaties
 “Only a tranquil
be a stable Europe…
Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser…
 beFreedom
Seas & Trade
It would
accepted inof
humiliation…
and leave a
sting, aresentment,
a bitter memory
upon
Move toward
an end
to which
terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only
colonialism
upon quicksand.”
~ Woodrow Wilson (Jan. 1917)
 WhatisSelf-determinism
the main point that Wilson is
Right of people to choose their
trying to–make?
own form of government
 General Disarmament
 League of Nations – org.of nations –
work together to avoid war
At the Conference
 “Big Four” Dominate  Secret Treaties –
– Great Britain - P.M.
– Allies has already made
Lloyd George
secret “agreements” to
divide up the territories
– France - Premier
and colonies of Central
Georges Clemenceau
Powers
– Italy – Premier Vittorio
– How might this affect
Orlando
Wilson’s plan for
– USA – Pres. Wilson –
peace?
hailed as hero & symbol
of better world ahead  Allies more concerned
 Which major ally from
the war was left out?
with – punishing
enemies than creating
a lasting peace
At the Conference – The Big Four
David Lloyd-George
[Great Britain]
Vittorio Orlando
[Italy]
Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson
[France]
[USA]
Decisions Made at the
Conference
Wilson’s Ideas For Peace
Decisions Made at the
Conference
Peace without Victory
GB & Fr make Germany pay
reparations
Open Diplomacy
Proposal Fails
Freedom of Seas & Trade
Proposal Fails
Move toward an end to colonialism Middle East is broken up into
“mandates”
Self-Determinism
In Europe & Middle East, ethnic
groups are clustered together
randomly
General Disarmament
Proposal Fails
League of Nations
League of Nations is created
How successful was Wilson in achieving his aims?
The Treaty was designed to
cripple Germany militarily,
territorially and economically
NO UNION
WITH
AUSTRIA
REPARATIONS
Germany forced to pay
massive fine for war
damages – $33B ability
to pay?
GERMAN
LOSES
OVERSEAS
TERRITORIES
Germany lost colonial
claims
WAR GUILT CLAUSE
Germany had to accept
blame for starting WW1
GERMANY’S
MILITARY FORCES
REDUCED
- Army restricted to 100,000
- No modern weapons such
as tanks, military air force.
THE TERMS
OF THE TREATY OF - Navy could not have battle
ships over 10,000 tons and
VERSAILLES
no U-Boats.
1919
RHINELAND TO BE
DE-MILITARIZED
GERMANY GIVES UP NATIONAL TERRITORY
- was given to Belgium, Denmark,
Czechoslovakia, most went to Poland.
Treaty of Versailles
 Other Provisions
– Creation of Poland,
Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia
• Poland from Ger. &
Russia
• Yugoslavia from
Balkan nations
– Austria-Hungary
Divided
 Problems w/ the Peace
– German people living in
non-German nations
• Same for some Austrians
– Ethnic Groups clustered
together randomly
• Especially from Ottoman
Empire
• Ex. Iraq – created from 3
different provinces w/
different groups of people
The Changed Map of Europe
1914------------------1919
The Changed Map of the
Middle East
Differing Viewpoints
 Answer Questions #6-9 on Quia using the
reading below and the links on the website.
U.S. Approval of the Treaty?
 Opposition
 Wilson’s Reaction
– German Ams – Treaty too – Refused to compromise
harsh
– Irish Ams – no guarantee
of independent Ireland
– Senate Republicans
• “Irreconcilables”
– Believed US should not be
involved in world politics
or any League of Nations
• “Reservationists”
– Opposed treaty as written
– Wanted some changes
made
– Went on cross-country
tour to build support
• Falls ill, suffers stroke
U.S. Approval of the Treaty?
 Failure
– Treaty failed 2x
 Essential Question #1
• Wilson ordered Dems to
– When is America exerting its power and influence
oppose “modified” version
justified?
• Senate
Republicans
vote
 Essential
Questions
#2
down “original” treaty
– Does a dominant, successful nation also have an
– obligation
Separatetotreaty
help orsigned
protect weaker nations and
with Germany in 1921
people?
– What
does
this
mean?
 How
has
the
American
answer to
• U.S. not part of League of
each Nations
of these questions changed
since the late 1890s?